Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. III. Effects of microsite type and ectomycorrhizal inoculation on growth and survival of Sitka spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Shaw III ◽  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Arland S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
North Side

Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull. ex St. Amans) Quel., Laccarialaccata (Scoop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., and Cenococcumgeophilum (L. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Hooker were established as ectomycorrhizae on container-grown Sitka spruce seedlings. These seedlings and noninoculated controls were planted in rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, undisturbed duff, and undisturbed duff on the north side of large stumps on one clear-cut site in southeast Alaska. At planting, seedling heights differed significantly among fungal treatments: the tallest were those inoculated with C. geophilum, the shortest with H. crustuliniforme. Some height differences persisted after planting, but 3-year height and diameter increments did not differ significantly among fungal treatments and controls. As a percentage of their initial height, seedlings inoculated with L. laccata increased the least in size after 3 years (70%), significantly less than for seedlings with H. crustuliniforme (126%). All test fungi survived for 2 years, but most seedlings were further colonized by one or more on-site ectomycorrhizal fungi, frequently C. geophilum. Regardless of fungal treatment, seedlings in rotten wood had the least percentage increase in height after 3 years (69%), significantly less than the 121% increase for seedlings in undisturbed duff on the north side of stumps. Seedling survival after 3 years was over 92% and did not differ by microsite or fungal treatment. At another clear-cut site, survival of noninoculated seedlings after 3 years was 86% in exposed mineral soil, significantly less than the 98% on all other microsites. Frost heave was the primary cause of mortality. These data suggest that prior colonization by these ectomycorrhizal fungi provides little survival or growth benefit after out planting Sitka spruce seedlings on various microsites in southeast Alaskan clear-cuts. Some improvement in early height growth and survival may be obtained, however, by planting in undisturbed duff, particularly near stumps, and by avoiding exposed mineral soil.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. IV. Nutrient levels in ectomycorrhizal Sitka spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Charles G. Shaw III
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
North Side ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex St. Amans) Quel., or Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. and a noninoculated control were planted on rotten wood, undisturbed duff, undisturbed duff on the north side of large stumps, and exposed mineral soil in an area recently clear-cut on Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska. Uptake and concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and several micronutrients in foliage, stems, and roots were determined 2 years after outplanting. There were no significant interactions between fungal treatments and microsite types for uptake or concentration of any nutrient. Uptake and concentrations of N and P in foliage and roots did not differ significantly among fungal treatments. Foliar K and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in control seedlings than in those with L. laccata ectomycorrhizae. Calcium was the only nutrient analyzed that was present in higher concentrations in seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme than in controls. Concentrations of foliar P, Mn, and Zn were significantly greater in seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (protected north side) than in seedlings grown on exposed mineral soil. However, foliar concentrations of all nutrients tested were not significantly different between seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (unprotected sites) and those grown on mineral soil. Seedlings grown on rotten wood had significantly greater concentrations of foliar Ca than seedlings grown on either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. The on-site colonization of control seedlings after outplanting indicates that resident ectomycorrhizal fungi readily establish and appear to provide equal if not improved nutrient benefits compared to inoculated seedlings. Greater nutritional benefits were derived by planting on certain microsite types (duff and protected duff) than by inoculating with specific ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. II. Available inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcumgeophilum

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Shaw III ◽  
Roy C. Sidle
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Mycorrhizal Propagules ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
High Lead

Three microsites common to clear-cuts logged by the high-lead method in southeast Alaska were sampled to quantify the occurrence and viability of sclerotia of Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. Undisturbed duff had significantly greater numbers of sclerotia per gram or per cubic centimetre of soil than either exposed mineral soil or rotten wood. There were significantly fewer viable sclerotia per cubic centimetre of rotten wood than in either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. Numbers of viable sclerotia that could contact the root plug of a containerized seedling when it was planted into rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, or undisturbed duff were calculated to be 0.7, 6.1, and 7.2, respectively. Expressing abundance of mycorrhizal propagules by soil volume, rather than weight, is more meaningful when microsites with large differences in soil bulk density are compared.

Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation Fails to Improve Performance of Sitka Spruce Seedlings on Clearcuts in Southeastern Alaska

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Loopstra ◽  
Charles G. Shaw ◽  
Roy C. Sidle
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
High Fertilization

Abstract Hebeloma crustulini-forme (Bull. ex St. Amans) Quel., Laccaria laccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., and Cenococcum geophilum (L. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Hooker were established as ectomycorrhizae on container-grown Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) seedlings that, along with noninoculated controls, were planted in rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, and undisturbed duff on a recently clearcut site in southeastern Alaska. At planting, seedling heights differed significantly among all fungal treatments: the tallest were those inoculated with C. geophilum, the shortest with H. crustuliniforme. High fertilization controls, reared under a standard nursery regime, had significantly greater height and diameter than other treatments at out-planting. Four growing seasons after planting, seedling survival exceeded 99%. Total height and diameter after 4 years, as well as 4-year increments, did not differ significantly among fungal treatments and low fertilization controls. High fertilization controls had greater total heights and diameters than any other treatment; these differences were significant from seedlings inoculated with L. laccata or H. crustiliniforme. Although differences were not significant, seedlings planted in rotten wood, regardless of fungal treatment, had the smallest increase in height after 4 years (136%); those planted in undisturbed duff had the largest (162%). These data support earlier indications that prior colonization by these fungi provides little benefit to out-planted Sitka spruce seedlings on various microsites in southeastern Alaska clearcuttings. West. J. Appl. For. 3(4):110-112, October 1988.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. I. Nutrient status

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Charles G. Shaw III
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Rotten Wood

Nutrient status was evaluated in the upper 15 cm of three microsite types (rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, and undisturbed duff) common in old-growth western hemlock – Sitka spruce (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) – (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) clear-cuts. Rotten wood had significantly wider C:N ratio (>100:1) than either undisturbed duff (36:1) or exposed mineral soil (31:1), indicating lower nitrogen availability in rotten wood. Higher levels of inorganic [Formula: see text] in <2 mm fraction of rotten wood compared with the 2- to 9.4-mm fraction indicate that N availability increases as decay advances. Available P was low and could be a major factor limiting growth in all microsites. Exchangeable Mg was relatively low (0.0025 mg/cm3) in exposed mineral soil. Microsite nutrient expression on a volumetric rather than a gravimetric basis better represents availability of nutrients to planted seedlings.

Site Damage from Mechanized Thinning in Southeast Alaska

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Thomas H. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Probable Infection

Abstract Damage to the site was assessed in a second-growth stand of western hemlock and Sitka spruce on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, after thinning with a Menzi-Muck walking backhoe. The qualitative procedure used to assess disturbance of forest soils with organic horizons is outlined. Almost half of the area in thinning roads received some level of disturbance, but less than 1% of the total thinned area was heavily disturbed (mineral soil exposed) or heavily compacted during felling-bunching operations. Approximately 90% of the leave trees had some stem or root abrasion, although only 5% of these scars were >1 ft2. The most probable infection courts for fungi were split or severed roots, which occurred on 10% of the leave trees. Most soil disturbance, compaction, and root damage was caused by the metal pads on the front legs of the machine, or by abrasion by logs during bunching. North. J. Appl. For. 3:94-97, Sept. 1986.

A Radiocarbon-dated Collared Urn from Oban

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER LOWE ◽  
ANN MacSWEEN ◽  
KATHLEEN McSWEENEY
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Funerary Ritual

A collared urn was found during the course of a watching-brief on the raised beach on the north side of Oban bay. Post-excavation analysis has succeeded in throwing some further light on the chronology of this type of urn and possibly on some elements of the funerary ritual associated with its burial. The same watching-brief also revealed the site of a truncated pit of medieval date, filled with fire-cracked stones.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document