Effects of Partial Girdling on Growth in Lodgepole Pine with Application to Damage by the Weevil Hylobiuswarreni Wood

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Root Collar

Leader growth and radial increment on the stem and main lateral roots during three consecutive years following partial girdling treatment were analyzed on 25- to 30-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) from a natural stand in west-central Alberta. Simulation of the larval feeding wounds of the weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood, consisted of the removal of a 7-mm-wide band of bark from 0% (control), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90% of the root-collar circumference of 58 sample trees.Partial girdling reduced leader elongation and radial increment of the leader and lateral roots. Leader height decreased with increased girdling of the root-collar during each of the three post-treatment years. Below the leader, partial girdling of the root-collar did not affect radial increment in the first year, caused an increase during the second year, and a decrease in the third year. At 2 cm above the partial girdles, radial growth above the girdled side of stems was always less than that on the nongirdled side and showed a trend of increase with increased girdling on both girdled and nongirdled sides of the stem. Radial increment was considerably reduced on lateral roots extending below girdle wounds during the three post-treatment years. Two graphs are prepared which can be used to estimate height and radial increment losses in young pine stands infested by H. warreni.

Survival of the Weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood, in Lodgepole Pine Stumps

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tree Removal ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Feeding Zone

Survival of the weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood, in lodgepole pine stumps was examined over a 5-year period in a clearcut area near Robb, Alberta. Larvae continued to develop in the stumps for 2 years after tree removal, although an estimated 88.4% of the larval population apparently died, but none were found in the third year. In the fourth year after cutting, an increase in weevil abundance occurred in adjacent uncut trees. Numbers of newly developed adults in the clearcut areas one year after cutting were about the same as in the uncut areas, but were much higher than in the uncut areas in the second year. The increased rate of weevil development and high numbers of adults in clearcut areas during the second season was attributed to higher temperatures in the larval feeding zone of the stumps. The effects of clearcutting on the surviving adult weevils are discussed and recommendations are made for using clearcutting as a method for weevil control.

Bark Thickness and Bark Resin Cavities on Young Lodgepole Pine in Relation to Hylobiuswarreni Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Feeding Zone ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Lower Stem

Some patterns of bark thickness and bark resin cavity size, density, and their proportionate area in the inner bark on lateral roots, root-collar, and lower stem of 20–25-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) are described in relation to the oviposition and larval feeding-zone of the weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood. The oviposition and feeding-zone occurred where bark thickness was maximal, but where the density of cavities and their proportionate area occupied in the bark were low.

scholarly journals AB0751 SAFETY AND PERSISTENCE OF USTEKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN BIOBADASER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1672.2-1672
Author(s):  
N. Busquets-Pérez ◽  
C. Sánchez-Piedra ◽  
P. Vela-Casasempere ◽  
M. Freire-Gonzalez ◽  
C. Bohórquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
First Year ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Minimal Disease Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Third Line

Background:Ustekinumab has been efficacy and safety for psoriatic artritis in clinical trials.Objectives:To assess effectiveness, by means of drug persistence analisys, and safety of ustekinumab in patients with psoriastic arthritis in Biobadaser.Methods:BIOBADASER is the Spanish registry of biological drugs of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology and the Spanish Medicines Agency. We identified patients aged 18 years or more with psoriatic arthritis on Ustekinumab. A descriptive analysis was performed.The persistence of ustekinumab therapy was calculated with a Kaplan-Meier curve and was compared with the persistence of anti-TNF, according to line treatment. Log Rank test was used to establish a comparison. Adverse events occurring with ustekinumab are described according to year treatment.Results:One hundred and twelve patients were on ustekinumab. Most of them were on their second or third line treatment: 53.57% more than one biological therapy (BT), 19.64% second BT, 26.79% were naïve for BT. Most of them were on 45 mg dose: 88.24%. Median duration of disease at Ustekinumab initiation was 10.1 SD 7.2 years; 69.23% had peripheral arthritis; 45.24% had obesity and 39.29% were overweight; 40,6% were on prednisone and 59.82% on DMARD. The cause of discontinuation of treatment was mainly inefficacy (82.61%) and less common an adverse event (6.52%). The probability of persistence of treatment with ustekinumab was 0.83 (95% CI 0.63-0.92) at year 1, 0.79 (0.58-0.90) at year 2 and 0.79 (0.58-0.9) at year 3 when ustekinumab was prescribed as the first line treatment. The persistence decrease when ustekinumab was prescribe as a second and third treatment: being 0.53 (0.27-0.73) the first year, 0.46 (0.22-0.67) the second year and 0.46 (0.22-0.67) as a second line treatment and 0.58 (0.44-0.70) the first year, 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the second year and 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the third year as a third line treatment.The persistence was similar to anti-TNF treatment, according to line treatment. Adverse events were mainly mild (97.83%) and occurred the first year of treatment. Most of the adverse events were classified as “infections and infestations” (36.96%).Conclusion:The persistence of ustekinumab was high, being 83% at the end of the first year on treatment and 79% the second and the third year of treatment. The persistence of ustekinumab was higher when if it was the first line treatment compared as if it was used as the second o third BT option. The persistence of Ustekinumab is similar to the persistence of anti-TNF treatments in all the analyzed treatment lines (no statistically differences were found). Adverse events occurred mainly during the first year treatment. They were mainly mild adverse events and the frequency decreased within the second and third year of treatment.References:[1]Treatment with ustekinumab in a Spanish cohort of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in daily clinical practice.Almirall M, Rodriguez J, Mateo L, Carrascosa JM, Notario J, Gallardo F. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;36(2):439-443;[2]Minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab: results from a 24-week real-world study.Napolitano M, Costa L, Caso F, Megna M, Scarpa R, Balato N, Ayala F, Balato A. J Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;24(7):381-384;[3]Minimal Disease Activity and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Real-World Evidence Study With Ustekinumab.Queiro R, Brandy A, Rosado MC, Lorenzo A, Coto P, Carriles C, Alperi M, Ballina J. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018 Jun 28;[4]An analysis of Drug Survival, Effectiveness, and Safety in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Treated With Ustekinumab: An Observational Study of 69 Patients in Routine Clinical Practice.Salgüero Fernández I, Gil MH, Sanz MS, Gullón GR;Disclosure of Interests:None declared

