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2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Barbara Gawronska-Kozak ◽  
Katarzyna Walendzik ◽  
Sylwia Machcinska ◽  
Artur Padzik ◽  
Marta Kopcewicz ◽  
...  

Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis. However, the studies concerning its molecular regulation are limited. In the present paper, we ask whether the introduction of two transcription factors, Foxn1 and Hif-1α, into the post-wounded skin of Foxn1-/- mice regulates dWAT during wound healing (days 3 and 6). We have chosen lentivirus vectors (LVs) as a tool to deliver Foxn1 and Hif-1α into the post-wounded skin. We documented that combinations of both transgenes reduces the number, size and diameter of dermal adipocytes at the wound bed area. The qRT-PCR analysis of pro-adipogenic genes, revealed that LV-Hif-1α alone, or combined with LV-Foxn1, increases the mRNA expression of Pparγ, Glut 4 and Fasn at post-wounding day 6. However, the most spectacular stimulatory effect of Foxn1 and/or Hif-1α was observed for Igf2, the growth factor participating in adipogenic signal transduction. Our data also shows that Foxn1/Hif-1α, at post-wounding day 3, reduces levels of CD68 and MIP-1γ mRNA expression and the percentage of CD68 positive cells in the wound site. In conclusion, the present data are the first to document that Foxn1 and Hif-1α cooperatively (1) regulate dWAT during the proliferative phase of skin wound healing through the Igf2 signaling pathway, and (2) reduce the macrophages content in the wound site.


Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Monica Lopes-Ferreira ◽  
Ines Sosa-Rosales ◽  
Pedro Ismael Silva Junior ◽  
Katia Conceicao ◽  
Adolfo Luis Almeida Maleski ◽  
...  

TmC4-47.2 is a toxin with myotoxic activity found in the venom of Thalassophryne maculosa, a venomous fish commonly found in Latin America whose envenomation produces an injury characterized by delayed neutrophil migration, production of major pro-inflammatory cytokines, and necrosis at the wound site, as well as a specific systemic immune response. However, there are few studies on the protein structure and functions associated with it. Here, the toxin was identified from the crude venom by chromatography and protein purification systems. TmC4-47.2 shows high homology with the Nattectin from Thalassophryne nattereri venom, with 6 cysteines and QPD domain for binding to galactose. We confirm its hemagglutinating and microbicide abilities independent of carbohydrate binding, supporting its classification as a nattectin-like lectin. After performing the characterization of TmC4-47.2, we verified its ability to induce an increase in the rolling and adherence of leukocytes in cremaster post-capillary venules dependent on the α5β1 integrin. Finally, we could observe the inflammatory activity of TmC4-47.2 through the production of IL-6 and eotaxin in the peritoneal cavity with sustained recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils up to 24 h. Together, our study characterized a nattectin-like protein from T. maculosa, pointing to its role as a molecule involved in the carbohydrate-independent agglutination response and modulation of eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation.


Author(s):  
Gun‐Jae Jeong ◽  
Gwang‐Bum Im ◽  
Tae‐Jin Lee ◽  
Sung‐Won Kim ◽  
Hye Ran Jeon ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Eun Seok Gil ◽  
Elton Aleksi ◽  
Lisa Spirio

Objective: To evaluate the effect of PuraStat (2.5% RADA16) administration on postoperative abdominal adhesion formation in an in vivo model.Methods: Anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits underwent cecal sidewall abrasion surgery in which the cecal serosa and juxtaposed parietal peritoneum were abraded after access through an abdominal midline incision. Eight animals were randomized to receive PuraStat administration at the interface of the injured tissues before incision closure, and five animals served as untreated controls. Treated animals received 3–12 ml PuraStat solution per lesion. Animals were sacrificed 14 days after surgery and examined for adhesion formation at the wound site.Results: At study terminus, adhesions were identified in 90% (9/10) of abraded cecum/peritoneal wound sites in untreated controls versus 25% (4/16) of PuraStat-treated sites (p = 0.004). Mean ± SD Total Adhesion Score (average of the values for extent + strength of the adhesion in both defects per animal; maximum score = 14 points) was significantly 76% lower in PuraStat-treated animals (2.0 ± 3.0 points) compared to untreated controls (8.2 ± 1.9 points) (p = 0.029). Mean adhesion coverage area of wound sites was 79% lower in PuraStat-treated animals than controls (p < 0.001), and mean adhesion durability was 72% lower in PuraStat-treated animals versus controls (p = 0.005). Remnant hydrogel was observed at the wound sites of 75% of treated animals at postoperative Day 14.Conclusion: PuraStat treatment has a positive protective effect in the cecal sidewall injury model, and significantly reduces abdominal adhesion formation at the interface of the injured cecum and overlying peritoneal sidewall defect.


