Feeding ecology of a population of nesting yellow warblers

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1670-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Busby ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
Dendroica Petechia ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The feeding ecology of a population of nesting yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) was studied on the Delta Beach Ridge, Manitoba, during the breeding seasons of 1975 and 1976. The total numbers and taxonomic composition of the arthropods available to yellow warblers fluctuated irregularly throughout both breeding seasons. Major changes in the arthropod fauna were due mainly to emergences of adult chironomids. Chironomidae was the most abundant group during both breeding seasons and comprised more than half of the available prey. Arthropods were more numerous in the lower vegetation (0.3–3.0 m) than in the upper vegetation (7.0–9.0 m).Adult chironomids were the chief prey, comprising 58 and 56% of the diet in 1975 and 1976, respectively. The diets of males and females were similar throughout the breeding seasons. The prey consumed by yellow warblers varied temporally and spatially according to the arthropods available; prey was taken in proportion to its availability.Foraging males and females partitioned the habitat with respect to tree species, foraging height, tree section, height of tree selected, foraging methods, and length of movements between foraging bouts.

The effects of moonlight on nocturnal activity in bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Topping ◽  
John S Millar ◽  
James A Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Light Level ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neotoma Cinerea ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The nocturnal activity of bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea) was monitored for two breeding seasons (1993 and 1994) in the Canadian Rockies. Radiotelemetry was used under three levels of moonlight to assess two measures of nocturnal activity: (i) the proportion of animals crossing rocky outcrops and entering the surrounding forest to forage, search for mates, or both, and (ii) the distance moved from the den site while in the forest. Males and females exhibited significant differences among moonlight levels, with greater activity on nights of intermediate-level moonlight and less activity on nights with bright or dark moonlight. There was no difference in the proportions of males and females active at any moonlight level. The distances moved from the den did not differ among moonlight levels for either males or females. Having traversed the rocks and entered the forest, individuals moved similar distances regardless of light level. These results suggest that wood rats respond to moonlight only when making the decision to cross rocks and enter the forest. This behaviour presumably serves to counteract the increased risk of predation on bright nights.

scholarly journals Environmental noise influences song frequency of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) in Grand Teton National Park

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Charles E. Taylor ◽  
Yi-Ju Wang ◽  
Martin L. Cody
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
National Park ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Dendroica Petechia ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Minimum Frequency ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Song Frequency

We explored how Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) alter their songs when encountering noise in Grand Teton National Park. Different strategies for avoiding signal masking are used by other species of birds, yet there is a lack of information of birds’ responses to higher noise levels–above 65 dB; such levels are often found in National Parks that have many visitors. In this study, we investigated singing behavior of Yellow Warblers when facing noise that ranged from 30 dB to 80 dB. In these preliminary results, we found that some features of Yellow Warblers did not appear to change with background noise level, including mean minimum frequency, bandwidth and song length. Other song features we studied did show small but statistically significant changes with higher background noise, including the peak frequency and the mean minimum frequency, both of which were significantly negatively correlated with the level of background noise. This result is different from the positive correlations that are typically observed. We speculate that this difference is due to the very high dB levels of background noise that we observed.   Featured photo bywagon16 on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/G2W6Bk

Antennal Sensilla of Chrysis shanghalensis (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), a Larval Ectoparasite of Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shu Z. Yang ◽  
Mei H. Yang ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Jin T. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Sensilla Basiconica ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Chrysis shanghalensis Smith (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) is an ectoparasitoid and important natural enemy of Monema flavescens Walker (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), a serious defoliator of a number of tree species. The external morphology of the antennal sensilla of this parasitoid was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and types and distribution of sensilla were recorded. The antennae of C. shanghalensis were geniculate in shape and composed of a scape with radicula, a pedicel, and a flagellum divided into 11 flagellomeres in males and females. Cuticular pore and 14 types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes. These included aporous Böhm's bristles, sensilla trichodea 1, 2, and 3 (nonporous), sensilla trichodea 4 (multiporous), two types of sensilla chaetica (nonporous), four morphological types of sensilla basiconica (multiporous), two morphological types of sensilla coeloconica (multiporous), and one type of sensillum campaniforme (nonporous).

