VOLUME–PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TURKEY AORTA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwood W. Speckmann ◽  
Robert K. Ringer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Blood Pressure Range ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

This experiment was an attempt to define the volume–pressure relationships of the untreated turkey aorta and to evaluate the effect on these relationships of treatment with beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and ascorbic acid. Distensibility values (ΔV/ΔP) were calculated for each of three linear segments of the volume–pressure curve for treated and untreated thoracic and abdominal aortas. In general, the distensibility of the thoracic aorta was greater than that of the abdominal aorta. In both aortic segments addition of BAPN to the ration tended to increase, whereas the addition of ascorbic acid tended to decrease distensibility. The volume–pressure curve of the thoracic aorta was sigmoid in nature and demonstrated the greatest distensibility in the normal physiological systolic blood pressure range of the male Broad Breasted Bronze turkey. Both aortic segments exhibited hysteresis and an isobaric volume change upon successive loading. These phenomena decreased in magnitude with successive loadings.

Hypotensive Hemostatis (Permissive Hypotension) for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Are We Really in Control?

Vascular ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adam van der Vliet ◽  
Dennis L. van Aalst ◽  
Leo J. Schultze Kool ◽  
Jan J. Wever ◽  
Jan D. Blankensteijn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Permissive Hypotension ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Blood Pressure Range ◽  
Aneurysm Repair

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a protocol for permissive hypotension was feasible for patients admitted with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA). It was aimed to limit prehospital intravenous fluid administration to 500 mL and to maintain systolic blood pressure at a range of 50 to 100 mm Hg following admission, using nitrates when indicated. The diagnosis of RAAA was confirmed with sonography, and all patients with uncontrolled hypovolemic shock immediately underwent open aneurysm repair (OAR). In all other cases, computed tomographic (CT) angiography was performed to determine the eligibility for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). From January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2006, 95 patients with a suspected RAAA were admitted. In 77 patients, the diagnosis of RAAA was confirmed. Twenty-eight cases (36%) underwent OAR for uncontrolled hemodynamic instability. Following CT-angiographic evaluation, 25 of the remaining 49 cases were considered unsuitable for EVAR and subsequently underwent OAR. In 24 of 77 cases (31%), the RAAA was treated with EVAR. Preoperative systolic blood pressure recordings in EVAR patients showed median values (± SD) of 98 (± 34.7) mm Hg in the emergency department and 114 (± 26.2) mm Hg in the operating theater. The desired systolic blood pressure range of 50 to 100 mm Hg was reached in 11 of 24 cases (46%). In 13 of 24 cases (54%), a systolic blood pressure higher than 100 mm Hg was recorded for a period longer than 60 minutes. The 30-day mortality was 32 of 77 (42%), with 6 of 24 (25%) in the EVAR group and 26 of 53 (49%) in the OAR group. This is the first published series of RAAA in which a protocol of permissive hypotension has been adopted. The concept appeared to be feasible in the majority of cases. Protocol violations were sparse ( n = 5). Uncontrolled hypotension occurred in 36% (28 of 77) of all patients, and the desired systolic blood pressure range was achieved in 46% (11 of 24) of the EVAR patients.

STATIC ELASTIC MODULUS OF THE TURKEY AORTA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwood W. Speckmann ◽  
Robert K. Ringer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressure Range ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

A method was described for the determination of the static elastic modulus for thoracic and abdominal aortas of the turkey. Love's equation was rearranged for calculation of the static elastic modulus as a function of volume. The elastic moduli of thoracic and abdominal aortas of untreated mature male Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys were in the neighborhood of 2.26 ± 0.11 and 9.55 ± 0.30 × 105 dynes/cm2 respectively in the normal physiological systolic blood pressure range. This difference became more pronounced at higher pressures. The data obtained support the concept that different connective tissue elements are primarily responsible for the elastic properties of arterial blood vessels at different pressure ranges. The addition of beta-amino-propionitrile (BAPN) to the ration tended to decrease, whereas the addition of ascorbic acid to the ration tended to elevate the elastic modulus. Reserpine fed in conjunction with BAPN in the ration did not correct the lowering action of BAPN on the elastic moduli of abdominal or thoracic aortas. Heat tended to elevate the elastic modulus of the aorta. Again, these effects became more significant at elevated pressures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Optimal Diastolic Blood Pressure Range Among Adults With Treated Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 130 mm Hg

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e2037554
Author(s):  
Jingen Li ◽  
Virend K. Somers ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Jianqing Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Blood Pressure Range

scholarly journals Intraoperative Systolic Blood Pressure Variability Predicts 30-day Mortality in Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Aronson ◽  
Mark Stafford-Smith ◽  
Barbara Phillips-Bute ◽  
Andrew Shaw ◽  
Jeffrey Gaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Aortocoronary Bypass ◽  
Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Blood Pressure Range

