ROW-TYPE OVIPOSITION IN NEODIPRION SAWFLIES AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, N. SERTIFER (GEOFF.)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Ghent
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Antennal Movement ◽  
Leg Movements

Many Neodiprion sawflies lay their eggs in a row in small pockets cut into the edges of the mature needles of various pines. These rows of eggs are remarkable for the regularity of the spacing between successive egg pockets. The regularity of egg spacing by N. sertifer is shown to arise from a stereotyped pattern of leg movements during the shift between the sites of successive egg pockets. Spacing is effected by two sets of leg movements, in each of which the three pairs of legs move forward in order from back to front. While the effective forward movement of all legs is the same, the total forward movement of the metathoracic legs is greater than that of the other legs by an amount equal to the length of an egg pocket. The metathoracic legs retrace their steps by this length as the initial incision for each new egg pocket is cut, evidently providing the force by which this incision is made. The grip-points of the legs are on the needle edge opposite to that receiving eggs, so that the wider the needle, the greater the proportion of leg length required to reach across it, and the smaller the proportion of leg movement reflected in the spacing between eggs. In this way egg spacing varies inversely with needle width. Observations on copulation, antennal movement, and related oviposition behavior are included.

Observations on the Development of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) within the Cocoon (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 994-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons ◽  
K. J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
The One ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Taxonomic Categories

In Neodiprion sawflies the cocoon stage, which extends from the completion of larval feeding until the appearance of the adult, is of considerable ecological interest. On the basis of voltinism and the seasonal occurrence of the cocoon stage, the genus as a whole may be divided into two distinct groups, which, however, do not correspond to the two major taxonomic categories of Ross (1955). On the one hand are species that overwinter only within the cocoon (e.g. swainei, lecontei, virginianus, excitans, and others); these may or may not have more than one generation per year. On the other hand are species that overwinter primarily in the egg stage (e.g. sertifer, pratti, abietis, taedae, and others); all of these are univoltine and may remain within the cocoon for an extended period in the summer, when conditions are still favourable for further generations. The European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), is typical in this respect. Despite its wide distribution in Eurasia and North America, and the variety of climates that it encounters, the length of the cocoon stage is so adjusted that adults do not emerge until late summer or early autumn, regardless of when larval feeding and cocoon spinning occurred.

The Co-Ordination of Insect Movements

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-333
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Leg Movements

I. The effects of limb amputation and the cutting of commissures on the movements of the cockroach Blatta orientalis have been investigated with the aid of cinematography. Detailed analyses of changes in posture and rhythm of leg movements are given. 2. It is shown that quite marked changes occur following the amputation of a single leg or the cutting of a single commissure between the thoracic ganglia. 3. Changes following the amputation of a single leg are immediate and are such that the support normally provided by the missing leg is taken over by the two remaining legs on that side. Compensatory movements are also found in the contralateral legs. 4. When two legs of opposite sides are amputated it has been confirmed that the diagonal sequence tends to be adopted, but this is not invariably true. Besides alterations in the rhythm which this may involve, there are again adaptive modifications in the movements of the limbs with respect to the body. 5. When both comrnissures between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia are cut, the hind pair of legs fall out of rhythm with the other four legs. The observations on the effects of cutting commissures stress the importance of intersegmental pathways in co-ordination. 6. It is shown that all modifications following the amputation of legs may be related to the altered mechanical conditions. Some of the important factors involved in normal co-ordination are discussed, and it is suggested that the altered movements would be produced by the operation of these factors under the new conditions. It is concluded that the sensory inflow to the central nervous system is of major importance in the co-ordination of normal movement.

scholarly journals PHOTIC STIMULATION AND LEG MOVEMENTS IN THE CRAYFISH

1933 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kropp ◽  
E. V. Enzmann
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Photic Stimulation ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Leg Movements

When Cambarus clarkii is exposed to a source of light so that both eyes are equally illuminated, leg movements of the two sides are equal in frequency and amplitude. On covering one eye and exposing the uncovered eye to light, leg movements on the side of the uncovered eye are more frequent and are of greater amplitude than on the side of the covered eye. On covering the exposed eye also the leg movements on the two sides again tend to become equal in frequency and amplitude. When one eye is lost and the other remains functional, the leg movements on the side of the lost eye will be similar to those on the side of a normal, covered eye.

scholarly journals Interactions between frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) and Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) in a tropical dry forest remnant in Valle del Cauca, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Montoya-Bustamante ◽  
Vladimir Rojas-Díaz ◽  
Alba Marina Torres-González
Keyword(s):  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
The Village

