The effects of acidification on life-history traits of the freshwater clam Musculium partumeium (Say, 1822) (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Hornbach ◽  
Daniel L. Childers
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Age At First Reproduction ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the effects of acidification on growth, survivorship, and natality of the fingernail clam, Musculium partumeium. Six groups of newborn clams (parents), collected in either October (replicate 1) or January (replicate 2), and their offspring (F1) were maintained in river water kept at a pH of 3, 4, 5, or 6 with the addition of H2SO4. A control (no acid added) had an average pH near 7. Generally, growth and survivorship were poor in treatments of pH 3 and 4. Maximal growth occurred at a pH of 5, which approximates that of the stream from which these clams were collected. Also, clams maintained at a pH of 5 generally had the highest gross and net reproductive rates and the youngest age at first reproduction, leading to maximum values of r (intrinsic rate of increase) for clams maintained at pH 5. Usually the F1 generations had greater survivorship than their parents and under adverse conditions could attain greater shell lengths. Life-history traits in M. partumeium appear to be sensitive to changes in environmental pH and populations of these clams may be able to acclimate to changing pH regimes over time, i.e, from one generation to the next.

scholarly journals Life History Evaluation of Ooencyrtus lucidus, a Newly Described Egg Parasitoid of Bagrada hilaris

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference

Ooencyrtus lucidus Triapitsyn & Ganjisaffar (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recently recovered from fresh sentinel eggs of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in California. In the present study, life history traits of O. lucidus were studied at 26 ± 0 . 5 ∘ C, 40 ± 10 % RH, and a photoperiod of 14 L: 10 D hours. Results showed that 95.2% of the parasitized eggs yielded successful emergence of adults. The total immature developmental time was 14.27 and 13.95 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of O. lucidus was 0.5 (females/offspring). Mated females laid on average 6.0 eggs per day and 222.7 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 37.3 days. There was no significant difference in reproduction parameters between mated and non-mated females. The net reproductive rate ( R 0 ) was 103.8 females/female/generation, the intrinsic rate of increase ( r m ) was 0.171 females/female/day, the finite rate of increase ( λ ) was 1.187 population multiplication/day, the mean generation time (T) was 27.1 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 4.0 days. The highest longevity was observed in mated and non-mated females fed with honey, and they lived for 70.8 and 70.1 days, respectively. Providing females with host eggs in addition to honey, reduced their longevity by 24% in mated and 28% in non-mated individuals. Non-mated females and males deprived of honey only lived for 3.5 and 2.5 days after emergence, respectively. Our results indicate that O. lucidus has sufficient life history traits to make it a promising egg parasitoid for the biological control of B. hilaris.

scholarly journals Life history of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with castor bean (Ricinus communisL.) pollen in laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
PP Marafeli ◽  
PR Reis ◽  
EC. da Silveira ◽  
GC Souza-Pimentel ◽  
MA. de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
History Of

The predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus(McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the principal natural enemies of tetranychid mites in several countries, promoting efficient control of those mites in several food and ornamental crops. Pest attacks such as that of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticaeKoch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the problems faced by farmers, especially in the greenhouse, due to the difficulty of its control with the use of chemicals because of the development of fast resistance making it hard to control it. The objective of this work was to study the life history of the predatory mite N. californicus as a contribution to its mass laboratory rearing, having castor bean plant [Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)] pollen as food, for its subsequent use as a natural enemy of T. urticae on a cultivation of greenhouse rosebushes. The studies were carried out in the laboratory, at 25 ± 2°C of temperature, 70 ± 10% RH and a 14 hour photophase. The biological aspects and the fertility life table were appraised. Longevity of 32.9 days was verified for adult females and 40.4 days for males. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.2 and the mean generation time (T) was 17.2 days. The population doubled every 4.1 days. The results obtained were similar to those in which the predatory mite N. californicus fed on T. urticae.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of bifenazate on life history and population parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ying Li ◽  
Xiao Fan ◽  
Guo Hao Zhang ◽  
YI QING LIU ◽  
HAN QIU CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Traditional estimating only by measuring the lethal effect of acaricides may underestimate the total effects of acaricides on the pest mites. In order to investigate the sublethal effect of bifenazate on life history and population parameters of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the newly emerged females were treated with two lethal concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 (4.92 μg/mL) and LC20 (8.77 μg/mL). Subsequently, the development and fecundity of the progeny generations were observed. Compared to the control, exposure to the 10% lethal concentrations (LC10) and LC20 of bifenazate severely affected the parental generation of T. urticae, including survival rate (reduced 9% and 13%), oviposition period (reduced 77.6% and 83.1%), fecundity per female (decreased 89.2% and 76.9%) and longevity (decreased 79.2% and 83.1%). Besides, the population parameters of the progeny generation from the treated females were also investigated. The results showed that the progeny generation had lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ), longer mean generation time (Tc) compared to the control. The results suggested that the sublethal effects of bifenazate on population growth of T. urticae were significant, and the results of this study could be used as a guide for the rational use of bifenazate in the field for better managing pest mites.

