Ecological species groups of upland northern hardwood – hemlock forest ecosystems of the Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Spies ◽  
Burton Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ecological Species Groups

A tabular, field-oriented method of developing ecological species groups was applied in a classification study of upland northern hardwood – hemlock ecosystems in the Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan. Sixteen species groups were formed, consisting of a total of 76 upland herb, shrub, and moss species. The groups were constituted based on patterns of presence and absence and coverage values of species along gradients of soil fertility and soil moisture. The ecological responses of species within many of the groups were very similar. The environmental tolerances of the species groups in relation to soil fertility, moisture, forest floor conditions, and shade tolerance were described and contrasted. The groups were more differentiated along a fertility gradient than along a moisture gradient. The tabular method was relatively simple, yet effective in determining the species groups. The method is suitable for extensive land-classification activities; its essential element is that physiography, soil, and vegetation are examined simultaneously in the field. Species groups are more reliable in site classification and mapping than a subset of a few key species and the groups also simplify the use of many indicator species for field workers and ecosystem mappers.

A multifactor ecological classification of the northern hardwood and conifer ecosystems of Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Spies ◽  
Burton V. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ecological Species Groups ◽  
Estimated Error

An ecological method of multifactor ecosystem classification was applied in the Sylvania Recreation Area, an 8500-ha tract of old-growth northern hardwood – conifer forests in upper Michigan. The uplands and wetlands were subjectively classified into 25 ecosystems by a method combining reconnaissance, plot sampling, data analysis, and ecosystem mapping. Each ecosystem was a characteristic combination of physiography, ecological species groups (ground vegetation), and soil. Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the distinctness of the upland ecosystems and to compare the discriminating abilities of different ecosystem components (physiography, ground vegetation, and soil). The classification was corroborated in the multivariate analyses. The lowest estimated error rate (9.4%) in discriminant analysis was obtained by a model based on a combination of physiographic and soil characteristics and ecological species groups. The estimated error rates based on the species groups alone and physiography and soil alone were 42.2 and 25.0%, respectively. The discriminant analyses indicate that neither vegetation alone nor physiography and soil alone could be used with high reliability in classifying and mapping ecosystems. An additional discriminant analysis of the three ecosystem components indicated that the ecosystems could be distinguished by field characteristics without information from soil laboratory analyses. This analysis also demonstrated the particular value of the vegetation component as a readily observed, acceptable substitute for soil laboratory data in identifying and mapping ecosystem units.

scholarly journals Preferences for Northern Hardwood Silviculture among Family Forest Owners in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C Helman ◽  
Matthew C Kelly ◽  
Mark D Rouleau ◽  
Yvette L Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Family Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Family Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection

Abstract Managing northern hardwood forests using high-frequency, low-intensity regimes, such as single-tree selection, favors shade-tolerant species and can reduce tree species diversity. Management decisions among family forest owners (FFO) can collectively affect species and structural diversity within northern hardwood forests at regional scales. We surveyed FFOs in the Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan to understand likely future use of three silvicultural treatments—single-tree selection, shelterwood, and clearcut. Our results indicate that FFOs were most likely to implement single-tree selection and least likely to implement clearcut within the next 10 years. According to logistic regression, prior use of a treatment and perceived financial benefits significantly increased the odds for likely use for all three treatments. Having received professional forestry assistance increased likely use of single-tree selection but decreased likely use of shelterwood. We discuss these results within the context of species diversity among northern hardwood forests throughout the region.

scholarly journals Improved tree height estimation of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Luis Godinho CASSOL ◽  
Yosio Edemir SHIMABUKURO ◽  
João Manuel de Brito CARREIRAS ◽  
Elisabete Caria MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ecological Species Groups ◽  
Individual Trees

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the height of individual trees in secondary forests at two study sites: Manaus (central Amazon) and Santarém (eastern Amazon) in the Brazilian Amazon region. The approach consists of adjusting tree height-diameter at breast height (H:DBH) models in each study site by ecological species groups: pioneers, early secondary, and late secondary. Overall, the DBH and corresponding height (H) of 1,178 individual trees were measured during two field campaigns: August 2014 in Manaus and September 2015 in Santarém. We tested the five most commonly used log-linear and nonlinear H:DBH models, as determined by the available literature. The hyperbolic model: H = a.DBH/(b+DBH) was found to present the best fit when evaluated using validation data. Significant differences in the fitted parameters were found between pioneer and secondary species from Manaus and Santarém by F-test, meaning that site-specific and also ecological-group H:DBH models should be used to more accurately predict H as a function of DBH. This novel approach provides specific equations to estimate height of secondary forest trees for particular sites and ecological species groups. The presented set of equations will allow better biomass and carbon stock estimates in secondary forests of the Brazilian Amazon.

