Genetically stable, individual-specific differences in hypervariable DNA in Norway spruce, detected by hybridization to a phage M13 probe

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Kvarnheden ◽  
Peter Engström
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Bacteriophage M13 ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Hypervariable Loci ◽  
M13 Probe

DNA fingerprinting techniques have significantly improved the resolution of the analysis of genetic polymorphisms in major eukaryotic taxa. The techniques are based on the use of specific DNA probes, which hybridize to families of related minisatellite loci that are dispersed in the genomes of a range of eukaryotes. These sequences are highly variable as a result of a variation in the numbers of a core repeat sequence at each locus. We wanted to establish whether one such probe, the DNA of the bacteriophage M13, could be used to detect hypervariable loci in the conifer Norway spruce, Piceaabies (L.) Karst., and to examine if the method could detect genetic differences at the level of populations and (or) individual trees. The results show that hypervariable minisatellite sequences that hybridize to the M13 probe are present in Norway spruce. The minisatellite sequences are stably inherited, and the variability within the species is sufficiently high to allow the distinction of different individuals. The differences between populations are of the same order of magnitude as those between trees within populations. The method is potentially useful in population genetics research on conifers, as well as in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Presence of Root Rot Reduces Stability of Norway Spruce (Picea abies): Results of Static Pulling Tests in Latvia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskars Krisans ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Steffen Rust ◽  
Natalija Burnevica ◽  
Lauma Bruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

Storms are the main abiotic disturbance in European forests, effects of which are expected to intensify in the future, hence the importance of forest stand stability is increasing. The predisposition of Norway spruce to wind damage appears to be enhanced by pathogens such as Heterobasidion spp., which reduce stability of individual trees. However, detailed information about the effects of the root rot on the stability of individual trees across diverse soil types is still lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of root rot on the individual tree stability of Norway spruce growing on drained peat and mineral soils. In total, 77 Norway spruce trees (age 50–80 years) growing in four stands were tested under static loading. The presence of Heterobasidion spp. had a significant negative effect on the bending moment at primary and secondary failure of the tested trees irrespectively of soil type. This suggests increased legacy effects (e.g., susceptibility to pathogens and pests due to fractured roots and altered water uptake) of storms. Damaged trees act as weak spots increasing the susceptibility of stands to wind damage, thus forming a negative feedback loop and contributing to an ongoing decline in vitality of Norway spruce stands following storms in the study region in the future. Accordingly, the results support the importance of timely identification of the decayed trees, lowering stand density and/or shortening rotation period as the measures to counteract the increasing effects of storms on Norway spruce stands.

scholarly journals TRANSLATING ECOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND POPULATION GENETICS RESEARCH TO MEET THE CHALLENGE OF TICK AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES IN NORTH AMERICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Esteve-Gassent ◽  
Ivan Castro-Arellano ◽  
Teresa P. Feria-Arroyo ◽  
Ramiro Patino ◽  
Andrew Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetics Research

scholarly journals Cross-species transferability of EST-SSR markers developed from the transcriptome of Melilotus and their application to population genetics research

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuanzhuan Yan ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Kai Luo ◽  
Yufeng Zhao ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetics Research

Genetic epidemiology 1: behavioural genetics

2003 ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
Frühling Rijsdijk ◽  
Pak Sham
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Behavioural Genetics ◽  
Mendelian Disorders ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Behavioural genetics is the study of the genetic basis of behavioural traits including both psychiatric disorders and ‘normal’ personality dimensions. Behavioural genetics derives its theoretical basis from population genetics. Soon after the laws of Mendelian inheritance were re-discovered in 1900, the implications of these laws on the genetic properties of populations were worked out. Such properties include segregation ratios, genotypic frequencies in random mating populations, the effect of population structure and systems of mating, the impact of selection, the partitioning of genetic variance, and the genetic correlation between relatives. Some appreciation of population genetics is necessary for a deep understanding of behavioural genetics. Because of the complexity of behavioural traits, genetic factors cannot be regarded in isolation, or as static. Instead, it is important to consider: (i) the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors, (ii) the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and (iii) the changing role of genetic factors in different stages of development from infancy to old age. The major study designs in behavioural genetics will be discussed in this chapter, namely family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies. Behavioural genetics, augmented by molecular genetics has the potential to identify specific genetic variants which influence behaviour. This will be considered in detail in Chapter 14. Mendelian inheritance Gregor Mendel first demonstrated the genetic basis of biological inheritance by studies of simple all-or-none traits in the garden pea. These traits were particularly revealing because they were completely determined by the genotype at a single chromosomal locus. Diseases caused by genetic mutation at a single locus are commonly called Mendelian or single-gene disorders. A dominant disorder is expressed when an individual has one or two copies of the mutant allele, whereas a recessive disorder is expressed only when both alleles at the locus are the mutant variant. Examples of Mendelian disorders of clinical significance in psychiatry are Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome. Mendelian disorders tend to be relatively rare because they are usually subjected to severe negative selective pressure, due to their increased mortality. Most common disorders and continuous traits of interest in psychiatry have an aetiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Categorical and dimensional traits Behavioural genetics is rooted in both psychiatry and psychology. Psychiatrists traditionally adopt a medical model where diseases are defined as categorical entities and diagnoses are either present or absent. Psychologists on the other hand prefer quantitative measures of cognitive ability, personality and other traits. The methodology of behavioural genetics research reflects this duality, although there is a trend to integrate the two approaches, especially for traits such as anxiety and depression where both diagnostic criteria and quantitative measures exist.