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Tariq Al-Munaizel ◽  
Obada Abu Jarad

Abstract Background This study presents an invented surgical technique for dealing with biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures with the potential to replace currently used methods in certain cases. Methods In this retrospective study, a novel surgical technique was introduced in the management of eight patients with bilioenteric strictures between January 2016 and May 2018. Results Our new technique was associated with a 100% success rate where patency of anastomosis was achieved in all patients along the 28 month follow-up period. Only two of the patients developed a complication including wound-site infection, and cholangitis at the 17th month follow-up. None of the patients developed intrahepatic biliary dilation or stricture recurrence. Conclusions This novel surgical approach may reduce recurrent medical and radiological interventions and the need for anastomosis revision. It may also lessen the rate of complications. However, larger scale studies are needed to confirm such findings.


Author(s):  
Steven J. Zottoli ◽  
Donald S. Faber ◽  
John Hering ◽  
Ann C. Dannhauer ◽  
Susan Northen

A pair of Mauthner cells (M-cells) can be found in the hindbrain of most teleost fish, as well as amphibians and lamprey. The axons of these reticulospinal neurons cross the midline and synapse on interneurons and motoneurons as they descend the length of the spinal cord. The M-cell initiates fast C-type startle responses (fast C-starts) in goldfish and zebrafish triggered by abrupt acoustic/vibratory stimuli. Starting about 70 days after whole spinal cord crush, less robust startle responses with longer latencies manifest in adult goldfish, Carassius auratus. The morphological and electrophysiological identifiability of the M-cell provides a unique opportunity to study cellular responses to spinal cord injury and the relation of axonal regrowth to a defined behavior. After spinal cord crush at the spinomedullary junction about one-third of the damaged M-axons of adult goldfish send at least one sprout past the wound site between 56 and 85 days postoperatively. These caudally projecting sprouts follow a more lateral trajectory relative to their position in the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis of control fish. Other sprouts, some from the same axon, follow aberrant pathways that include rostral projections, reversal of direction, midline crossings, neuromas, and projection out the first ventral root. Stimulating M-axons in goldfish that had post-injury startle behavior between 198 and 468 days postoperatively resulted in no or minimal EMG activity in trunk and tail musculature as compared to control fish. Although M-cells can survive for at least 468 day (∼1.3 years) after spinal cord crush, maintain regrowth, and elicit putative trunk EMG responses, the cell does not appear to play a substantive role in the emergence of acoustic/vibratory-triggered responses. We speculate that aberrant pathway choice of this neuron may limit its role in the recovery of behavior and discuss structural and functional properties of alternative candidate neurons that may render them more supportive of post-injury startle behavior.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Lina A. Hassan ◽  
Hydar Muhsin Khalfa ◽  
Ali A. Majeed