Ecological species groups and interspecific association of vegetation in natural recovery process at Xiejiadian landslide after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-wei Yang ◽  
Shou-jiang Liu ◽  
Cui-hua Hu ◽  
Ye-bin Lin ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Interspecific Association ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ecological Species Groups

Structure and functioning of the eastern Scotian Shelf ecosystem before and after the collapse of groundfish stocks in the early 1990s

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1453-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
System Properties

The fishery-induced collapse of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock on the eastern Scotian Shelf has altered the species composition of this ecosystem. Ecopath mass-balance models of the ecosystem before and after the collapse were developed to explore how the structure, function, and key species of the ecosystem had changed. For the first time, an analysis of uncertainty was conducted to examine the effects of the uncertainty on model estimates. A comparison of the two Ecopath models indicated that although total productivity and total biomass of the ecosystem remained similar, there were changes in predator structure, trophic structure, and energy flow, many of which were robust to uncertainty. Biomass has significantly increased at trophic levels 3 and 4, and the composition of these trophic levels has changed as a result of the mean increase in trophic level of many species-groups. Piscivory has increased, presumably because of the high abundance of small pelagic fish, and the ratio of pelagic feeders to demersal feeders has increased from 0.3 to 3.0. Thus, the ecosystem has changed from a demersal-feeder-dominated system to a pelagic-feeder-dominated system. Although uncertainty remains concerning some model estimates, the ecosystem has been profoundly altered and exhibits classic symptoms of "fishing down the food web". However, overall system properties were generally conserved.

On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests

Vegetatio ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Swaine ◽  
T. C. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ecological Species Groups ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals The influence of environmental factors on the distribution and composition of plant species in Oued Charef dam, northeast of Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAOUEL MOUALKI ◽  
Nadhra Sirine
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
North East ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Ecological Species Groups

Abstract. Moualki N, Boukrouma N. 2021. The influence of environmental factors on the distribution and composition of plant species in Oued Charef dam, North East of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 346-353. Identification of the primary factors that influence the ecological distribution of species groups is important to managers of Oued Charef dam in northern Algeria. This study aimed to identify main ecological species groups, describe the site conditions associated with these species groups, and the relationships between environmental factors and the distribution of ecological species groups using Ward’s cluster analysis for classification and principal component analysis (PCA). For this purpose, 50 plots (200 m2 each) were sampled using the Braun- Blanquet method. Soil samples were collected and analyzed to study soil properties. Multivariate analysis methods were used to classify and determine the relationship between species composition and environmental factors and to recognize ecological species groups. The R i386 (version 4.0.3) software was used for data analyzing. Ward's cluster analysis when applied on terrestrial species data gives three groups distinctly distributed on ordination plan. In cluster groups of terrestrial species Group (1) is dominated by Daisies chrysanthemum, Group (2) by Cynodon dactylon L, and Group (3) dominated by Fumana thymifolia. The groups of terrestrial species are readily superimposed on PCA ordination plane. The most important environmental factors associated with terrestrial species composition in Oued Charef dam communities were conductivity (EC), FSA, FSI, clay, salinity, phosphorus (PO4), TN (nitrogen), nitrates (NO3), and nitrites (NO2). While among the edaphic factors only pH showed a negative correlation to plant species this may due to the anthropogenic disturbances however further studies are needed to explore the rest of parts of the said regions. This study gives important insights on ecological relationships between plant biodiversity and soil chemical in a primary wetland ecosystem in northeast of Algeria.

The Influence of Soil Fertility on Rhizosphere Effects in Northern Hardwood Forest Soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Phillips ◽  
Timothy J. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Rhizosphere Effects

Edaphic and phytosociological factors influencing moss species occurrence in a northern hardwood forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren J. Perdrizet ◽  
Karl B. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Factors Influencing
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