Background Few data support an association between blood pressure variability and clinical outcomes during cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis that intraoperative systolic blood pressure variability outside a targeted blood pressure range predicts 30-day mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Electronically captured blood pressure data from 7,504 consecutive coronary bypass surgery procedures between September 1, 1996, and December 31, 2005, were divided into development and validation cohorts. Systolic blood pressure variability episodes outside a blood pressure range (e.g., higher than 135 or lower than 95 mmHg) were characterized by number of episodes, magnitude of episode, duration of episode, and magnitude x duration of excursion (i.e., area under the curve). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess 30-day mortality association. The most predictive mortality risk characteristic and blood pressure range was tested in the validation cohort. Results A total of 3.1 million intraoperative blood pressure evaluations were analyzed. Systolic blood pressure variability was derived in 5,038 patients and validated in 2,466 patients (8% without cardiopulmonary bypass and 6% with valve procedure). Among all tested indices of blood pressure variability, mean duration of systolic excursion (outside a range of 105-130 mmHg) was most predictive of 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 1.03 per minute, 95% CI 1.02-1.39, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Intraoperative blood pressure variability is associated with 30-day postoperative mortality in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery.

Relationship between blood pressure and organ weight in the rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin J. Fregly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Blood Pressure Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Range

A relationship exists between systolic blood pressure and the organ to body weight ratios of heart, thyroid, adrenals, and kidneys. In the cases of heart, thyroid, and adrenals, the relationship is sigmoid in character, with the fast-rising portion of the curve beginning at a systolic blood pressure range of 150–159 mm Hg. Beginning at this same blood pressure range, kidney weight ratio increases linearly with increases in blood pressure. It is of interest that these changes occur at a blood pressure range which is generally considered to lie either at the high range of normotension or the low range of hypertension. The only organ weight ratio apparently unrelated to systolic blood pressure level is that of the testis. Some interrelationships among weight ratios of these organs were observed and are discussed.

Ascorbic acid increases cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity in healthy older men

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. H2113-H2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Monahan ◽  
Iratxe Eskurza ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) declines with advancing age in healthy men. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes mechanistically to this age-associated reduction. Eight young (23 ± 1 yrs, means ± SE) and seven older (63 ± 3) healthy men were studied. Cardiovagal BRS was assessed using the modified Oxford technique (bolus infusion of 50–100 μg sodium nitroprusside, followed 60 s later by a 100- to 150-μg bolus of phenylephrine hydrochloride) in triplicate at baseline and during acute intravenous ascorbic acid infusion. At baseline, cardiovagal BRS (slope of the linear portion of the R-R interval-systolic blood pressure relation during pharmacological changes in arterial blood pressure) was 56% lower ( P < 0.01) in older (8.3 ± 1.6 ms/mmHg) compared with young (19.0 ± 3.1 ms/mmHg) men. Ascorbic acid infusion increased plasma concentrations similarly in young (62 ± 9 vs. 1,249 ± 72 μmol/l for baseline and during ascorbic acid; P < 0.05) and older men (62 ± 4 vs. 1,022 ± 55 μmol/l; P < 0.05) without affecting baseline blood pressure, heart rate, carotid artery compliance, or the magnitude of change in systolic blood pressure in response to bolus sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine hydrochloride infusion. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) infusion increased cardiovagal BRS in older (Δ58 ± 16%; P < 0.01), but not younger (Δ − 4 ± 4%) men. These data provide experimental support for the concept that oxidative stress contributes mechanistically to age-associated reductions in cardiovagal BRS in healthy men.

Regional differences in vasculotoxic effects of cyclosporin in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Verbeke ◽  
Leo de Ridder ◽  
Johan Van de Voorde ◽  
Norbert Lameire
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Relaxation Responses ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
And Control

Studies on cyclosporin-induced vasculotoxicity often yielded discrepant results, possibly as a result of differences in study protocols. The aim of the present study was to analyse cyclosporin-induced vasculotoxicity in arteries of different size and origin. Therefore, rats were treated with cyclosporin, 20 mg∙kg−1∙day−1, by gastric gavage for 10 days. In our previous studies, this treatment schedule induced renal functional impairment in vivo and an impaired relaxation response of thoracic aortic rings in vitro. Relaxation of various arteries (thoracic and abdominal aorta and carotid, renal, and interlobar arteries) from cyclosporin-treated and control rats in response to endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators was analysed. The thoracic aorta showed diminished endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations; in the abdominal aorta no impairment was observed. Moreover, the dysfunction of the thoracic aorta seemed to be homogeneous along its length and showed an abrupt termination at the level of the diaphragm. In all other segments studied, no impairment of the relaxation responses was found. A similar pattern of vascular damage was found in rats treated with a very toxic cyclosporin treatment (50 mg∙kg−1∙day−1 s.c. × 7 days). The results indicate regional differences in cyclosporin-induced vasculotoxicity. The thoracic aorta, and in view of the fall of the renal blood flow, most likely also the renal resistance vessels, could be more susceptible than other vessels to cyclosporin-induced vascular dysfunction.Key words: cyclosporin, rat, arteries, vasorelaxation.

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