scholarly journals The role of leaf area and photosynthesis in optimising the sowing date of maize

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Enikő Bene ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Sciences

  Our sowing date experiment took place in the Demonstration Garden of Institution of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Center of University of Debrecen, in 2012–2014. The thesis contains data of test year 2014. Our purpose, besides several other examinations, was to observe how sowing date influences leaf area index and activity of photosynthesis of maize hybrids, and how those factors affect fruiting. In the experiment we monitored the change of the leaf area index and the photosynthesis of hybrids with four different growing seasons. Based on the results, it can be concluded that most of the examined hybrids reached their smallest leaf area with the third sowing date and with the highest yield results. Hybrid Da Sonka had the largest leaf area (4.10 m2 m-2), and hybrid DKC 4590 produced the highest yield (13.16 t ha-1) with the third sowing date. During testing the photosynthetic capacity, the extremely high performance of the youngest plants with the third sowing date is outstanding, which can be explained by the different ripening periods. Examination of the correlation between the photosynthetic capacity and the yield, by linear regression analysis, also proves that photosynthesis has a determinative role in fruiting. The results obtained confirm that not only the environmental and agricultural factors in the growing season have effect on the yield, but also other factors like the leaf area index and the photosynthesis are determinative parameters, and all those factors together, modifying effects of each other, develop average yields.

scholarly journals Selection of sowing date and biofertilization as alternatives to improve the yield and profitability of the F68 rice variety

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Yeison Mauricio Quevedo-Amaya ◽  
José Isidro Beltrán-Medina ◽  
José Álvaro Hoyos-Cartagena ◽  
John Edinson Calderón-Carvajal ◽  
Eduardo Barragán-Quijano
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Selection Of

Multiple factors influence rice yield. Developing management practices that increase crop yield and an efficient use of resources are challenging to modern agriculture. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate biological nitrogen fixation and bacterial phosphorous solubilization (biofertilization) practices with the selection of the sowing date. Three sowing dates (May, July and August) were evaluated when interacting with two mineral nutrition treatments using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement. Leaf carbon balance, leaf area index, interception and radiation use efficiency, harvest index, dry matter accumulation, nutritional status, and yield were quantified. Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August. Additionally, yield increased by 18.92% with the biofertilization treatment, reaching 35.18% of profitability compared to the local production practice. High yields were related to a higher carbon balance during flowering, which was 11.56% and 54.04% higher in August than in July and May, respectively, due to a lower night temperature. In addition, a high efficient use of radiation, which in August was 17.56% and 41.23% higher than in July and May, respectively, contributed to obtain higher yields and this behavior is related to the selection of the sowing date. Likewise, a rapid development of the leaf area index and an optimum foliar nitrogen concentration (>3%) were observed. This allowed for greater efficient use of radiation and is attributed to the activity of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria that also act as plant growth promoters.

scholarly journals Study of plant physiological parameters in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. napus f. biennis L.) production on chernozem soil

2016 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Éva Vincze ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

We made plant physiology examinations in Arkaso winter oilseed rape hybrid substance: relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements. The experiment was set in University of Debrecen Agricultural Sciences Center at Látóképi Experimental Station in four replications, in two different sowing times (I. sowing date on 08/22/2014 and II. sowing date on 09/09/2014 sowing againhappened because of the incomplete germination in the second subtance 01/10/2014) Three different plant density 200, 350 and 500 thousand ha-1, under the same nutrient supply, 45 cm row spacing. The experiment was green crop of winter wheat. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were made in seven different times. We measured the maximum value of chlorophyll content in the first sowing time at 500, and the second sowing time at 350 thousand ha-1 plant density. The measurement results proved that there was a linear relationship between the number of plants and the LAI. The maximum leaf area index values we measured in both the sowing time at 500 thousand ha-1 reached.

scholarly journals Peanut Cultivar Differences in Yield Based on Source and Sink Characteristics

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Heni Purnamawati ◽  
Roedhy Poerwanto ◽  
, Yudiwanti ◽  
Ahmad Ghozi Mansyuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Single Leaf