Introduction: The scientific definition of Wound is the disruption of various characteristics of the anatomical, functional and cellular continuity of a living tissue. Platelet-rich plasma is a natural occurring blood element that contains a vast amount of platelets in a noticeable volume. The sole function of PRP is a protective mechanism which acts as an adhesive material to maintain hemostatic and tissue properties, it also acts as an immediate hemostatic agent in surgical applications being biocompatible, safe, and effective. The sole aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PRP combined with multivitamins on the regeneration process of superficial rat skin. Methodology: Thirty male rats were used in this experiment and were divided into 3 groups control n= 10, PRP n =10 and PRP and multivitamins n=10. Each group was subjected to a skin wound and received and a treatment of 1 mil of PRP only or 1 mil PRP and 1 mil multivitamins. Control groups received nothing. Wound size was measured for 15 days. Wound site was surgically removed and processed for histological examination after 15 days. Results: Wound area was reduced in all animal groups over time. There is a more significant increase (P>0.05) between treated rats with PRP and multivitamins injections and control groups on day 15 of the experiment. The results also show a significant increase (P>0.05) in wound size between PRP treated rats and control groups beginning on day 5 of the experiment. There was no statistical significance (P=0.05) in wound size between PRP treated rats and control rats in the first 5 days post wound initiation. Tissue from PRP treated rats shows normal histological appearance of both dermal and epidermal layers however there is a thickened stratum corneum indication of scar formation. Histological examination of PRP and multivitamin treated wounds shows normal histological architecture with normal dermal and epidermal appearance. Conclusion: Overall PRP and multivitamin administration subcutaneously in wound sites of male rats shows improvement and restoration of histological architecture. Reduction in wound site was reduced significantly in comparison with other groups.


Author(s):  
Chang-Ru Tsai ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Alec Jacobson ◽  
Niki Sankoorikkal ◽  
Josue D Chirinos ◽  
...  

Abstract Tissue injury is typically accompanied by inflammation. In Drosophila melanogaster, wound-induced inflammation involves adhesive capture of hemocytes at the wound surface followed by hemocyte spreading to assume a flat, lamellar morphology. The factors that mediate this cell spreading at the wound site are not known. Here, we discover a role for the Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related receptor (Pvr) and its ligand, Pvf1, in blood cell spreading at the wound site. Pvr and Pvf1 are required for spreading in vivo and in an in vitro spreading assay where spreading can be directly induced by Pvf1 application or by constitutive Pvr activation. In an effort to identify factors that act downstream of Pvr, we performed a genetic screen in which select candidates were tested to determine if they could suppress the lethality of Pvr overexpression in the larval epidermis. Some of the suppressors identified are required for epidermal wound closure, another Pvr-mediated wound response, some are required for hemocyte spreading in vitro, and some are required for both. One of the downstream factors, Mask, is also required for efficient wound-induced hemocyte spreading in vivo. Our data reveals that Pvr signaling is required for wound responses in hemocytes (cell spreading) and defines distinct downstream signaling factors that are required for either epidermal wound closure or hemocyte spreading.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuainan Zhu ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Yun Ren ◽  
Liying Xu ◽  
Huilin Wang ◽  
...  

AbstractDelayed wound healing causes problems for many patients both physically and psychologically, contributing to pain, economic burden, loss of function, and even amputation. Although many factors affect the wound healing process, abnormally prolonged or augmented inflammation in the wound site is a common cause of poor wound healing. Excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation during this phase may amplify inflammation and hinder wound healing. However, the roles of NETs in wound healing are still unclear. Herein, we briefly introduce NET formation and discuss the possible NET-related mechanisms in wound healing. We conclude with a discussion of current studies, focusing on the roles of NETs in diabetic and normoglycemic wounds and the effectiveness of NET-targeting treatments in wound healing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Venkata Nagendra Prasad. B ◽  
◽  
Latha. D ◽  

The objective was framed to analyse the synergistic antibacterial activity and woundhealing ability of the developed polyketide-alginate polymers. Alginates were extracted from a brown seaweed Padina tetrastromatica and used as a synergistic compound along with bacterial polyketides. Polyketides and alginate polymer combinations were used against test bacteria to determine the synergistic antibacterial activity. A novel wound-healing film was developed using polyketide and alginates with synergistic concentrations and its degradability and wound-healing ability was investigated. The findings in the present research showed most significantly that, Staphylococcus aureus showed complete synergy with the mean MIC value of 0.03 μg/ml and with best FIC value of 0.24 (p<0.5). Degradation of developed films revealed that more moisture leads to more release of antibacterial alginate content at the wound site and hence more degradation. This was evident from the FESEM analysis. In vitro wound-healing assay revealed that the developed polyketide-alginate polymers exhibited cell migration and proliferation after 24th hour of incubation at 370C indicating the wound-healing abilities. Hence, it can be concluded that the biochemical compounds present in the developed polyketide-alginate polymers are considered highly significant in treating any types of wounds.


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