Composition of loblolly pine resin defenses: comparison of monoterpenes from induced lesion and sapwood resin

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
C. A. Blanche ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
F.M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Percent Composition ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Resin Defenses ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

Even-aged loblolly pines in three crown classes chosen to represent varying levels of vigor were inoculated with the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystisminor to induce hypersensitive tissue formation. There were no differences in monoterpene composition of the induced tissue among crown classes growing on the same site. However, there were significant differences in percent composition of individual monoterpenes between trees growing on a poorer wet site and those growing on a better dry site. There were also quantitative and qualitative differences in monoterpene composition of preformed xylem resin compared with the monoterpenes extracted from the hypersensitive tissue. The differences in composition between the preformed resin and resin found in the hypersensitive tissue may reflect, in part, the energy requirements for initiation of the inducible system.

Monoterpene composition and fusiform rust resistance in slash and loblolly pines

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michelozzi ◽  
T.L. White ◽  
A.E. Squillace ◽  
W.J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

Monoterpene composition of cortical tissue was analyzed in slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) clones with known breeding values for fusiform rust resistance. Trees having a relatively high content of β-phellandrene tend to be more resistant than trees with a low β-phellandrene content. Such results confirm previous data and suggest the utilization of β-phellandrene content as an aid in selecting relatively rust resistant slash and loblolly pines.

Monoterpene composition in bark beetle-resistant loblolly pine

1980 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 409-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gollob
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

scholarly journals Survival of Longleaf and Loblolly Pines Planted at Two Spacings in an East Texas Bahiagrass Silvopasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Kenneth W. Farrish ◽  
Micah-John Beierle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract The practice of combining intensive timber and forage production on the same site, a silvopasture system, offers landowners the potential for diversification of income. The establishment of such a system in a pasture setting offers unique challenges compared with traditional timber or forage systems. In 2003, a silvopasture demonstration was established south of Carthage, Texas, in a pasture dominated by bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Four replications of treatments composed of open pasture, longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (Pinus taeda) pine planted at a traditional spacing, and longleaf and loblolly pine planted at a silvopasture spacing were established. Due to high mortality rates, replanting of trees occurred in 2004 and 2005. Third-year seedling survival was highest for loblolly pine in both planting systems, and forage production levels did not significantly differ among treatments. Wild hog damage contributed to the low longleaf pine seedling survival rates.

Wound response of loblolly and shortleaf pine attacked or reattacked by Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) or its fungal associate, Ceratocystisminor (Hedgecock) Hunt

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Monoterpene Composition ◽  
Fungal Associate

Loblolly, Pinustaeda L., and shortleaf, Pinusechinata Mill., pines respond to attack by the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann, or invasion by the SPB fungal associate, Ceratocystisminor (Hedgecock) Hunt, by forming a necrotic lesion around the wound site. This response was compared between trees that had no known prior experience with SPB or C. minor (naive trees) and trees that had been exposed to SPB or C. minor the previous year (experienced trees). No significant differences were observed in the average length of the lesions between experienced and naive trees in either pine species. However, the experienced loblolly pines had higher concentrations of inner bark monoterpenes than did the naive loblolly pines and the experienced shortleaf pines had a significantly different inner bark monoterpene composition compared with naive shortleaf pines during the June sample period. The monoterpene composition in unwounded tissue of experienced shortleaf pine closely resembled the observed monoterpene composition of lesion tissue at this time. The observed differences in inner bark monoterpenes following fungal or beetle exposure could render the trees less susceptible to later bark beetle attack for a period of time following the initial exposure.

Response of Newly Planted Loblolly Pines to Herbicide and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McKee ◽  
Larry P. Wilhite
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In three separate studies on the Lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, sites were sheared, root-raked, and bedded, and phosphorus was applied. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted, and nitrogen fertilizer and preemergence herbicide were applied at several different times. In all three studies, loblolly pine responded positively in height, diameter, and aboveground biomass to herbicide applied in the spring following planting. Responses to nitrogen application were inconsistent. A pronounced increase in growth was found in only one study. There, a nitrogen and a herbicide treatment interacted to give a three-fold increase in aboveground seedling biomass after one growing season. The lack of response to nitrogen in the other two studies may be attributable to low rainfall in the spring after planting and mineralization of native nitrogen from soil organic matter. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):33-36.

scholarly journals A Tree Quality Scoring System for Immature Loblolly Pine

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Keith L. Belli ◽  
Samuel B. Land ◽  
Howard W. Duzan
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Computer Algorithm ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Tree Quality

