Genetic basis of sterility in hybrids from crosses of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Group Ii

Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood carrying two marker genes on the X chromosome, two in linkage group II, and one in linkage group III were hybridized. About 17% of the F1 and from 33 to 56% of the backcross males fertilized G. m. submorsitans, but only one F1 and two backcross males fertilized G. m. morsitans. Similarly, F1 and backcross females were fertilized by G. m. submorsitans but rarely by G. m. morsitans. Chromosomal composition of F1 and backcross males indicated that hybrid male sterility is due to incompatibility of the X chromosome from one subspecies and the Y from the other subspecies or possibly an incompatibility between X chromosomes and autosomes from different subspecies. Results are discussed in the context of a model for evolution of X and Y incompatibility and a model for evolution of maternally inherited factors that cause unidirectional sterility in males. In hybrid females, intrachromosomal recombination was suppressed in the X chromosome and in linkage group II. Fertility of backcross females, mated to G. m. submorsitans, could not be related to the chromosomal composition of the females.Key words: Glossina, hybrid sterility, tsetse, X chromosomes.

Genetics of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae): further mapping of linkage groups I, II, and III

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1309-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Gooding ◽  
C M Challoner
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Standard mapping procedures were used to map four loci in linkage group I (the X chromosome), two loci in linkage group II, and two loci in linkage group III of Glossina morsitans submorsitans. In the presence of the allele Srd (the distorter allele favoring production of female offspring), no recombination occurred between any of the following loci: Pgm (phosphoglucomutase), wht (white eye color), Est-X (a thoracic esterase), and Sr (sex-ratio distortion). However, in the absence of Srd (i.e., in females homozygous for Srn, the allele that permits males to sire both female and male offspring in approximately equal numbers), the loci Pgm and wht were separated by 23 ± 4.0% recombination (map distance). These results indicate that ourG. m. submorsitans strains carry two forms of the X chromosome, designated XA and XB. In support of this interpretation, two lines of G. m. submorsitans were established: in both lines, males with wild-type eyes sired families that were almost exclusively female, while males with white eyes sired families having males and females in approximately equal numbers. Two loci, Ao (aldehyde oxidase) and Est-1 (a thoracic esterase) were separated by 6.1 ± 2.3% recombination in linkage group II, and two loci, Mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and Pgi (phosphoglucose isomerase), showed 51.9 ± 4.9% recombination in linkage group III.

Involvement of the X chromosome in fertility of male and female hybrids of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intrachromosomal Recombination ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In hybrid females of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado that carried four well-separated marker genes, suppression of intrachromosomal recombination occurred between the loci for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) and arginine phosphokinase (Apk) on the X chromosome. Fertility of backcross females was not influenced by whether they mated with G. m. morsitans or G. m. centralis, but it was higher in females that received both of their X chromosomes from G. m. morsitans than it was in females that received one X chromosome from G. m. morsitans and the other from G. m. centralis.

Genetic basis of sterility in hybrid males from crosses of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Male Hybrid

Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado carrying from one to three marker genes on each chromosome were hybridized. F1 females were backcrossed and the resulting backcross males were tested for their ability to inseminate and to fertilize both G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis; these abilities were then related to the genetic constitution of each male. Hybrid males having an X chromosome from one subspecies and a Y chromosome from the other were sterile, as were about half the males having X and Y chromosomes from the same subspecies. There is weak evidence for autosomal involvement in hybrid sterility but this involvement is not through genetical recombination between the loci Ao and Xo, nor does it depend upon the number of autosomes from the same taxon as the sex chromosomes. Hybrid males descending from G. m. morsitans females could not fertilize G. m. centralis although they could inseminate them. F1 hybrid females had lower than expected intrachromosomal recombination in the X chromosome and in linkage group II, and hybrid females tended to use autosomes of G. m. centralis origin more frequently than chromosomes from G. m. morsitans. Models for evolution of the maternally inherited sterility factor(s) suggest that G. m. centralis is ancestral to G. m. morsitans. Use of hybrid males descending from female G. m. morsitans for genetic control of G. m. centralis is proposed.

