Human urotensin-II enhances plasma extravasation in specific vascular districts in Wistar rats

Plasma extravasation (PE) was measured in adult Wistar rats by injecting Evans blue dye (EB) (20 mg kg–1) intravenously in the absence or presence of human urotensin II (U-II) (0.1–10 nmol kg–1). A consistent increase of PE was observed in specific organs (e.g., aorta, from 28.1 ± 2.4 to 74.6 ± 3.6 µg EB g–1 dry tissue; P < 0.001) after an administration of 4.0 nmol kg–1 (a preselected optimal dose) of U-II. The effects of U-II (4.0 nmol kg–1) were compared with those of endothelin-1 (ET-1) (1.0 nmol kg–1). In the thoracic aorta and pancreas, U-II was active, while ET-1 was not. The two agents were equivalent in the heart and kidney, whereas, in the duodenum, ET-1 was more active than U-II. Increases of plasma extravasation induced by U-II, but not by ET-1, were reduced after treatment with [Orn8]U-II (0.3 µmol kg–1). This latter antagonist did not show any significant residual agonistic activity in vivo in the rat. Other specific receptor antagonists for ET-1, such as BQ-123 (endothelin type A (ETA) receptor) and BQ-788 (endothelin type B (ETB) receptor), and for the platelet activating factor (PAF), such as BN50730, failed to modify the action of U-II. The present study is the first report describing the modulator roles of U-II on vascular permeability in specific organs. Moreover, the action of U-II appears specific, since it is independent of the ET-1 and PAF signalling pathways.Key words: urotensin-II, receptors antagonists, Evans blue dye, vascular permeability, rats.

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Effect of platelet-activating factor on airway vascular permeability: possible mechanisms

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1987.63.2.479 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 479-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

T. W. Evans ◽

K. F. Chung ◽

D. F. Rogers ◽

P. J. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Vascular Permeability ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Base Line ◽

Plasma Extravasation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Evans Blue Extravasation

We studied the effects of the potent inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF), on vascular permeability in airways (and other tissues) of guinea pigs by measuring extravasation of circulating Evans blue dye. PAF caused a dose-dependent increase in vascular permeability. At 1 ng/kg iv, PAF caused an increase in Evans blue extravasation of 220% (P less than 0.05) in the trachea, with the greatest effect at a dose of 100 ng/kg (858%; P less than 0.01). Histamine (150 micrograms/kg iv) caused a 320% increase over base line in the trachea and 200% in main bronchi; this effect was equivalent to that induced by 10 ng/kg PAF in the trachea and 1 ng/kg in main bronchi. The duration of effect of PAF was greatest in main bronchi (less than 10 min). Platelet depletion with a cytotoxic antibody, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, or the cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW 7556, did not affect the vascular permeability response to PAF. The PAF-receptor antagonist, BN 52063, inhibited Evans blue extravasation in the airways in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition at 5 mg/kg. Thus PAF-induced airway vascular leakage is mediated by specific receptors but not by products of arachidonic acid metabolism or by platelets. Increased airway microvascular leakage induced by PAF may lead to plasma extravasation and airway edema, factors that may contribute to the airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness induced by PAF.

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Evans Blue Dye as an in vivo marker of myofibre damage: optimising parameters for detecting initial myofibre membrane permeability

Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.1046/j.0021-8782.2001.00008.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 200 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 190

Author(s):

P. W. Hamer ◽

J. M. McGeachie ◽

M. J. Davies ◽

M. D. Grounds

Keyword(s):

Membrane Permeability ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Evans Blue Dye

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Spatial comparison between wall shear stress measures and porcine arterial endothelial permeability

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00897.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (5) ◽

pp. H1916-H1922 ◽

Cited By ~ 257

Author(s):

Heather A. Himburg ◽

Deborah M. Grzybowski ◽

Andrew L. Hazel ◽

Jeffrey A. LaMack ◽

Xue-Mei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Endothelial Permeability ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Evans Blue Dye ◽

Wall Shear ◽

And Function

A better understanding of how hemodynamic factors affect the integrity and function of the vascular endothelium is necessary to appreciate more fully how atherosclerosis is initiated and promoted. A novel technique is presented to assess the relation between fluid dynamic variables and the permeability of the endothelium to macromolecules. Fully anesthetized, domestic swine were intravenously injected with the albumin marker Evans blue dye, which was allowed to circulate for 90 min. After the animals were euthanized, silicone casts were made of the abdominal aorta and its iliac branches. Pulsatile flow calculations were subsequently made in computational regions derived from the casts. The distribution of the calculated time-dependent wall shear stress in the external iliac branches was directly compared on a point-by-point basis with the spatially varying in vivo uptake of Evans blue dye in the same arteries. The results indicate that in vivo endothelial permeability to albumin decreases with increasing time-average shear stress over the normal range. Additionally, endothelial permeability increases slightly with oscillatory shear index.