Abstract A tree quality scoring system was developed for immature loblolly pines to simulate the subjective quality tree grades determined by experienced industrial foresters. The system was designed to be used either in the office via a computer algorithm, or in the field via a dichotomous key. Results showed that both computer and field key performed well in terms of precision, although the key was susceptible to a higher degree of user bias. Both methods produced consistent, or repeatable, results. The scoring system should be useful for precommercial thinning decisions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(1):24-27.

scholarly journals Impact of Spring Sawfly Defoliation on Growth of Loblolly Pine Stands

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Zeide ◽  
Lynne C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neodiprion Taedae Linearis ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Moderate Stress ◽  
Actual Loss

Abstract To estimate the impact of a single spring defoliation by loblolly pine sawfly (Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross), diameters of 3,006 loblolly pines from five locations in southeastern Arkansas were measured immediately after defoliation and two more times at 1-year intervals.The proportion of defoliation was assessed at each measurement. An insecticide was used in an attempt to prevent defoliation in subsequent years. Because tree growth depends on many factors, a multivariate multiple regression model was used to separate these effects. The model predicts thata single defoliation reduces annual diameter and volume increment by 17.4, 8.4, and 2.8% for the first, second, and third years after defoliation, respectively (the actual loss was 18.9 and 8.9% for the first 2 years). It was found that trees defoliated 20–40% actuallygrew faster than undefoliated trees. This response, called overcompensation, is a common reaction of plants to moderate stress. Potential losses from defoliation are greatest in sawtimber-sized stands between the ages of 25 and 35 years. The decision to control sawflies should take into accountstand age and time to final harvest. South. J. Appl. For. 29(1):33–39.

Inoculation of Nursery Seedbeds with Pisolithus Tinctorius Spores Mixed with Hydromulch Increases Ectomycorrhizae and Growth of Loblolly Pines

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
John G. Mexal ◽  
William G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract Different methods of introducing basidiospores (4/5 oz. spores/100 linear ft. of nursery bed) of Pisolithus tinctorius into fumigated soil at Weyerhaeuser's nursery in Oklahoma were tested to determine their effectiveness in forming ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine seedlings. Two of five methods proved significantly effective. Nearly three-fourths of seedlings treated with spores mixed in hydromulch and applied after sowing formed Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae. The result was 25 percent larger seedlings and 15 percent fewer culls. In plots where spores were dusted onto the soil at sowing, one-third of the seedlings formed Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae, resulting in 12 percent larger seedlings and 13 percent fewer culls.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Leptographium Species Associated with Loblolly Pine Decline

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Eckhardt ◽  
J. P. Jones ◽  
K. D. Klepzig
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pine Decline ◽  
Old Trees

Freshly lifted seedlings and 21-year-old trees of loblolly pine were wound-inoculated with Leptographium species recovered from the soil and/or roots of trees with loblolly decline symptoms in central Alabama. Seedlings inoculated with L. procerum in the greenhouse produced significantly fewer root initials and a smaller root mass than control seedlings. Vertical lesions produced in seedlings by L. serpens and L. terebrantis were significantly longer than in controls. Lesions produced in mature trees by L. serpens and L. lundbergii were significantly longer than in controls. Of the fungi tested, L. serpens, L. terebrantis, and L. lundbergii were the most aggressive and may pose the greatest threat to loblolly pines.

Fractal analysis of foliage distribution in loblolly pine crowns

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Zeide
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A new method for estimating fractal characteristics (fractal dimension and foliage density) of a single crown or its portions is developed. The proposed method operates with volume and mass of natural units of the crown, such as shoots and branches, rather than with numbers of regular cubes. Fractal dimension alone is not sufficient to describe foliage distribution in the crown because it says nothing about the density of foliage at a given point. The density is defined as the ratio of foliage mass to fractal volume it occupies. Fortunately, the intercept of the regression, which contains fractal dimension as the slope, provides a measure of foliage density. Thus the method makes it possible to separate purely spatial factors represented by fractal dimension from ecophysiological effects characterized by foliage density. Application of the method showed that neither fractal dimension nor foliage density of the studied loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) correlates with current diameter increment. At the same time, there is a pronounced negative correlation between fractal dimension and crown size. These results suggest that as crowns become larger, the amount of foliage located at the crown periphery increases in proportion to the foliage amount inside the crown. As a spin-off of this analysis, a method for estimating relative foliage density (defined as the ratio of actual to maximal foliage mass for a given branch) is developed.

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