Chemical Variability and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Leaf Essential Oil from Ivorian Isolona dewevrei (De Wild. & T. Durand) Engl. & Diels

The chemical variability and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil from Ivorian Isolona dewevrei were investigated for the first time. Forty-seven oil samples were analyzed using a combination of CC, GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C-NMR, thus leading to the identification of 113 constituents (90.8–98.9%). As the main components varied drastically from sample to sample, the 47 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical cluster and principal components analyses. Three distinct groups, each divided into two subgroups, were evidenced. Subgroup I−A was dominated by (Z)-β-ocimene, β-eudesmol, germacrene D and (E)-β-ocimene, while (10βH)-1β,8β-oxido-cadina-4-ene, santalenone, trans-α-bergamotene and trans-β-bergamotene were the main compounds of Subgroup I−B. The prevalent constituents of Subgroup II−A were germacrene B, (E)-β-caryophyllene, (5αH,10βMe)-6,12-oxido-elema-1,3,6,11(12)-tetraene and γ-elemene. Subgroup II−B displayed germacrene B, germacrene D and (Z)-β-ocimene as the majority compounds. Germacrene D was the most abundant constituent of Group III, followed in Subgroup III−A by (E)-β-caryophyllene, (10βH)-1β,8β-oxido-cadina-4-ene, germacrene D-8-one, and then in Subgroup III−B by (Z)-β-ocimene and (E)-β-ocimene. The observed qualitative and quantitative chemical variability was probably due to combined factors, mostly phenology and season, then harvest site to a lesser extent. The lipoxygenase inhibition by a leaf oil sample was also evaluated. The oil IC50 (0.020 ± 0.005 mg/mL) was slightly higher than the non-competitive lipoxygenase inhibitor NDGA IC50 (0.013 ± 0.003 mg/mL), suggesting a significant in vitro anti-inflammatory potential.

The Potential of Acetylfuran and Furfural from Tamarindus indica as Lipoxygenase Inhibitor: In Silico Study

Background: Tamarindus indica is a type of plant sub-family Caesalpinioideae, which is predicted to have anti-inflammatory properties. When inflammation occurs, arachidonic acid will undergo metabolism, the LOX pathway will release 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the potential of acetylfuran and furfural compounds on LOX action. Methods: The compound Acetylfuran (CID 14505), Furfural (CID 7362) were downloaded from the PubChem database. The 5-LOX protein was obtained from PDB (6N2W), preparation by removing ligands and molecules that bind to Discovery Studio V19.1.0.18287. Compound and protein interactions have interacted with the Vina autodock software integrated into the PyRX software and analyzed by Discovery Studio V19.1.0.18287. Results: The results showed that the content of Acetylfuran and Furfural compounds in Tamarindus indica is predicted to have the potential as an inhibitor of the LOX gene on different amino acid residues, namely 3 amino acid residues and 4 amino acid residues, respectively and produce binding energy. In addition, van der Waals forces, hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds were found, giving the strength of the bonds formed. Conclusion: Bioactive acetylfuran and furfural have the potential as a drug to curve inflammation in the human body.

Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines as Anti-Inflammatory Agents

The five-membered heterocyclic group of pyrazoles/pyrazolines plays important role in drug discovery. Pyrazoles and pyrazolines present a wide range of biological activities. The synthesis of the pyrazolines and pyrazole derivatives was accomplished via the condensation of the appropriate substituted aldehydes and acetophenones, suitable chalcones and hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol in the presence of drops of glacial acetic acid. The compounds are obtained in good yields 68–99% and their structure was confirmed using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The novel derivatives were studied in vitro for their antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation (AAPH) activities and inhibitory activity of lipoxygenase. Both classes strongly inhibit lipid peroxidation. Compound 2g was the most potent lipoxygenase inhibitor (IC50 = 80 µM.) The inhibition of the carrageenin-induced paw edema (CPE) and nociception was also determined, with compounds 2d and 2e being the most potent. Compound 2e inhibited nociception higher than 2d. Pyrazoline 2d was found to be active in a preliminary test, for the investigation of anti-adjuvant-induced disease (AID) activity. Pyrazoline derivatives were found to be more potent than pyrazoles. Docking studies of the most potent LOX inhibitor 2g highlight hydrophobic interactions with VAL126, PHE143, VAL520 and LYS526 and a halogen bond between the chlorine atom and ARG182.

Lipoxygenase in Wheat: Genetic Control and Impact on Stability of Lutein and Lutein Esters

Preservation of lutein concentrations in wheat-based end-products during processing is important both for product quality and nutritional value. A key constituent involved in lutein degradation is endogenous lipoxygenase. Lutein and lutein ester concentrations were compared at intervals during storage of noodle sheets prepared from flour of wheat varieties representing a range in lipoxygenase activity, as well as in different mill streams and in different grain tissues. Higher lipoxygenase concentration was associated with an increased loss of free lutein and lutein mono-esters whereas lutein diesters appeared to be more resistant to degradation. Lutein degradation was reduced in the presence of a lipoxygenase inhibitor, when noodle sheets were heated to destroy enzyme activity or when pH was increased. In addition, three populations were used to investigate the genetic control of lipoxygenase. A previously reported mutation of Lpx-B1.1 was associated with a reduction in activity from high to intermediate whilst a new locus on chromosome 4D was associated with variation between intermediate and near-zero. The gene underlying the 4D locus is a putative lipoxygenase. Stability of lutein could be improved by deployment of the mutations at the 4B and 4D loci and/or by post-harvest storage of grain under conditions that promote esterification.

In silico study: Potential prediction of Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus essential oil as Lipoxygenase inhibitor

Inflammation is the human body response by the injure as a results the inflammation will release LOX. To curve the conditions we use the bioactive from the nature are essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus because has a potential has pharmacologist activity. The purpose of this research to investigate the role essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus through LOX gene. Several chemical substances, including 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, camphor, eugenol, curzerene and isoborneol were retrivied from PubChem database. The PyRx 0.8 was used to minimize and convert the sdf file to pdb format file of ligands. Those compounds were predicted their interaction using STITCH online server. Ligands and protein were docked by HEX Cuda 8.0.0 program, 3D and 2D views were evaluated using Discovery studio ver.19.0.0 and LigPlot+ ver 2.2, respectively. We found fourteen amino acid residues from LOX which bound the chemical compounds. Those interaction was supported by hydrogen bond with variety energy binding. To sum up, the essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus has a potential function as inhibitor LOX by inhibiting fourteen active side of the LOX gene.

In silico study: Potential prediction of Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus essential oil as Lipoxygenase inhibitor

Inflammation is the human body response by the injure as a results the inflammation will release LOX. To curve the conditions we use the bioactive from the nature are essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus because has a potential has pharmacologist activity. The purpose of this research to investigate the role essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus through LOX gene. Several chemical substances, including 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, camphor, eugenol, curzerene and isoborneol were retrivied from PubChem database. The PyRx 0.8 was used to minimize and convert the sdf file to pdb format file of ligands. Those compounds were predicted their interaction using STITCH online server. Ligands and protein were docked by HEX Cuda 8.0.0 program, 3D and 2D views were evaluated using Discovery studio ver.19.0.0 and LigPlot+ ver 2.2, respectively. We found fourteen amino acid residues from LOX which bound the chemical compounds. Those interaction was supported by hydrogen bond with variety energy binding. To sum up, the essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus has a potential function as inhibitor LOX by inhibiting fourteen active side of the LOX gene.