Critique of some practices in life-history studies, with special reference to harpacticoid copepods

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bergmans
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

Published studies on the demography and reproductive strategies of harpacticoid copepods are examined critically. At the technical level, the popular approximation r ≈ In R0/Tc is shown to be inappropriate as an estimate of the intrinsic rate of increase of harpacticoids. It leads to a systematic underestimation, by 8-29%, for life histories typical of fast-breeding species. Various ad hoc variants of r and R0 calculations occurring in the literature are also criticized. .At the conceptual level, a more discriminating approach to life-history characteristics is necessary; this applies both to the assessment of their 'strategic' significance, and to their diagnostic power with regard to the various 'strategies'. Special attention is given to the non-equivalence of parity and voltinism. Recommendations that should promote the construction of a more rigorous cognitive framework are included.

The effects of Spiromesifen on life history traits and demographic parameters of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and its prey Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1525
Author(s):  
Niloufar Sangak Sani Bozhgani1 ◽  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Aliasghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Estimating sublethal effects of acaricides on phytoseiid mites and their prey as a reliable approach in predicting the acaricides impacts is mandatory for IPM programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spiromesifen on life history traits and demographic parameters of the offspring of Neoseiulus californicus and Tetranychus urticae under laboratory conditions [25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h]. The experiments were conducted based on the leaf-dip technique. The crude data were analysed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. The pre-adult and adult longevity of both sexes significantly reduced for N. califonicus and T. urticae with the concentration enhancing from LC20 to LC35. In addition, the oviposition period for both species significantly decreased as a consequence of treatment with LC25 and LC35 of spiromesifen. The minimal values of the total fecundity for N. califonicus and T. urticae were 16.58 and 19.35 (offspring/individual), respectively, which was related to LC35 concentration. Further, the lowest values of R0 and GRR of N. califonicus and its prey were 48.88 and 31.14 (offspring/individual) in LC35, respectively. However, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were not significantly influenced by sublethal concentration in N. californicus while the r and λ were significantly reduced in T. urticae treated by LC20, LC25 and LC35. Therefore, spiromesifen could profoundly decrease the population growth rate of T. urticae but can not be considered as a compatible acaricide with N. califonicus because of its negative effect on the longevity, total lifespan, and reproductive periods and should not be used with this predatory mite in integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Resistance of canola cultivars affect life table parameters of Nysius cymoides (Spinola) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mollashahi ◽  
Ahad Sahragard ◽  
Jafar Mohaghegh-Neyshabouri ◽  
Reza Hosseini ◽  
Hossein Sabouri
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproductive Rates

AbstractA life table can be used as an important and appropriate tool to evaluate the susceptibility or resistance level of different host plant cultivars to insect pests. In the current study, we determined the suitability or inferiority of five different canola cultivars (Hayula420, Hayula401, Hayula50, Hayula60, RGS) to Nysius cymoides, under laboratory conditions. Data were analysed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Nysius cymoides which fed on Hayula420 had the longest nymphal period, while those which fed on Hayula50 had the shortest nymphal period. Developmental times (sum of incubation and nymphal periods) was longest for those which fe d on Hayula420 and the shortest for those which fed on Hayula50. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), mean fecundity, and adult longevity of adults reared on different canola cultivars showed significant differences. The highest and lowest net reproductive rates (R0) were obtained for those which fed on Hayula420 (11.40 offspring per individual) and Hayula401 (5.47 offspring per individual), respectively. The highest value (0.0395 d-1) for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was obtained for those which fed on Hayula 60 cultivar and the lowest value (0.0261 d-1) for those which fed on Hayula401 cultivar. The shortest and longest mean generation times (T) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and H401 cultivars, respectively. The lowest and highest values of life expectancy (exj) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and Hayula420 cultivars, respectively. The results showed that Hayula401 and RGS were not susceptible cultivars to N. cymoides. These cultivars showed higher resistance to N. cymoides, while Hayula60, Hayula420, and Hayula50 were found to be suitable cultivars but with lower resistance to N. cymoides, respectively.

