Simulated optimal structure of a photosynthetic system: implication for the breeding of forest crop ideotype

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Ling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Photosynthetic System

A single leaf and canopy are two different levels of a photosynthetic system which have the function of carbon fixation and energy balance for plant and crop processes. A mechanistic model was derived to understand the photosynthetically based optimal structure for the maximization of whole-system nitrogen-use efficiency. The model is based upon the use of a nonrectangular hyperbola for leaf photosynthetic response to irradiance, the linear relationship of photosynthetic capacity with nitrogen content, and the Monsi–Saeki theory for the light-intercepting characteristics of the system. The whole-system carbon gain is maximized by partitioning of leaf nitrogen content (therefore photosynthetic capacity and other related physiological parameters) in terms of negatively exponential decrease with cumulative leaf area index, which has the same extinction rate with irradiance within the system. The biomass production of the photosynthetically based optimal structure (ideotype) and its relative advantage over uniform structure increase with increasing irradiance, nitrogen availability, and leaf area index. Such properties of ideotypes associated with leaf biology and geometry are discussed, as well as their application to short-rotation intensive culture in forest crops.

scholarly journals Regional-Scale Relationships of Leaf Area Index to Specific Leaf Area and Leaf Nitrogen Content

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars L. Pierce ◽  
Steven W. Running ◽  
Joe Walker
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Area Index

Leaf and canopy CO2 assimilation in a West African humid savanna during the early growing season

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Le Roux ◽  
P. Mordelet
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
West African ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Humid Savanna ◽  
Low Nitrogen

ABSTRACTLeaf and grass canopy photosynthetic rates were measured in a West African humid savanna during several stages of the early growing season. The results obtained on the dominant grass species Hyparrhenia diplandra and data published previously show that C4 savanna grasses exhibit a remarkably high leaf photosynthetic capacity despite their low nitrogen content. A variation of leaf photosynthetic capacity in relation to leaf rank on stems is observed which is interpreted by ageing and shading effects within the canopy. Seasonal variations of the canopy CO2 assimilation rate is explained in relation to variations of leaf area index and canopy nitrogen content. Despite low nitrogen content or low leaf area index, maximum canopy net photosynthesis was high (24 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1 for LAI = 1.5). The high photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency exhibited by leaves of humid savanna grass species is a major attribute explaining high photosynthetic rates of the grass canopy in this environment. This result sustains the emerging opinion that tropical savannas could be highly productive despite the generally low nutrient status they experience.

Seasonality of leaf area index and photosynthetic capacity for better estimation of carbon and water fluxes in evergreen conifer forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 107708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Xiangzhong Luo ◽  
Andy Black ◽  
Altaf Arain
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Evergreen Conifer

scholarly journals Some Quantitative Relationships between Leaf Area Index and Canopy Nitrogen Content and Distribution

2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. YIN
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Nitrogen

scholarly journals The role of leaf area and photosynthesis in optimising the sowing date of maize

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Enikő Bene ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Sciences

  Our sowing date experiment took place in the Demonstration Garden of Institution of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Center of University of Debrecen, in 2012–2014. The thesis contains data of test year 2014. Our purpose, besides several other examinations, was to observe how sowing date influences leaf area index and activity of photosynthesis of maize hybrids, and how those factors affect fruiting. In the experiment we monitored the change of the leaf area index and the photosynthesis of hybrids with four different growing seasons. Based on the results, it can be concluded that most of the examined hybrids reached their smallest leaf area with the third sowing date and with the highest yield results. Hybrid Da Sonka had the largest leaf area (4.10 m2 m-2), and hybrid DKC 4590 produced the highest yield (13.16 t ha-1) with the third sowing date. During testing the photosynthetic capacity, the extremely high performance of the youngest plants with the third sowing date is outstanding, which can be explained by the different ripening periods. Examination of the correlation between the photosynthetic capacity and the yield, by linear regression analysis, also proves that photosynthesis has a determinative role in fruiting. The results obtained confirm that not only the environmental and agricultural factors in the growing season have effect on the yield, but also other factors like the leaf area index and the photosynthesis are determinative parameters, and all those factors together, modifying effects of each other, develop average yields.

scholarly journals Peanut Cultivar Differences in Yield Based on Source and Sink Characteristics

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Heni Purnamawati ◽  
Roedhy Poerwanto ◽  
, Yudiwanti ◽  
Ahmad Ghozi Mansyuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Single Leaf