This research was conducted to determine peanut cultivar differences in sink and source sizes as represented by vegetative growth and yields. Two sets of experiments were conducted at Bogor Agricultural University farms, Sawah Baru and Cikarawang (06o33’, S, 106o45’E, 250 m altitude). Planting was conducted on June 12 and June 20, 2007 using 20 local and national cultivars in each location. Both experiments used randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. Size of experimental unit was 1.6 m x 4.0 m, with planting density 125,000 plants ha-1. Urea, SP36 and KCl were applied at planting date in the rate of (kg ha-1) 45 N, 100 P2O5 and 50 K2O. Four stages of plant growth were studied: 25 days after planting (DAP); 6 weeks after planting (WAP); 10 WAP (pod filling) and 14 WAP (harvest). Five plants were sampled at 25 DAP, two plants at 6 WAP, 10 WAP and 14 WAP, and separated into leaves, stems, roots and pods. The average yield of two experimental stations showed that Biawak cultivar had the highest yield due to relatively higher aboveground dry weight (source), pod filling percentage and maximum number of gynophor+pods (potential sink). Jepara cultivar had the lowest yield due to low pod filling percentage and potential sink, although its source was considered to be in the medium category. Above ground dry weight at 6 and 10 WAP had close relation with Crop Growth Rate (CGR) during 25 DAP-6 WAP and 6-10 WAP, and the higher CGR during those periods were more related to leaf area index than to single leaf photosynthetic capacity. Keywords: crop growth rate, pod filling percentage, leaf area index, single leaf photosynthetic capacity

scholarly journals The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽  
Poramate Banterng ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

scholarly journals Calibration and Simulation of the CERES-Sorghum and CERES-Maize Models for Crops in the Central-West Region of Paraná State

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Paulo Vinicius Demeneck Vieira ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de Freitas ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
João Danilo Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
West Region

Simulation models have been widely used to generate yield data by forecasting climate variables and changes in growing seasons. The aim of this study was to calibrate genetic coefficients and simulate growth, development and yield in maize and sorghum crops based on historical meteorological data for the municipality of Juranda (2007 to 2013), in the central-west region of Paraná State, Brazil. Treatments were established based on three planting dates in two growing seasons for a group of super early maturity maize hybrids (DKB 330 Pro), and two groups of sorghum hybrids, the first a super early variety (ADV 123) and the second with a normal cycle (1G282). The variables assessed were number of days from planting to flowering, leaf area index (LAI), and 1000 seed weight and yield. Statistical coefficients were used to evaluate calibration accuracy. The results demonstrated that the models were highly efficient at simulating crop cycles, yield and leaf area index, with agreement indices and modeling efficiency values above 0.90. The results indicated that the CERES-Maize and CERES-Sorghum models generated satisfactory and comparative simulations of maize and sorghum yield for the study area on different planting dates.

Relationship between the physiological properties and yield of winter wheat varieties on chernozem soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
É. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons

The relationship between the yield, chlorophyll content and leaf area index of five winter wheat genotypes was investigated in two different growing seasons on chernozem soil. The results suggest that the genotype and the nutrient supply had a considerable influence on both the yield and the physiological traits, while the growing season modified the parameters in a significant manner. The results proved that the chlorophyll content and leaf area index had a direct influence on the yield; varieties developing larger leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content had higher yields even in different seasons, but the yield was significantly influenced by the decline in the chlorophyll content after flowering. It could be concluded that studying the chlorophyll content and leaf area values simultaneously during the more important phenological phases (especially from flowering to the early period of grain-filling) makes it possible to predict the yield from the trends.

Leaf and canopy CO2 assimilation in a West African humid savanna during the early growing season

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Le Roux ◽  
P. Mordelet
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
West African ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Humid Savanna ◽  
Low Nitrogen

ABSTRACTLeaf and grass canopy photosynthetic rates were measured in a West African humid savanna during several stages of the early growing season. The results obtained on the dominant grass species Hyparrhenia diplandra and data published previously show that C4 savanna grasses exhibit a remarkably high leaf photosynthetic capacity despite their low nitrogen content. A variation of leaf photosynthetic capacity in relation to leaf rank on stems is observed which is interpreted by ageing and shading effects within the canopy. Seasonal variations of the canopy CO2 assimilation rate is explained in relation to variations of leaf area index and canopy nitrogen content. Despite low nitrogen content or low leaf area index, maximum canopy net photosynthesis was high (24 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1 for LAI = 1.5). The high photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency exhibited by leaves of humid savanna grass species is a major attribute explaining high photosynthetic rates of the grass canopy in this environment. This result sustains the emerging opinion that tropical savannas could be highly productive despite the generally low nutrient status they experience.

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