Effects of early growth conditions on body composition, allometry, and survival in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dmitriew ◽  
J. Carroll ◽  
L. Rowe

During both the larval and adult stages, the ladybird beetles Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) feed primarily on aphids, populations of which may fluctuate dramatically in time and space. Harmonia axyridis were reared under three resource treatments: high, low, and improving. We predicted that beetles experiencing consistently poor larval conditions would allocate limited resources to dispersal traits (by increasing relative wing surface area and fat storage), whereas larvae facing good or improving conditions were predicted to allocate preferentially to reproductive traits. As predicted, beetles reared at low food had lower wing loading and stored more fat than individuals reared at consistently high food. When conditions were initially poor but improved during development, body size was reduced relative to the high food treatment, though wing area scaled similarly. Allocation of fat and protein was dependent on both sex and treatment. Females in improving conditions stored less fat, and males less protein, relative to low food conditions. This is suggestive of a trade-off between reproduction and dispersal that is resolved differently between the sexes. Unexpectedly, adult survival under starvation was not appreciably affected by larval growth conditions, although males lived about 10 days longer, on average.

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Séverin Hatt ◽  
Naoya Osawa

While insect predators need high-quality food to reach sexual maturity and reproduce, starvation following adult eclosion may occur when prey are missing in agroecosystems. This study explores whether the type of diet available at eclosion determines the future fecundity of newly emerged adult predators. In a laboratory experiment, three different diets (i.e., flowers of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller as prey, or no food) were offered to adult females of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas during their first three days after adult eclosion. On the fourth day, each female was paired with a prey-fed male and the pair was subsequently fed with prey. Diet at eclosion did not affect pre-oviposition time, the number of eggs oviposited daily, or the viability of egg batches. High variability in pre-oviposition time among females was observed for all diets. Significant negative linear relationships were found between pre-oviposition time and both the number of eggs oviposited daily and the viability of egg batches. This study clarifies that the food readily available at adult eclosion does not affect the capacity of H. axyridis to reproduce, provided that adults find prey within a few days. More generally, it shows that the reproductive traits of H. axyridis allow this generalist predator to be highly adapted to heterogenous environments in its native range. It is concluded that the variety of habitats offered by diversified agroecosystems may highly benefit the ladybird beetle H. axyridis, and potentially enhance its ability to biologically regulate crop pests.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-519
Author(s):  
Е. Б. ЛОПАТИНА ◽  
◽  
С. Я. РЕЗНИК ◽  
А. Н ОВЧИННИКОВ ◽  
А. А. ОВЧИННИКОВА ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Adachi-Hagimori ◽  
Manabu Shibao ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
Tomokazu Seko ◽  
Kazuki Miura

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Bruno Piotrovski Begha ◽  
Jana Magaly Tesserolli de Souza ◽  
Carlos Henrique Antunes ◽  
Julianne Milléo