This research was conducted to determine peanut cultivar differences in sink and source sizes as represented by vegetative growth and yields. Two sets of experiments were conducted at Bogor Agricultural University farms, Sawah Baru and Cikarawang (06o33’, S, 106o45’E, 250 m altitude). Planting was conducted on June 12 and June 20, 2007 using 20 local and national cultivars in each location. Both experiments used randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. Size of experimental unit was 1.6 m x 4.0 m, with planting density 125,000 plants ha-1. Urea, SP36 and KCl were applied at planting date in the rate of (kg ha-1) 45 N, 100 P2O5 and 50 K2O. Four stages of plant growth were studied: 25 days after planting (DAP); 6 weeks after planting (WAP); 10 WAP (pod filling) and 14 WAP (harvest). Five plants were sampled at 25 DAP, two plants at 6 WAP, 10 WAP and 14 WAP, and separated into leaves, stems, roots and pods. The average yield of two experimental stations showed that Biawak cultivar had the highest yield due to relatively higher aboveground dry weight (source), pod filling percentage and maximum number of gynophor+pods (potential sink). Jepara cultivar had the lowest yield due to low pod filling percentage and potential sink, although its source was considered to be in the medium category. Above ground dry weight at 6 and 10 WAP had close relation with Crop Growth Rate (CGR) during 25 DAP-6 WAP and 6-10 WAP, and the higher CGR during those periods were more related to leaf area index than to single leaf photosynthetic capacity. Keywords: crop growth rate, pod filling percentage, leaf area index, single leaf photosynthetic capacity

scholarly journals Leaf Area Index Changes Explain GPP Variation across an Amazon Drought Stress Gradient

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Flack-Prain ◽  
Patrick Meir ◽  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
Thomas Luke Smallman ◽  
Mathew Williams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Area Index

Abstract. The capacity of Amazon forests to sequester carbon is threatened by climate change-induced shifts in precipitation patterns. However, the relative importance of plant physiology, ecosystem structure, and trait composition responses in determining variation in GPP, remain largely unquantified, and vary among models. We evaluate the relative importance of key climate constraints to gross primary productivity (GPP), comparing direct plant physiological responses to water availability and indirect structural and trait responses (via changes to leaf area index (LAI), roots and photosynthetic capacity). To separate these factors we combined the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model with forcing and observational data from seven intensively studied forest plots along an Amazon soil moisture-stress gradient. We also used machine learning to evaluate the relative importance of individual climate factors across sites. Our model experiments showed that variation in LAI was the principal driver of differences in GPP across the gradient, accounting for 33 % of observed variation. Differences in photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax and Jmax) accounted for 21 % of variance, and climate (which included physiological responses) accounted for 16 %. Sensitivity to differences in climate was highest where shallow rooting depth was coupled with high LAI. On sub-annual timescales, the relative importance of LAI in driving GPP increased with soil moisture-stress (R2 = 0.72), whilst the importance of solar radiation decreased (R2 = 0.90). Given the role of LAI in driving GPP across Amazon forests, improved mapping of canopy dynamics is critical, opportunities for which are offered by new satellite-based remote sensing missions such as GEDI, Sentinel and FLEX.

scholarly journals Narrow and twin-row plantings do not increase maize yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Amauri Schmitt ◽  
Marcos Cardoso Martins Júnior ◽  
Hugo François Kuneski ◽  
Antonio Eduardo Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Row Space

Reducing row space and sowing in twin rows of maize (Zea mays L.) allow more equidistant plant distribution at the same density. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of these two management practices on the nitrogen content of the index leaf, the leaf area index at silking, and the grain yield of maize at different plant densities. The experiment was carried out in Lages, Santa Catarina State University, in southern Brazil during the growing seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. A split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block design was used. Two plant densities (7 and 9 plants m-2) were distributed in the main plot, and five row spaces (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 m and twin rows 0.6 m apart with 0.18 m between rows) were evaluated in split-plots. Physiological traits and grain yield were determined on the maize hybrid P30R50YH. The experiments were sown on 10/20/2016 and 10/21/2017. Kernel yields were higher at the plant density of 9 plants m-2 than at 7 plants m-2. The row space did not affect the nitrogen content of the index leaf, the crop leaf area index at silking, and the maize grain yield. The increment of plant density was more effective than the use of narrow and twin rows to enhance P30R50YH  hybrid grain yield.

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