Effect of Different Fruit Developmental Stages and Biochemical Metabolites of Pomegranate (Ponicaceae) on Life History Parameters of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 964-973
Author(s):  
Zahra Abedi ◽  
Ali Golizadeh ◽  
Mahmoud Soufbaf ◽  
Mahdi Hassanpour ◽  
Ali Jafari-Nodoushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Ectomyelois Ceratoniae ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Abstract Plant–herbivore interactions can be influenced by plant developmental stages. Effects of four different developmental stages of pomegranate fruit (Hazelnut size, Walnut size, Juicy, and Ripe) were investigated on life table parameters, nutritional yield, and energy contents (protein, glycogen, and lipid) of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) under controlled conditions in two pomegranate cultivars, namely Shahvare-Danesefid and Esfahani-Daneghermez as susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively. Biochemical characteristics of the four developmental stages were determined, and a correlation was made with life-history and nutritional responses of E. ceratoniae. Significant differences were observed in developmental time and adult fecundity of E. ceratoniae across various tested stages in both pomegranate cultivars. The highest value of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was found in Juicy and lowest in Hazelnut-size stage of Shahvare-Danesefid. The highest rm value was on Walnut-size and Juicy stages, and the lower rate was obtained from the feeding of E. ceratoniae on Ripe and Hazelnut-size stages in Esfahani-Daneghermez. A higher relative growth rate (RGR) was observed in Juicy (in Shahvare-Danesefid) and Walnut-size stages (in Esfahani-Daneghermez) when compared with other developmental stages tested. Life-history parameters of E. ceratoniae were correlated with biochemical qualities of pomegranate stages. Results indicated Juicy (Shahvare-Danesefid) and Walnut-size stages (Esfahani-Daneghermez) were relatively susceptible pomegranate stages, and Hazelnut-size and Ripe stages were unsuitable for feeding of E. ceratoniae in Shahvare-Danesefid and Esfahani-Daneghermez, respectively. Findings of this research could aid in the development of integrated management programs of E. ceratoniae in pomegranate orchards.

scholarly journals Comparison of life history parameters of two different genetic clusters of Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) through single and cross mating

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248819
Author(s):  
Yujeong Park ◽  
Young-gyun Park ◽  
Joon-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an economically important insect pest worldwide. Previously, we have reported that most B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) populations occurring in greenhouse tomatoes in Korea have been displaced from well-differentiated two genetic clusters (C1 and C2) to one (C2) during one-year period. To elucidate factors responsible for this phenomenon, we compared life history parameters of these two different genetic clusters through single and cross mating experiments on two different host plants, cucumber and tobacco, at 26°C. Intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) were significantly higher in the dominating cluster (C2) (0.247, 1.280, and 192.402, respectively on cucumber; 0.226, 1.253, and 133.792, respectively on tobacco) than in the other cluster (C1) (0.149, 1.161, and 50.539, respectively on cucumber; 0.145, 1.156, and 53.332, respectively on tobacco). Overall performances of cross mating groups, C2fC1m (C2 female × C1 male) and C1fC2m (C1 female × C2 male), were in-between those of C2 and C1, with C2fC1m performing better than C1fC2m. Thus, maternal inheritance appeared to be significantly associated with their life history parameters, with partial involvement of paternal inheritance. Our results demonstrated that the rapid displacement of genetic clusters of B. tabaci MED populations was clearly associated with differences in their life history parameters.

scholarly journals Temperature, photoperiod and life history traits in Drosophila subobscura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. MacLean ◽  
George W. Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractTemperature and photoperiod are generally reliable indicators of seasonality that have shaped the life histories of many temperate zone organisms. Anthropogenic climate change, however, may alter historical weather patterns and seasonal cues. Many studies have evaluated thermal effects on life history traits, but fewer have also examined photoperiodic effects. Because the degree of seasonal cue varies across latitude, we examine developmental plasticity in Drosophila subobscura populations sampled from latitudinal clines across Europe and North America. We examine the interaction between temperature and photoperiod on insect development time, adult survival, and fitness using a two by two factorial design with long (16L:8D) and short days (8L:16D) at high (23°C) and low temperatures (15°C).. We find that development time is dependent on both temperature and photoperiod but the low temperature/long day treatment revealed a dramatic and unexpected 4.5 day delay in eclosion. Fitness, estimated by the intrinsic rate of increase (r), showed a significant increase in response to temperature and a decrease in response to day length, and an interaction such that long-days reduced the effects of temperature. Additionally, cooler temperatures increased lifespan, and long-days reduced survivorship; temperature and day length interacted such that lifespan is relatively shorter in seasonally mismatched (long-cool, short-warm) conditions compared to matched conditions. These data highlight the importance of multiple abiotic factors in predicting species’ responses to climate change.

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