Coexistence of species from a trophic guild depends on the division and use of resources. In any ecosystem, fruits are resources that vary in time and space as well as in nutritional content. Therefore, the organisms that depend on them as a food source tend to show a certain degree of specialization. Understanding the factors that influence the dynamics of seed dispersal is important for the regeneration and conservation of tropical ecosystems. Our aim was to determine variation in consumption of <em>Piper tuberculatum </em>(pipilongo) by the fruit bat assemblages in the village of Robles (Jamundí, Valle del Cauca, Colombia). Pipilongo is a resource used not only by wildlife but also by people in the village of Robles. Bats were captured in mist nets between June and November 2014, their feces were collected, and the length of the forearm, wing area, leg length and weight were recorded. At the Universidad del Valle seed laboratory, fecal samples were washed, and their content determined. Of the 14 species captured, <em>Sturnira lilium, Carollia brevicauda, Carollia perspicillata</em> and <em>Artibeus lituratus</em> showed signs of having consumed <em>P. tuberculatum.</em> <em>Sturnira lilium</em> was the main consumer of <em>P. tuberculatum </em>fruits, with the greatest number of consumption events of fruit from this plant species, whereas the other bats showed more diversified consumption events. The greatest niche overlap was recorded between <em>C. brevicauda</em> and <em>C. perspicillata</em>, species that showed similar sizes (i.e., wing area and forearm length) followed by <em>S. lilium</em> and <em>C. perspicillata. </em>In contrast, <em>A. lituratus</em> showed the least niche overlap with the other three fruit bats captured. In conclusion, <em>Sturnira lilium</em> showed an interaction <em>Sturnira-Piper</em>, which is the result of low <em>Solanum</em> availability, and this bat species was the largest consumer of pipilongo in the region.

Effect of Step Platform Height on Stepping Efficiency in Children

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon Francis ◽  
Scott Hopkins ◽  
Ronald Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Work Load ◽  
The Other ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Leg Length

This study was conducted to determine if VO2, of stepping in children is affected by altering the step platform height based on leg length. The effect of leg length on VO2 and heart rate (HR) during stepping was examined in 19 children, ages 8–17, who stepped onto 5 different bench heights that corresponded to hip angles of 65°, 73°, 82°, 90°, or 98°. VO2 and HR response to a work load of 8 m · min−1 assumed a U-shaped curve with 82° assuming the lowest point of the curve. Efficiency of stepping was significantly higher at 82° when compared to the other hip angles. It was concluded that VO2 and HR in children is influenced by leg length during stepping, and there is an optimum step height for stepping that can be determined from the ratio of leg length to stature.

Monitoring European pine sawfly population densities with pheromone traps in young pine plantations

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa ◽  
Olle Anderbrant ◽  
Jan Löfqvist ◽  
Erik Hedenström ◽  
Hans-Erik Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

Altered polyphenol metabolism in the foliage of Pinus sylvestris associated with European pine sawfly attack

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart A. Thielges
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
General Response

Modified polyphenol metabolism in Pinus sylvestris was correlated with European pine sawfly attack. The unknown compound was not restricted to damaged tissue, indicating a more general response to injury.

CANDLING AND SIGHTING TECHNIQUES USED IN LASER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Kobylnyk
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Avian Eggs ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Zoology Department

Laser treatment of larval and pupal stages within cocoons of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) requires an accurate assessment of viability and the antero-posterior alignment of the cocoon content. The use of the candling technique to assess qualitative features of avian eggs depends on the translucency of the egg shell and the differences in light transmission by other elements within it (Romanoff and Romanoff 1949). Transmitted-light methods have been employed for insects within cocoons by Cushman (1913) and Hanna (1935). A type of candling technique different from previous methods and which was developed in the Zoology Department, University of Guelph, enables N. sertifer cocoon content to be ascertained and is herein described.

POTENTIAL OF ANTIFEEDANTS TO CONTROL LARVAL FEEDING OF SELECTED NEODIPRION SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. All ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Feeding Development ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractAntifeedants for controlling larval feeding of several Neodiprion sawflies were evaluated in laboratory and field studies. Nine commercially available insect antifeedants and a hexane extract of the juvenile foliage of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lambert, were tested on larvae of six species. In laboratory bioassays larvae exhibited varying sensitivity to antifeedants; generally species with monophagous or restricted oligophagous feeding habits were most sensitive. In the laboratory the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, had severely restricted feeding, development, survival, and fecundity. Triphenyltin hydroxide was toxic to N. swainei and to European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Geoffroy). In field tests certain antifeedants disrupted N. swainei feeding and development. The colonial behavior of larvae often was disrupted and solitary larvae fell from trees or wandered on twigs. Colony disruption by most antifeedants was temporary and many larvae resumed feeding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document