INFLUENCE OF ROOT PRUNING ON HEIGHT INCREMENT AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF OUTPLANTED SPRUCE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1671-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
First Year ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Block Experiment

Three-year-old seedlings of Picea glauca and P. abies were outplanted in a fertile silt loam soil at Ithaca, New York, in a split-plot randomized block experiment involving large- and small-size classes of stock and four root-pruning treatments: control; laterals pruned to 5 cm; all roots pruned at 10 cm measured from the root collar; and all laterals pruned flush with the tap or main root.Survival was good except in the last treatment. First- and second-year height increments within each species were unaffected by root-pruning treatments, even the most extreme. This suggests that either water stress is not aggravated by root pruning or that root pruning has compensating advantages. In the second year, height increment of P. glauca was significantly inferior to that of the first year. Height increment of P. abies was significantly greater in the second than in the first year.Root systems of 20 P. glauca were excavated in the second year. Percentage increases of total root length (of all roots 1 cm or more long) in root-pruned trees were twice those of control trees. Highest values (> 1000%) were for vigorous trees in the moderate root-pruning treatments.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA MORTALIDAD DE ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (GILL) (PERCIFORMES: HAEMULIDAE) EN LA COSTA DE COLIMA, MÉXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Espino Barr ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cabello ◽  
Fernando González Orozco ◽  
Arturo Garcia Boa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Mortality Analysis

This paper deals with the growth and mortality analysis of the burrito grunt A n i s o t remus interru p t u s on the coast of Colima, México. The estimated growth parameters are: L¥ = 50.59 cm; W¥ = 5,051.04 g; k = 0.147 years- 1; to = -0.916 years; A0 . 9 5 = 19.46 years. Most of the growth occurred during the first year of life, when the grunt grows 12.52 cm, the second year it grows 4.95 cm and the third, 4.60 cm. The highest value of the condition index took place between February and September. The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated as 0.53 years- 1. These values are basic for the plan of administration of the fishery of this species.

scholarly journals Quality Improvement Initiatives in Reforming Patient Support Groups—Three-Year Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7155
Author(s):  
Chieh-Liang Wu ◽  
Chia-Hua Liou ◽  
Shih-An Liu ◽  
Cheng-Hsu Chen ◽  
Wayne H-H Sheu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Support ◽  
The Third ◽  
Change Team ◽  
Second Year

Background: Little has been done regarding the research on quality and quantity of patient support groups (PSGs) and how they can be improved. Here, we present three-year experiences of a quality improvement (QI) program of our PSGs. Methods: We launched earlier on a three-year project to improve our PSGs, including the number and quality of curricula. Data were collected on the number of PSGs, curricula, and participants. Results: In the first year, we organized relevant resources of our hospital and established a standard protocol for applying financial support and reporting the results. In the second year, we elected “the best patient” to promote sense of honor and better peer supports. In the third year, we surveyed through questionnaires participants’ health literacy to improve their feedback. Competitions and exhibitions of achievements were held each year to share results of every PSG. Finally, we had increased the volume of participation of patients and family over these three years (3968, 5401 (+35.5%) and 5963 (+50.3%)). Participation of staff also increased significantly (489 and 551 (+12.7%)). Furthermore, more interdisciplinary curricula were generated, with fewer doctors (38.2% to 29%), but greater numbers of the following: nurses (4.9% to 17.4%), nurse practitioners (0.4% to 14.5%), medical laboratory scientists (2.5% to 16.3%), social workers (4.7% to 41.7%), and teachers from outside (0% to 1.8%). Conclusion: In this first study on QI efforts on PSGs, we enlisted a core change team, drew a stakeholder map, and selected an improvement framework with good results.

