A provenance test of red spruce in nine environments in eastern Canada

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Morgenstern ◽  
A. G. Corriveau ◽  
D. P. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Seed Origin

Survival and total height of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) at ages 15 and 22 years from seed are reported. Twelve provenances distributed from North Carolina to Quebec were grown in three experiments each in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick; seven additional provenances were only partially represented. Variance, correlation, and regression analyses were made. Results at both ages were very similar. Provenance differences in survival were small at individual sites and significant only when the results from all nine sites were combined. Provenance differences in height were well expressed and significant in each of the three groups of tests, with northern provenances growing best. Several provenances were also relatively stable and performed well from site to site. Correlation and regression analyses showed that variation in height was more closely related to the degree of introgressive hybridization with black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) than to latitude, elevation, or precipitation at the place of seed origin. These results were conditioned by development on open sites which are not typical red spruce sites.In contrast with expectations when the study was initiated, it is now apparent that provenances from the southern Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia and North Carolina are less variable than expected and not suitable for reforestation in Canada.

Hybridization between Picearubens and Piceamariana: differences observed between montane and coastal island populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bobola ◽  
Kimberly A. Hillenberg ◽  
Steve B. Gendreau ◽  
Robert T. Eckert ◽  
Anita S. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotypes ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression ◽  
Mount Washington

Foliage was collected from natural stands of montane and island red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) to examine within- and among-population genetic variation. Samples were scored for frequencies of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) alleles, and mitochondrial and chloroplast haplotypes. Samples were classified as red spruce, black spruce, or hybrid using two molecular methods: a three-character discriminant function based on molecular markers or a three-character molecular index. These results were found to be highly congruent with classification based upon a discriminant function using morphological traits. Among montane populations, hybridization and introgression between red and black spruce did not appear to be a major factor in the observed patterns of variation on elevational transects on Mount Washington and Mount Lafayette, N.H. However, extensive hybridization and introgression were detected among populations on Isle au Haut, Maine. The Mount Lafayette population displayed low variation in rDNA alleles compared with populations on Mount Washington and a range-wide provenance test in Stewartstown, N.H.

scholarly journals White spruce growth to age 44 in a provenance test at the Petawawa Research Forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Morgenstern ◽  
Margaret Penner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Late Expression ◽  
Area And Volume

Twenty-five provenances of white spruce were planted in 1963 in 144-tree plots and three replications as part of a provenance test series for eastern Canada. The experiment was well maintained and thinned to 50% of its original stocking in 1986 (age 26 years from seed).Measurements at age 44 were subjected to analyses of variance and correlation and compared with height and survival at age 15. The results demonstrated that at age 15, identification of the best provenances is ineffective because of changes in rank and the late expression of survival differences. At age 44, significant differences among provenances were observed for survival, mean height, diameter, basal area, and volume. The greatest volume was produced by a provenance from Cushing in the Ottawa Valley in Quebec, 287 m3 per ha, which was 11% greater than the volume of the local provenance, Chalk River, Ontario. When ranked on the basis of survival and volume, the best eight provenances included five from Quebec, and one each from New Brunswick, Ontario, and Wisconsin. The experiment shows that at the appropriate stage in a selection program, large plots can yield significant results, which has important implications for the design of experiments. Key words: provenance tests, jack pine, experimental design, growth and yield

The Occurrence of Hybrid Swarms of Red and Black Spruces in Central New Brunswick

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. M. Manley
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Hybrid Swarms ◽  
Respective Characteristic ◽  
The Ideal

The data obtained by rating 50 plots in red × black spruce populations throughout central New Brunswick with a hybrid index indicate that red and black spruces have hybridized extensively. In the New Brunswick Lowland, gentle slopes and flat uplands form a continuum between characteristic habitats, permitting extensive contact between the two species. Where a considerable zone of contact was present, hybrid populations were established. Selection pressure is apparently strong, for despite the ideal opportunities for contact and the fertility of the hybrids, parental species remain phenotypically pure in their respective characteristic habitats (as far as these could be defined). The composition of hybrid populations was related to the extent of resemblance of 'intermediate' sites to parental site preferences. Introgressed black spruce predominated in hybrid populations, possibly due to the overriding influence of disturbances such as fire, logging, and damage to red spruce types by spruce budworm.