Age-related variation in song repertoire size and repertoire sharing of yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1926-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Cosens ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Dendroica Petechia ◽  
Repertoire Size ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Clutch Initiation

Songs of male yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia), ranging from 1 to 6 years of age, were recorded in the spring and summer of 1984. Recorded repertoire size and number of songs shared with neighbours varied positively with age in the spring but not in summer. Neither clutch initiation date nor fledging success varied with age or number of songs shared but both measures of reproductive success varied with size of recorded song repertoire.

scholarly journals Evidence of breeding activity of subadult Turdus thrushes in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Exequiel Barboza ◽  
Patricia Capllonch ◽  
Fernando Diego Ortiz ◽  
Alex E. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Brood Patch ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Subadult Female

AbstractLittle is known about the age at which many Neotropical bird species first attempt to breed. We evaluated the breeding condition of 515 adult and subadult males and females among four species of Turdus thrushes (T. nigriceps, T. chiguanco, T. amaurochalinus and T. rufiventris) in Tucumán, Argentina during three breeding seasons (2015 to 2018). We registered a total of 126 individuals with brood patches and cloacal protuberances, which accounted for 24.5% of thrushes in breeding condition that we sampled. Forty thrushes had a brood patch (31.7% of those in breeding condition), of which 11 were subadults (8.7%). Eighty-six thrushes (68.3%) had a swollen cloacal protuberance, 18 of which were subadults (14.3%). Only a few of the subadults in breeding condition built nests, incubated eggs or raised nestlings. Of 130 nests we found, only 3 belonged to a subadult thrush (in all cases, a subadult female with an adult social mate), one of which was successful. Further research on these patterns among various Neotropical bird species could lead to important insights into the life history strategies that characterize different populations, and how these ultimately affect their population dynamics.

Observations on the biology of Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley), C. melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard) and C. fitzroyensis (Whitley) from Northern Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The reproductive biology and diets of C. cautus, C. melanopterus and C. fitzroyensis from northern Australia are described. Males and females are usually mature at 84 and 91 cm, respectively, in C. cautus, 95 and 97 cm in C. melanopterus, and 88 and 100 cm in C. fitzroyensis. The species exhibit placental viviparity, have restricted breeding seasons, and individual females appear to breed annually. Breeding seasons for C. cautus and C. melanopterus are very similar: mating occurs between January and March, ovulation in February-March, and parturition in October-November. Individuals of C. fitzroyensis mate between May and July, ovulate between July and September, and give birth the. following February- April. Gestation periods for the three species range from 7 to 9 months. Approximate sizes at birth are 40 cm for C. cautus, 48 cm for C. melanopterus and 50 cm for C. fitzroyensis. Mean litter sizes are 2.9 (range 1-5) for C. cautus, 3.8 (range 3-4) for C. melanopterus and 3.7 (range 1-7) for C. fitzroyensis. Teleost fish are an important component of the diets, with crustaceans and molluscs (mainly cephalopods) of lesser importance. Snakes are eaten by C. melanopterus and C. cautus.

Egg-size variation in Yellow Warblers: apportionment of parental investment and the brood-survival hypothesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy N. Hébert ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Dendroica Petechia ◽  
Brood Survival ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Clutch Initiation

It has been hypothesized that in passerine birds the larger size of last-laid eggs is part of a brood-survival strategy. We examined the usefulness of the brood-survival hypothesis in explaining intraclutch variation in egg mass of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia). In 4- and 5-egg clutches, egg mass increased significantly with laying order. Although last-hatched nestlings in broods of 4 had higher survival rates than their counterparts in broods of 5, there were no differences in the absolute or relative mass of last-laid eggs in clutches of 4 and 5 eggs. In addition, the mass of last-laid eggs that hatched but did not produce a fledgling was not significantly different from that of last-laid eggs that did produce a fledgling. Finally, the relative mass of last-laid eggs was also not correlated with hatch spread or with date of clutch initiation. The results of this study do not support the brood-survival hypothesis.

The Taxonomic Composition of the Arthropod Fauna Associated With an Australian Rain-Forest Tree

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Basset
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Canopy Fogging ◽  
Collecting Methods ◽  
Faunistic Composition

The composition of the arthropod fauna foraging within the canopy of Argyrodendron actinophyllum Edlin (Sterculiaceae) in a subtropical rainforest near Brisbane, Australia, was investigated during a 2-year field study. Collecting methods included flight interception traps, restricted canopy fogging, and hand-collecting. Over 50 000 canopy arthropods were collected and about 760 species sorted, from which 660 were identified at least to the generic level by taxonomists. The arthropod fauna of A. actinophyllum is characterised by the abundance of Clubionidae, Theridiidae, Psylloidea, Phlaeothripidae, Chrysomelidae, Corylophidae, Curculionidae and Braconidae, and by the scarcity of Empididae, Symphyta, Ichneumonidae and Formicidae. The major determinants of the composition of the arboreal fauna are discussed, including biogeographical and historical constraints, rainforest mesoclimate and host phenology, host architecture and biochemistry, and intrinsic composition of the foliicolous fauna. The faunistic composition of this subtropical rainforest tree species exhibits several features common to both temperate trees (such as the high numbers of homopterans and spiders and the limited populations of arboreal ants) and tropical rainforest trees (such as the large beetle populations and the high orthopteran biomass).

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