Basal area growth models for individual trees of Norway spruce, Scots pine, birch and other broadleaves in Norway

2003 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Andreassen ◽  
Stein M. Tomter
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Individual Trees

Wood density in Norway spruce: changes with thinning intensity and tree age

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Jaakkola ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

The effect of thinning intensity on growth and wood density in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was investigated in two long-term thinning experiments in southeastern Finland. The stands were approaching maturity, and their development had already been studied for 30 years. The intensities of thinning were low, normal, and high (i.e., the stand basal area after the thinning was, on average, 40, 27, and 24 m2·ha–1, respectively, in Heinola, and 30, 28, and 17 m2·ha–1 in Punkaharju, respectively). Compared with the low thinning intensity, the normal and high thinning intensities increased the basal-area increment of individual trees by 52% and 68%, respectively. Normal and high thinning intensities resulted in a relatively small reduction (1%–4%) of mean ring density compared with low thinning intensity. The random variation in wood density between and within trees was large. About 27% of the total variation in wood density was related to variation between rings. Our results indicate that the prevailing thinning intensities in Norway spruce stands in Fennoscandia cause no marked changes in wood density. At least, the possible reduction in wood density is low compared with the increase in individual tree growth.

Polymorphic regions in plant genomes detected by an M13 probe

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Zimmerman ◽  
N. Lang-Unnasch ◽  
C. A. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Bacteriophage M13 ◽  
Hypervariable Minisatellites ◽  
M13 Probe ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length ◽  
Dicot Species

A sequence containing two clusters of 15 base pair repeats from the protein III gene in the bacteriophage M13 has been shown to detect hypervariable minisatellites in many animal species. We have shown that this M13 fragment will detect similar sequences in higher plants including monocots, dicots, and gymnosperms. In addition, polymorphisms were demonstrated in three dicot species. The amount of this sequence has no relationship with the size of the genome, chromosome number, or amount of repetitive DNA in the species tested.Key words: bacteriophage M13, monocot, dicot, gymnosperm, restriction fragment length polymorphism.

scholarly journals Leveraging breeding programs and genomic data in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) for GWAS analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
Yanjun Zan ◽  
Pascal Milesi ◽  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Programs

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify loci underlying the variation of complex traits. One of the main limitations of GWAS is the availability of reliable phenotypic data, particularly for long-lived tree species. Although an extensive amount of phenotypic data already exists in breeding programs, accounting for its high heterogeneity is a great challenge. We combine spatial and factor-analytics analyses to standardize the heterogeneous data from 120 field experiments of 483,424 progenies of Norway spruce to implement the largest reported GWAS for trees using 134 605 SNPs from exome sequencing of 5056 parental trees. Results We identify 55 novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that are associated with phenotypic variation. The largest number of QTLs is associated with the budburst stage, followed by diameter at breast height, wood quality, and frost damage. Two QTLs with the largest effect have a pleiotropic effect for budburst stage, frost damage, and diameter and are associated with MAP3K genes. Genotype data called from exome capture, recently developed SNP array and gene expression data indirectly support this discovery. Conclusion Several important QTLs associated with growth and frost damage have been verified in several southern and northern progeny plantations, indicating that these loci can be used in QTL-assisted genomic selection. Our study also demonstrates that existing heterogeneous phenotypic data from breeding programs, collected over several decades, is an important source for GWAS and that such integration into GWAS should be a major area of inquiry in the future.

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