Resumo. Uma análise sobre a flutuação populacional da entomofauna associada a culturas de interesse econômico pode fornecer subsídios para o manejo integrado de pragas. Dentre os grupos economicamente relevantes podemos citar os coccinelídeos, conhecidos por serem predadores naturais de pragas agrícolas como afídeos. O presente trabalho se faz necessário visto que os Campos Gerais ainda carecem de dados sobre Coccinellidae relacionados a pomares de árvores frutíferas. O estudo foi realizado no pomar do Colégio Agrícola Estadual Augusto Ribas (Ponta Grossa-PR) de julho de 2004 a junho de 2006. As coletas foram feitas usando cada espécie do pomar, sendo elas agrupadas em dois grupos: cítricas e decíduas. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) foi a espécie mais representativa na amostragem, compreendendo 38,35 % das coletas. as árvores cítricas apresentaram o maior número de insetos totalizando 82,19% da amostragem. É pertinente sugerir que a presença da H. axyridis pode ter afetado a diversidade da comunidade local, sendo ela uma espécie invasora e considerada uma melhor competidora. As árvores cítricas se apresentaram como as mais diversas. Podemos atribuir essa distribuição a maior presença de afídeos nas árvores cítricas, que foram atraídos pelos óleos voláteis secretados por essas plantas. No período final da amostragem houve uma queda populacional, que pode ser atribuída a condições climáticas desfavoráveis, e consequente redução a abundância dos afídeos presa e dos próprios coccinelídeos. Uma maior quantidade de recursos de presa permitiria que mais espécies de joaninhas coexistissem sem competir fortemente. Uma pesquisa futura poderia comparar situação da comunidade, analisando a influência da H. axyridis nas espécies locais.Diversity and seasonality of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in an orchard in the city of Ponta Grossa, ParanáAbstract. An analysis of the population fluctuation of entomofauna associated with crops of economic interest can provide subsidies for integrated pest management. Among the economically relevant groups we can mention the Coccinellidae, known to include natural predators of agricultural pests such as aphids. The present work is necessary since Parana's Campos Gerais still lack data on Coccinellidae related to orchards of fruit trees. The study was conducted in the orchard of Augusto Ribas State Agricultural College (Ponta Grossa-PR) from July 2004 to June 2006. Samples were collected from each species of the orchard, grouped into two groups: citrus and deciduous. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) was the most representative species in the sample, comprising 38.35% of the collections. Citrus trees had the highest number of insects totaling 82.19% of the sample. It is pertinent to suggest that the presence of H. axyridis may have affected the diversity of the local community, being an invasive species and considered a better competitor. The citrus trees presented themselves as the most diverse. We can attribute this contribution to the greater presence of aphids in the citrus trees, which were attracted by the volatile oils secreted by these plants. In the final period of sampling there was a decrease in population size, which can be attributed to unfavorable climatic conditions, and consequent reduction in the abundance of prey aphids and of the coccinellids themselves. A greater amount of prey resources would allow more species of ladybugs to coexist without competing strongly. A future research could compare community situation by analyzing the influence of H. axyridis on local species.


Author(s):  
Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia ◽  
Emilia Peñaherrera-Romero

AbstractHarmonia axyridis is a ladybird extensively used around the world for biological control of agricultural pest. However, it has become invasive in several countries, producing negative ecological and socio-economic impacts. Herein, we review the invasion history of the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) in Ecuador. Although first reported in Ecuador in 2012, museum specimens date back to 2004 and it is currently established across the country, especially along the Andean region. Due to its invasive nature, further studies are urgently needed to evaluate possible impacts of H. axyridis on the Ecuadorian biodiversity and agroindustry.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
I Made Tasma

<p>Traits that control time of flowering and<br />maturity in soybean determine harvesting time of a soybean<br />cultivar. In Indonesia, early maturing soybean cultivars are<br />important at short period growing seasons due to the water<br />shortage in dry planting season. Shorter period of growing<br />season would increase the crop harvest index. Genetic<br />diversity of the present soybean germplasm collection is<br />low. Diversity improvement through introduction from<br />countries with four seasons faced difficulty due to<br />differences in growth adaptability. Technology for developing<br />germplasm with a broader adaptation will facilitate<br />germplasm movement from a more diverse environmental<br />growth. The objective of this review was to describe how<br />the time of flowering and maturity are controlled in soybean.<br />The review is supported by flowering time mechanism of<br />the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as the genetics of<br />flowering time has been intensively studied in this model<br />plant. Transition from vegetative to reproductive development<br />is the outcome of the activation of genes responsible<br />for floral organ formation. Initial activation is generally the<br />result of environmental cues indicating the appropriate time<br />to flower. Studies from Arabidopsis showed that transition<br />from vegetative to reproductive stage is complex involving<br />many genes and several genetic pathways. In soybean, time<br />of flowering and maturity are controlled by at least nine<br />genes, E1 to E8 and Dt1. The genes interact with daylength<br />and temperature. Major and minor QTLs controlling the<br />traits were identified using various mapping populations.<br />The major QTLs were detected at various populations with<br />diverse genetic backgrounds tested at diverse environmenttal<br />conditions. Some of the QTLs were associated with the E<br />genes and some others were not. Several Arabidopsis<br />flowering gene homologous sequences were also mapped<br />on the soybean genome. The E gene markers and the QTLs<br />with large effect for reproductive traits are breeder targets<br />for breeding and development of soybean photoperiod<br />insensitive germplasm. Genes for flowering time isolated<br />from Arabidopsis can be used to develop transgenic<br />soybean with broader adaptation. Technology for development<br />of soybean germplasm with broader adaptation will<br />facilitate the soybean germplasm movement from diverse<br />environmental growth conditions to support systematic and<br />sustainable national soybean breeding programs.</p>


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