Spread of Armillariaostoyae in juvenile lodgepole pine stands in west central Alberta

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Klein-Gebbinck ◽  
P. V. Blenis ◽  
Y. Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Root Collar

Juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were excavated at three sites near Hinton, Alberta. In all cases in which Armillariaostoyae (Romagn.) Herink had become established in the root collar or taproot, it was also able to colonize lateral roots. In cases in which only lateral roots were infected, subsequent colonization generally was primarily distal to the point of infection. Rhizomorphs were associated with 89% of 21 infected roots, whereas only 19% of 70 roots with no associated rhizomorphs were infected. Stumps, roots, and debris from the previous generation of trees were the inoculum sources for 78% of 36 infected juvenile trees, and infected regeneration served as the inoculum source for the remaining trees. Rhizomorphs occasionally were attached to the roots or rhizomes of plants other than pine, especially fireweed (Epilobiumangustifolium L.). There was no spatial relationship between stumps and symptomatic trees. Nearest neighbor analysis indicated that the likelihood of an individual tree developing symptoms was dependent on whether trees within 0.15 m were dead or dying but independent of the apparent health of trees at greater distances.

Effects of Partial Girdling on Growth in Lodgepole Pine with Application to Damage by the Weevil Hylobiuswarreni Wood

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Root Collar

Leader growth and radial increment on the stem and main lateral roots during three consecutive years following partial girdling treatment were analyzed on 25- to 30-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) from a natural stand in west-central Alberta. Simulation of the larval feeding wounds of the weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood, consisted of the removal of a 7-mm-wide band of bark from 0% (control), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90% of the root-collar circumference of 58 sample trees.Partial girdling reduced leader elongation and radial increment of the leader and lateral roots. Leader height decreased with increased girdling of the root-collar during each of the three post-treatment years. Below the leader, partial girdling of the root-collar did not affect radial increment in the first year, caused an increase during the second year, and a decrease in the third year. At 2 cm above the partial girdles, radial growth above the girdled side of stems was always less than that on the nongirdled side and showed a trend of increase with increased girdling on both girdled and nongirdled sides of the stem. Radial increment was considerably reduced on lateral roots extending below girdle wounds during the three post-treatment years. Two graphs are prepared which can be used to estimate height and radial increment losses in young pine stands infested by H. warreni.

scholarly journals Biological Aspects of Mountain Pine Beetle in Lodgepole Pine Stands of Different Densities in Colorado, USA

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Negrón
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Pine Stands

Research Highlights: The biology of mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, in Colorado’s lodgepole pine forests exhibits similarities and differences to other parts of its range. Brood emergence was not influenced by stand density nor related to tree diameter. The probability of individual tree attack is influenced by stocking and tree size. Findings have implications for understanding MPB as a disturbance agent and for developing management strategies. Background and Objectives: MPB causes extensive tree mortality of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, across the western US and Canada and is probably the most studied bark beetle in North America. However, most of the current knowledge on the biology and ecology of MPB in lodgepole pine comes from the Intermountain Region of the US and western Canada. Little information is available from Colorado. This is the first study addressing effects of stand stocking levels on the biology of MPB and quantifying phloem consumption. In addition, although data are available on the conditions that foster stand infestation, this is the first study estimating the probability of individual tree attack among stands of known different stocking. Materials and Methods: Studies were conducted in managed lodgepole pine stands in Colorado. Unbaited traps were used to monitor MPB flight across stands of different densities. Cages were used to monitor emergence and bark samples to determine attack densities, and phloem consumption in trees growing under different stocking. Beetle collections were used to determine emergence across the growing season. Tree mortality data from plots of different densities were used to examine the probability of individual tree infestation. Results: More beetles were caught flying through higher density stands. More attacks were observed in lower stocking stands but there were no differences in the number of insects emerging nor phloem consumption. There was no relationship between tree size and beetle emergence. Peak flight occurred in early to mid-August and only one peak of beetle emergence occurred. The probability of tree attack was influenced by stand stocking and tree diameter. Conclusions: In general, aspects of the biology of MPB in Colorado exhibit similarities and differences with other regions. The data suggest the need to more closely examine how MPB functions in stands of different stocking and how the distribution of tree sizes influence the probability of infestation and extent of mortality in stands. Biological characteristics of MPB in Colorado need further examination, particularly as climate change continues to manifest. Baseline information will be critical to refine management approaches, and extend the understanding of how MPB contributes to shape forest composition and structure in Colorado.

scholarly journals Commercial thinning effects on growth, yield and mortality in natural lodgepole pine stands in Alberta

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Sanatan Das Gupta ◽  
Bradley D. Pinno ◽  
Tim McCready
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

There is an expected decrease in the short to mid-term timber supply of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in Alberta, Canada due to the impacts of past fires and the mountain pine beetle outbreak. Commercial thinning is a potential option for increasing mid-term sawlog timber supply by decreasing the time needed for individual trees to reach merchantable size, through providing access to fiber earlier in the rotation, and from the ability to keep mature stands on the stump longer. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of commercial thinning in stands of different ages. Stands less than 70 years old at thinning were classified as commercial thinning (CT), whereas stands greater than 70 years at thinning were classified as salvage thinning (ST). Tree growth and survival were measured every five years from 1996 to 2016 in both thinned and unthinned stands. Fifteen years post-thinning, stand volume was less in the thinned stands relative to the unthinned controls. However, when volume removed at thinning was considered, volume gain from thinned stands was greater than that from the controls in both thinning treatments. Individual tree DBH and live crown ratio were also greater in thinned stands relative to controls. Thinning favored diameter gain mostly in the medium-sized trees in CT but both small to medium-sized trees in ST. Thinning reduced mortality in all stands relative to the controls and a maximum of 50% reduction in mortality was observed in CT. Overall, the findings suggest that natural lodgepole pine stands may respond to commercial thinning with a net gain in cumulative volume at final harvest.