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Correlation between evans blue dye and radiolabeled albumin in guinea pig airways in vivo

Journal of Pharmacological Methods ◽

10.1016/0160-5402(89)90068-5 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

Duncan F. Rogers ◽

Piera Boschetto ◽

Peter J. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Evans Blue Dye

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Injection of Evans blue dye to fluorescently label and image intact vasculature

BioTechniques ◽

10.2144/btn-2020-0152 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel E Honeycutt ◽

Lori L O'Brien

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Vascular Networks ◽

Fluorescent Properties ◽

Evans Blue Dye ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Disease Understanding

Blood vessels perform critical functions in both health and disease. Understanding how vessels form, pattern and respond to damage is essential. However, labeling and imaging the vasculature to ascertain these properties can be difficult and time-consuming. Here, the authors present a novel methodology for rapidly and efficiently labeling whole vascular networks in vivo by exploiting the fluorescent properties of Evans blue. By combining the labeling with fluorescence microscopy, this method enables visualization of whole tissue vasculature for a fraction of the time and cost compared with traditional methods.

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Sustained laryngeal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation inhibits mechanically induced swallowing in anesthetized rats

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00082.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (3) ◽

pp. G412-G419

Author(s):

Midori Yoshihara ◽

Takanori Tsujimura ◽

Taku Suzuki ◽

Kouta Nagoya ◽

Naru Shiraishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Permeability ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Transient Receptor Potential ◽

Air Flow ◽

Receptor Potential ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽

Evans Blue Dye ◽

Capsaicin Application ◽

Transient Receptor

Although a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) inhibitor or TRPV1-expressed neuronal inhibitor significantly inhibited HCl/capsaicin-evoked swallowing, air flow-induced swallowing was not affected. The number of air flow-induced swallows was significantly reduced within 60 min of TRPV1 activation. Evans blue dye concentration in the larynx increased 60 min after capsaicin application. TPRV1 activation not only desensitizes TRPV1 but also inactivates mechanoreceptors caused by increases in vascular permeability and edema.

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Neuropeptide Y inhibits neurogenic inflammation in guinea pig airways

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1993.75.1.103 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. Takahashi ◽

M. Ichinose ◽

H. Yamauchi ◽

M. Miura ◽

N. Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance P ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Evans Blue ◽

Neurogenic Inflammation ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Plasma Extravasation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Evans Blue Dye ◽

Exogenous Substance

We examined the effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on neurogenic airway microvascular leakage. Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (250–350 g) were anesthetized with urethan (2 g/kg ip). The cervical artery and vein were cannulated for monitoring blood pressure and injecting drugs, respectively. Atropine and propranolol (each 1 mg/kg i.v.) were administered 30 min before the experiment. After pretreatment with saline (vehicle for NPY) or NPY (1–100 micrograms/kg i.v.), Evans blue dye (30 mg/kg iv) was administered. Then, bilateral vagal nerves were electrically stimulated (5 V, 7 Hz, 5-ms duration for 3 min) to induce airway plasma leakage. Airways were divided into four sections [trachea (Tr), main bronchi, central intrapulmonary airways (IPA), and peripheral IPA] and incubated in formamide (37 degrees C for 16 h). The concentration of Evans blue dye was measured by spectrophotometer. Furthermore, we examined the effect of NPY on exogenous substance P- (0.3 microgram/kg i.v.) induced plasma extravasation. Bilateral vagal stimulation significantly increased leakage of dye in Tr to peripheral IPA. NPY did not affect basal leakage but did significantly inhibit neurogenic plasma extravasation in a dose-dependent manner with maximal inhibitions of 42.3 (Tr), 67.7 (main bronchi), 38.2 (central IPA), and 26.3% (peripheral IPA) at 30 micrograms/kg. Exogenous substance P-induced plasma extravasation was not inhibited by NPY. We conclude that NPY inhibits neurogenic inflammation by prejunctional inhibition of neuropeptide release from airway sensory nerve terminals.

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