Relationship of concentration of gaseous hydrogen fluoride to incidence and severity of foliar lesions in black spruce and white spruce

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. McCune ◽  
T. L. Lauver ◽  
K. S. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Fluoride ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Relationship Of

Quantitative estimates of the variation in response to air pollutants in natural populations of trees must be considered in predicting the magnitude of an effect or the risk of an effect's occurrence. This subject was investigated in 2-year-old black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) exposed for 78 continuous hours to gaseous hydrogen fluoride at concentrations of 2.3, 4.2, or 8.1 μg% F•m−3 and with 3-year-old white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) exposed for 50 continuous hours to hydrogen fluoride at 2.6, 5.2, or 11.1 μg F•m−3 in open-top, field exposure chambers. Tolerances to hydrogen fluoride induced foliar injury followed a lognormal distribution for black spruce and white spruce with, respectively, estimated median tolerances of 3.45 and 13.24 μg F•m−3 and standard deviations corresponding to 1.70- and 2.14-fold changes in concentration of hydrogen fluoride. The curves for the occurrence of moderate and severe degrees of injury in black spruce paralleled that for the occurrence of any hydrogen fluoride induced injury but were displaced towards greater exposures (1.29-fold for moderate and 1.77-fold for severe injury). The distribution of foliar injury on shoots indicated that a portion of the variation in tolerance might be attributed to phenologic differences among the trees. A knowledge of the sources of variation and their magnitudes is necessary to recognize both incidence and severity of pollutant-induced injury in dose-response relationships.

Relationship of snowshoe hare feeding preferences to nutrient and tannin content of four conifers

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila A. Rangen ◽  
Alex W.L. Hawley ◽  
Robert J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Relationship Of

The relative preferences of snowshoe hares for native and exotic tree species and the relationship of these preferences to nutritional constituents and phenols have important forestry management implications. Thus, feeding preferences of confined snowshoe hares (Lepusamericanus Erxleben) for Siberian larch (Larixsibericus (Endl.) Sabine ex Trautv.), Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.R) were examined under two experimental ad libitum feeding conditions. At the end of experiment 1, two-year-old Siberian larch and Norway spruce were equally selected by hares. Twigs and stems of Siberian larch, however, were browsed almost exclusively during the first few days of the experiment, while white spruce was browsed very little at all. Siberian larch was richer in crude protein and lower in fiber than white spruce and Norway spruce, whereas Norway spruce was lower in condensed tannins and total phenols than the other two species. In experiment 2, twigs and stems of 4-year-old black spruce were preferred to those of white spruce. Black spruce contained significantly higher concentrations of crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus and lower concentrations of cellulose and total phenols than white spruce. Overall, white spruce was most resistant to hare damage, though the lack of preference was not reflected in either low nutrient or high tannin values. In fact, concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenols had no antifeedant effects.

Nutrient supply and belowground interaction alter responses to CO2 elevation in black spruce and white spruce

2020 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 118271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Jacob Marfo ◽  
Fengguo Du ◽  
Md. Shah Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Co2 Elevation

Bud and crown architecture of white spruce and black spruce

Trees ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Colombo ◽  
Colin W. G. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Crown Architecture

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE SPRUCE SEED MOTH, CYDIA STROBILELLA (L.), AND THE EFFECT OF LURE DOSAGE AND TRAP HEIGHT ON CAPTURE OF MALE MOTHS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Grant ◽  
W.H. Fogal ◽  
R.J. West ◽  
K.N. Slessor ◽  
G.E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Trap Height

AbstractElectroantennogram (EAG) responses from male Cydia strobilella (L.) indicated that (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) was the most stimulating of the dodecenyl and tetradecenyl compounds assayed. Field-screening tests, which included compounds previously reported as attractive, demonstrated that only E8-12:Ac was effective. The optimum trap dosage was 0.3–3 μg on red rubber septa. Catches of males were greater when traps were hung in the upper crown of either white spruce or black spruce.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetics of response to competitors in Nemophila menziesii: a field experiment.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Shaw ◽  
G A Platenkamp ◽  
F H Shaw ◽  
R H Podolsky
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Nemophila Menziesii

Abstract Recent investigations of evolution in heterogeneous environments have begun to accommodate genetic and environmental complexity typical of natural populations. Theoretical studies demonstrate that evolution of polygenic characters depends heavily on the genetic interdependence of the expression of traits in the different environments in which selection occurs, but information concerning this issue is scarce. We conducted a field experiment to assess the genetic variability of the annual plant Nemophila menziesii in five biotic regimes differing in plant density and composition. Significant, though modest, additive genetic variance in plant size was expressed in particular treatments. Evidence of additive genetic tradeoffs between interspecific and intraspecific competitive performance was found, but this result was not consistent throughout the experiment. Two aspects of experimental design may tend to obscure genetically based tradeoffs across environments in many previously published experiments: (1) inability to isolate additive genetic from other sources of variation and (2) use of novel (e.g., laboratory) environments.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

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