Shot-hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh.) of tea in Ceylon II.—The effect of chemical control on the yield and manurial response of tea

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-641
Author(s):  
J. E. Cranham ◽  
P. Kanapathapillai ◽  
A. Kathiravetpillai
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Effect On Yield

In 1960–65, six field trials were carried out on tea estates in Ceylon to assess the effect on yield, and on the response of the crop to fertilizer, of dieldrin sprays applied after pruning to control shot-hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh.). Periodic sampling was carried out to assess the numbers of borers and their galleries. Yields were recorded by weekly or fortnightly weighings of the green leaf plucked, over pruning cycles of two to four years.The pattern of the yield increases on the sprayed plots was related to the difference in attack between the sprayed and unsprayed plots. Increases were, in general, small in the first year and much larger in the second year, reaching peak values of 32–58 per cent. (on the yields of successive three-monthly periods recorded) in the late second year, and declining thereafter through the third year as the difference in attack declined. Over the first two years there were marked yield increases in eight of the nine pruning cycles, and these ranged from 11·7 per cent, to 26·3 per cent. There was significant regression (P<0·001) of the percentage increase in yield on the maximum difference in gallery counts. Yield increases in the third year of pruning cycles were also considerable and the results evidence a prolonged effect of the heavy borer attack occurring in the second year.In one trial there was a significant interaction between the effects of dieldrin spraying and of nitrogen supplied. Control of the borer greatly improved the crop response to nitrogen. Nitrogen application increased the yield but resulted also in a proportionately larger loss of crop from borer attack. There was a small but significant increase in the number of borer galleries on the plots receiving nitrogen.The evidence on the size and pattern of crop losses caused by the borer suggests that these occur both from shoot breakages and from the direct effect of galleries on the growth of stems.The significance of the results in relation to estate practice, and the economics of spraying, are briefly discussed.

The effects of nitrogen and irrigation on timothy (Phleum pratense) grown for production of seed: I. Vegetative growth

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Additional Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

1. Plants of S.48 timothy were established on a 1 ft square pattern for production of seed. Two series of plots, one irrigated and one not irrigated, were treated with three levels of applied nitrogen: 0 (NO), 87 (Nl) and 261 (N2) lb N per acre (0, 97·5 and 292·5 kg N/ha) per annum, for 3 years. In this, the first of two papers, only vegetative aspects of growth are considered. Since the irrigation treatment started only 2 weeks before most of the data were recorded, effects of irrigation on vegetative growth were generally small.2. The number of tillers per plant was increased by application of nitrogen; the lower increment was more effective than the additional nitrogen in the higher dose.3. The weight of tillers per plant was increased by nitrogen at both levels of application. The mean weight of each tiller was increased by nitrogen after the first year, predominantly in the N 2 treatment. In the second year, irrigation also increased the weight per tiller.4. The weight of roots per plant was significantly affected by application of nitrogen. In the first year, the weight was increased by nitrogen in irrigated plots; in the second year the roots were significantly heavier in the Nl treatment than in N0 and N2 treatments, where weights were similar; the same situation existed in irrigated plots in the third year, but in non-irrigated plots the weights of roots were similar in N1 and N2 treatments and were heavier than in the N0 treatment. Irrigation had positive effects on the weight of roots in the first and second years.

Studies on Human Onchocerciasis and Simulium in Nyanza Province, Kenya

1951 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Nyanza Province ◽  
The Third ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Second Year

1. An experiment in bush-clearing was carried out at a small endemic focus of onchocerciasis in South Kavirondo district with a view to observing its effect on the adult population of S. neavei.2. The clearing consisted of the complete removal of undergrowth and partial removal of trees, from the banks of fly-infested portions of two confluent rivers, the Riana and the Yabe.3. In the first year of the experiment the clearing was carried out on the infested section of the Riana River, after which there was a decrease in the incidence of S. neavei on this section compared with that on the uncleared Yabe River.4. In the second year a similar clearing was effected on the infested section of the Yabe River, after which the S. neavei incidence on both sections came together again and during the third year showed a steady increase.

scholarly journals Irrigation Cut-off Date Affects Growth, Frost Damage, and Yield of Jojoba

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nelson ◽  
David A. Palzkill ◽  
Paul G. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Flower bud injury resulting from freezing temperatures has been a major problem in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid.] production. A 3-year field study, which began with 4-year-old plants, evaluated the effect of three irrigation treatments on growth, flower bud survival, seed yield, seed weight, and seed wax concentration of six clones. After 3 years, irrigation cut-off dates of late May (dry treatment) and early September (medium treatment) resulted in reduced plant height and width compared to irrigating through November (wet treatment). Flower bud survival and seed yields were very low in the first year for all treatments. In the second and third years, bud survival for most clones, even at -8C, was greatly improved by withholding water in the fall. In December of the second and third years, plants in the medium and dry plots had lower leaf water potential than those in the wet plot. In the second year, plants in the medium and dry plots had seed yields that were 3.5 times higher and wax yields that were were 2.3 times higher than plants in the wet plot. In the third year, the medium treatment had the highest seed and wax yields. Average seed weight and seed wax concentration were generally highest for plants in the wet plot where seed yields were low. Withholding irrigation from jojoba in the fall appears to improve flower bud survival and seed and wax yields following cold winters.

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