Bark Thickness and Bark Resin Cavities on Young Lodgepole Pine in Relation to Hylobiuswarreni Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Feeding Zone ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Lower Stem

Some patterns of bark thickness and bark resin cavity size, density, and their proportionate area in the inner bark on lateral roots, root-collar, and lower stem of 20–25-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) are described in relation to the oviposition and larval feeding-zone of the weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood. The oviposition and feeding-zone occurred where bark thickness was maximal, but where the density of cavities and their proportionate area occupied in the bark were low.

scholarly journals Hairy Nightshade as a Potential Potato leafroll virus (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus) Inoculum Source in Pacific Northwest Potato Ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
J. M. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Green Peach Aphids ◽  
Leafroll Virus

Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in Pacific Northwest potato ecosystems. It serves as a reservoir for one of the important potato viruses, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on S. sarrachoides than on potato. It also revealed that green peach aphids transmitted PLRV more efficiently from S. sarrachoides to potato than from potato to potato. To test the efficiency of S. sarrachoides as an inoculum source in the field, a two season (2004 and 2005) trial was conducted at Kimberly, Idaho. Two inoculum sources, PLRV-infected potato and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides, were compared in this trial. Green peach aphid density and temporal and spatial PLRV spread were monitored at weekly intervals. Higher densities of green peach aphids were observed on plots with S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources (PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and potato) than on plots without S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources. PLRV infection in plots with PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides was similar to or slightly higher than in plots with PLRV-infected potato as an inoculum source. Temporal and spatial PLRV spread was similar in plots with either inoculum source. Thus, S. sarrachoides is as efficient as or a better PLRV inoculum source than potato.

scholarly journals Spore Dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum in Northwest British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Boateng ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

We studied spore dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum, causal agent of a serious outbreak of red band needle blight in lodgepole pine plantations in northwest British Columbia. Spore abundance was assessed at different distances and heights from inoculum sources and microclimatic factors were recorded during two consecutive years. Conidia were observed on spore traps from June to September during periods of rainfall. It was rare to detect spores more than 2 m away from inoculum sources. The timing and number of conidia dispersed were strongly tied to the climatic variables, particularly rainfall and leaf wetness. Should the trend toward increased spring and summer precipitation in the study area continue, the results suggest that disease spread and intensification will also increase. Increasing the planting distances between lodgepole pine trees through mixed species plantations and overall reduction in use of lodgepole pine for regeneration in wet areas are the best strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and enhance future productivity of plantations in the study area.

scholarly journals SEBARAN GUA ARKEOLOGIS DI KECAMATAN PALIYAN KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS TETANGGA TERDEKAT (NEAREST NEIGHBOURHOOD ANALYSIS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Harry Octavianus Sofian
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Analysis ◽  
Neighbourhood Analysis ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Gunung Sewu karst area has attracted the attention archaeologists since the Dutch colonial era to the present. One of the karst area is located Paliyan District, Gunungkidul Regency. Based on research conducted by Harry Octavianus Sofian in year 2007, there were at least 11 caves and rockshelter as a potential residential dwelling. This paper will discuss and look for patterns of spatial distribution of caves and archaeological potential rockshelter as an ancient settlement in the District Paliyan using Nearest Neighbor Analysis (Analisis Tetangga Terdekat) manually and use Neighborhood Statistic analysis contained in the Arc View software.

scholarly journals Examination of the Effect of Aphid Vector Population Composition on the Spatial Dynamics of Citrus Tristeza Virus Spread by Stochastic Modeling

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Gottwald ◽  
G. J. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Garnsey ◽  
M. Irey
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Aphid Vector ◽  
Melon Aphid ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Aphid vector species population composition is known to affect the spatial patterns of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and the changes in these patterns over time. However, the biological processes that are associated with virus spread have not been well defined. The spatiotemporal dynamics of CTV were examined using data collected from research plots in the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica, where the brown citrus aphid (BCA), Toxoptera citricida, was the predominant species, and in Florida, where the BCA was absent and the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, was the predominant vector. Data were analyzed using a spatiotemporal stochastic model for disease spread, and parameter values were evaluated using Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic integration methods. Where the melon aphid was the dominant species, the model parameter likelihood values supported the hypothesis that the disease was spread through a combination of random background transmission (transmission originating from inoculum sources outside the plot) and a local interaction (transmission from inoculum sources within the plot) operating over short distances. Conversely, when BCA was present, results often suggested a local short-range transmission interaction that was not restricted to nearest-neighbor interactions and that the presence of background infection was not necessary to explain the observations.

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