Genetic basis of sterility in hybrid males from crosses of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Male Hybrid

Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado carrying from one to three marker genes on each chromosome were hybridized. F1 females were backcrossed and the resulting backcross males were tested for their ability to inseminate and to fertilize both G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis; these abilities were then related to the genetic constitution of each male. Hybrid males having an X chromosome from one subspecies and a Y chromosome from the other were sterile, as were about half the males having X and Y chromosomes from the same subspecies. There is weak evidence for autosomal involvement in hybrid sterility but this involvement is not through genetical recombination between the loci Ao and Xo, nor does it depend upon the number of autosomes from the same taxon as the sex chromosomes. Hybrid males descending from G. m. morsitans females could not fertilize G. m. centralis although they could inseminate them. F1 hybrid females had lower than expected intrachromosomal recombination in the X chromosome and in linkage group II, and hybrid females tended to use autosomes of G. m. centralis origin more frequently than chromosomes from G. m. morsitans. Models for evolution of the maternally inherited sterility factor(s) suggest that G. m. centralis is ancestral to G. m. morsitans. Use of hybrid males descending from female G. m. morsitans for genetic control of G. m. centralis is proposed.

Involvement of the X chromosome in fertility of male and female hybrids of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intrachromosomal Recombination ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In hybrid females of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado that carried four well-separated marker genes, suppression of intrachromosomal recombination occurred between the loci for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) and arginine phosphokinase (Apk) on the X chromosome. Fertility of backcross females was not influenced by whether they mated with G. m. morsitans or G. m. centralis, but it was higher in females that received both of their X chromosomes from G. m. morsitans than it was in females that received one X chromosome from G. m. morsitans and the other from G. m. centralis.

Genetic basis of sterility in hybrids from crosses of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Group Ii

Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood carrying two marker genes on the X chromosome, two in linkage group II, and one in linkage group III were hybridized. About 17% of the F1 and from 33 to 56% of the backcross males fertilized G. m. submorsitans, but only one F1 and two backcross males fertilized G. m. morsitans. Similarly, F1 and backcross females were fertilized by G. m. submorsitans but rarely by G. m. morsitans. Chromosomal composition of F1 and backcross males indicated that hybrid male sterility is due to incompatibility of the X chromosome from one subspecies and the Y from the other subspecies or possibly an incompatibility between X chromosomes and autosomes from different subspecies. Results are discussed in the context of a model for evolution of X and Y incompatibility and a model for evolution of maternally inherited factors that cause unidirectional sterility in males. In hybrid females, intrachromosomal recombination was suppressed in the X chromosome and in linkage group II. Fertility of backcross females, mated to G. m. submorsitans, could not be related to the chromosomal composition of the females.Key words: Glossina, hybrid sterility, tsetse, X chromosomes.

scholarly journals X-Chromosome involvement in male hybrid sterility from Glossina morsitans sub-species crosses

Heredity ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Curtis ◽  
P A Langley ◽  
M A Trewern
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Male Hybrid

Postmating barriers to gene flow among species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

Postmating barriers to gene flow between closely related species and subspecies of tsetse flies include (i) reduced fecundity of hybridized and hybrid females and (ii) sterility of hybrid and backcross males, owing mainly to incompatibility between X and Y chromosomes from two different taxa or, possibly, incompatibility between the X from one taxon and autosomes from the other. There are also maternally inherited factors that confer unidirectional sterility upon males; these factors may influence the direction of gene flow. When Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis are crossed, these factors appear to be unstable and lose their effectiveness as barriers to gene flow when hybrid females, from several consecutive generations, are backcrossed to G. m. centralis. In hybrid females of the morsitans group, intrachromosomal recombination is suppressed in the X chromosomes, but it may occur at near normal levels in at least part of linkage group II. Some backcross flies with chromosomes composed of segments from two different taxa are fertile. Naturally occurring hybrids have been found, but it appears that hybridization zones are narrow. It remains to be determined whether introgression of genes plays a significant role in the evolution of tsetse flies.

scholarly journals Genetics of morphological differences and hybrid sterility between Drosophila sechellia and its relatives

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Coyne ◽  
John Rux ◽  
Jean R. David
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Drosophila Sechellia ◽  
Ovariole Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Differences

SummaryWe conducted classical genetic analysis of the difference in male genitalia and hybrid sterility between the island-dwelling sibling species Drosophila sechellia and D. mauritiana. At least two loci (one on each autosome) are responsible for the genital difference, with the X chromosome having no significant effect. In contrast, male hybrid sterility is caused by at least four gene loci distributed among all major chromosomes, with those on the X chromosome having the largest effect.We also show that the large difference in ovariole number between D. sechellia and its mainland relative D. simulans is due to at least two gene substitutions, one on each major autosome. The X and the left arm of the second chromosome, however, have no significant effect on the character. This implies that the evolution of reduced ovariole number involved relatively few gene substitutions.These results extend previous findings that morphological differences between Drosophila species are caused by genes distributed among all chromosomes, while hybrid sterility and inviability are due primarily to X-linked genes. Because strong X-effects on male sterility have been found in all three pairwise hybridizations among D. simulans, D. sechellia and D. mauritiana, these effects must have evolved at least twice independently.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE). V. DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY MAPPING OF LINKAGE GROUPS I AND II

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Group I ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Differential Part

Linkage group I is defined as the loci on the differential part of the X-chromosome of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Three loci are known and their order on the X-chromosome has been demonstrated as ocra (body color), salmon (eye color), and Apk (arginine phosphokinase, E.C. 2.7.3.3) with 38 map units separating the first two loci and 32 to 41 separating the second two. This region of the X-chromosome does not contain the chromosomal inversion known to occur in the Handeni line of G. m. morsitans. Linkage group II is defined as the autosome carrying the locus Xo (xanthine oxidase, E.C. 1.2.3.2), and it is demonstrated to carry also the loci Ao (aldehyde oxidase, E.C. 1.2.3.1) and Odh (octanol dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.1.1.73). Ao and Odh are within 0.36 map units of each other and have not been separated by recombination; this pair of loci occur about 48 map units from Xo. During mapping experiments, no evidence for genetical recombination was found in male G. m. morsitans.

Infection of post-teneral tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis) with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

A significant proportion of post-teneral male Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and post-teneral male and female Glossina morsitans centralis Machado develop mature infections of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Plimmer and Bradford without being starved before feeding upon infected rabbits.

scholarly journals A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009620
Author(s):  
Jackson Muyobela ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽  
Njelembo J. Mbewe ◽  
Catherine L. Sole
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Design Experiments

Background Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Methodology/Principal findings Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72; P < 0.01) times more G. m. centralis flies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index for G. m. morsitans (P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10; P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21; P < 0.001) times more G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans respectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect. Conclusion/Significance The VST is several times more effective for sampling G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.

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