Effects of winter injury on basal area and height growth of 30-year-old red spruce from 12 provenances growing in northern New Hampshire

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Repeated Injury

Basal-area increment and height growth of 30-year-old red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) from 12 rangewide provenances growing in a plantation in northern New Hampshire were measured for a 3-year period (1986 through 1988) in which severe and (or) frequent winter damage to needles occurred. Growth of uninjured trees and injured trees were compared. Basal-area increments were successively smaller for groups of trees arranged in increasing order of average needle damage as a portion of the upper crown and number of years that the trees were injured. A similar pattern was observed for height growth, but the effect of winter damage was not as great on height growth as on basal-area increment. Growth losses following winter injury, especially height growth, were much greater for trees in provenances classed as pure red spruce than for trees in provenances where introgressive hybridization with black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) has been demonstrated. For pure red spruce populations, repeated injury in 3 successive years or a sustained average of 30% or more needle damage resulted in losses in basal-area increment and height growth of up to 59 and 30%, respectively. Basal-area growth of the most severely injured trees in New England - New York provenances was 63% less than that of uninjured trees. These results support the contention of others that winter injury could be an initiating or perpetuating factor in red spruce decline.

scholarly journals Norway Spruce Provenance Experiments in the Maritimes Region of Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
J. F. Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
General Survival ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
The Baltic

Results from ten provenance trials of Norway spruce in the Maritimes Region are reviewed. Norway spruce from eastern Poland and from mid-elevations in the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains of northern Poland can be expected to perform well when planted over a wide range of sites in central and southern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. Norway spruce from east of the Baltic Sea, i.e., northeastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, western Russia and White Russia is recommended for northern New Brunswick. These same provenances are recommended for use in Great Lakes — St. Lawrence Region of Quebec and Ontario.Survival and growth rate of Norway spruce are compared to that of native spruce species. In general, survival of black and Norway spruce was the same and exceeded that of white and red spruce. Black spruce was taller than Norway which was taller than white and red spruce in most tests. It is suggested that growth of Norway spruce will exceed that of native spruces over rotations of 40-50 years.

The use of electrical capacitance to determine growth and vigor of spruce and fir trees and stands in New Brunswick

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glenn MacDougall ◽  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Robert G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Measurements ◽  
Tree Data ◽  
Amplifier Design ◽  
Capacitance Meter ◽  
Tree Characteristics

A capacitance meter based on an integrating operational amplifier design was used to measure electrical capacitance of over 3400 trees in 90 spruce–fir stands in New Brunswick. Trends of capacitance were compared with trends of tree growth, tree characteristics, and defoliation by spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)). Capacitance differed among tree species, with balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) having generally higher values than red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Capacitance also decreased with crown class and with increasing cumulative defoliation. Correlations between tree growth and capacitance ranged from about 0.6 to 0.7 for tree data, and 0.6 to 0.9 for stand data. Regressions between mean growth per stand and mean capacitance explained about 40 to 70% of the variability in growth. These results indicate that it is practical to use electrical capacitance measurements to assess tree growth and vigor.

Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Klimaszewski ◽  
Jon Sweeney ◽  
Jessica Price ◽  
Georges Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Distribution

AbstractRove beetle species and their pitfall trap abundance were studied in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.; Pinaceae) stands in the Acadia Research Forest, New Brunswick, Canada, in 1999. The study yielded over 5000 specimens representing 134 species in 11 subfamilies of Staphylinidae. Of these, 58 species represent new distribution records for New Brunswick (NPR), including 15 new distribution records for Canada (NCR), 6 new species, and 4 synonyms, as follows: Omaliinae, 3 species; Proteininae, Proteinus pseudothomasi Klimaszewski sp. nov. (NCR, NPR) and P. acadiensis Klimaszewski sp. nov. (NCR, NPR); Tachyporinae, 3 species; Trichophyinae, 1 species; Aleocharinae, 33 species, including Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski sp. nov., A. brunswickensis Klimaszewski sp. nov., A. pseudocrenuliventris Klimaszewski sp. nov., Oxypoda lacustris Casey (NPR) [= O. bradorensis Lohse syn. nov., O. egestosa Casey syn. nov., O. lassula Casey syn. nov., and O. optiva Casey syn. nov.], and Pella gesneri Klimaszewski sp. nov.; Oxytelinae, 3 species; Paederinae, 3 species; and Staphylininae, 10 species. The new species or known species representing new records for Canada are presented here with a short diagnosis, habitus images, and genital illustrations to help with identification. The habitus images and most genital illustrations are presented here for the first time for these species.

Some Relationships Between Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Spruces in New Brunswick

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Host Tree

AbstractComparative studies on breeding and survival of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) in black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., red spruce, P. rubens Sarg, and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, indicate that red spruce is the most favourable host. The thicker, more scaly bark of red spruce and the less frequent occurrence of competition for bark space and food by other organisms are considered as contributory to the success of beetles in this host tree.

Phenotypic Variation in Climate-Associated Traits of Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) along Elevation Gradients in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Castanea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
John R. Butnor ◽  
Brittany M. Verrico ◽  
Kurt H. Johnsen ◽  
Christopher A. Maier ◽  
Victor Vankus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Southern Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Southern Appalachian
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