Genetics of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). XIII. Mapping the locus for tetrazolium oxidase in linkage group I and refinement of the linkage group II map

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding ◽  
B. M. Rolseth ◽  
S. A. Tarimo
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The locus for tetrazolium oxidase, To, is mapped at 4.3 ± 1.3 recombination units from the locus for arginine phosphokinase, Apk, in linkage group I, and the distance between the eye color locus, sal, and Apk is confirmed to be about 39.5 ± 3.2 recombination units. In linkage group II the loci for aldehyde oxidase, Ao, and for two esterases are arranged in the order Ao Est-1 Est-2 with 3.5 ± 1.2 recombination units separating Ao and Est-1 and 8.3 ± 1.8 recombination units separating Est-1 and Est-2.Key words: Glossina morsitans, tetrazolium oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, esterases, linkage maps.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE). V. DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY MAPPING OF LINKAGE GROUPS I AND II

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Group I ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Differential Part

Linkage group I is defined as the loci on the differential part of the X-chromosome of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Three loci are known and their order on the X-chromosome has been demonstrated as ocra (body color), salmon (eye color), and Apk (arginine phosphokinase, E.C. 2.7.3.3) with 38 map units separating the first two loci and 32 to 41 separating the second two. This region of the X-chromosome does not contain the chromosomal inversion known to occur in the Handeni line of G. m. morsitans. Linkage group II is defined as the autosome carrying the locus Xo (xanthine oxidase, E.C. 1.2.3.2), and it is demonstrated to carry also the loci Ao (aldehyde oxidase, E.C. 1.2.3.1) and Odh (octanol dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.1.1.73). Ao and Odh are within 0.36 map units of each other and have not been separated by recombination; this pair of loci occur about 48 map units from Xo. During mapping experiments, no evidence for genetical recombination was found in male G. m. morsitans.

Genetic analysis of sterility in hybrids from crosses of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1963-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Recurrent Backcrossing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

When genetically marked Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead were mated to Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, viable offspring were obtained when using G. m. submorsitans females but not when using G. m. centralis females. The maternally inherited sterility factor, from G. m. submorsitans, that causes this asymmetry was inactivated or replaced during recurrent backcrossing to G. m. centralis. F1 hybrid males were sterile but most F1 hybrid females were fertile. There was little evidence for differential transmission of G. m. submorsitans and G. m. centralis chromosomes by hybrid females. Almost all backcross males were sterile if they had an X and a Y chromosome from two different taxa; the exceptional males had recombinant X chromosomes. The X chromosome locus for X/Y compatibility lies closer to the locus for esterase-X than to the locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Heterozygosity in linkage group II is also a factor in causing hybrid male sterility; the locus for compatibility is closer to the locus for octanol dehydrogenase than to the locus for esterase-1. Among the backcross males that had an X and a Y chromosome from the same taxon, 12% of those obtained by backcrossing to G. m. centralis were fertile and 65% of those obtained by backcrossing to G. m. submorsitans were fertile. Backcrossing F1 hybrid females to G. m. submorsitans produced females that were equally likely to be fertilized by G. m. submorsitans and G. m. centralis. However, backcrossing to G. m. centralis produced females that had a much lower probability of being fertilized by G. m. submorsitans than by G. m. centralis.

Genetics of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). VII. Location of G6pd in linkage group I, and Alkph in linkage group II

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood the locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6pd, was found to be in linkage group I, approximately 35 to 42 map units to the left of ocra, the locus for body color. The locus for midgut alkaline phosphatase, Alkph, was found to be in linkage group II, within 0.41 map units of the locus for xanthine oxidase, Xo. The distance from Xo to the locus for aldehyde oxidase, Ao, was confirmed to be about 42 map units. No evidence for genetical recombination was found in male G. m. morsitans.

Genetic analysis of hybrid sterility in crosses of the tsetse flies Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Palpalis ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Hybrid Male Sterility ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Reciprocal crosses of Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) were carried out using flies that had four marker genes on the X chromosome, two in linkage group II and one in linkage group III: The results of the reciprocal crosses conformed to Haldane's rule: F1 males were sterile and most F1 females were fertile. F1 females mated to G. p. gambiensis were more likely to be fertilized than females that were mated to G. p. palpalis. In three of the four experiments, the fertility of backcross females was not significantly different from that of F1 females, and there was little evidence that specific chromosomal combinations influenced the fertility of backcross females. Intrachromosomal recombination was lower in hybrid females than in G. p. palpalis. The major genetic factor associated with sterility among backcross males was the presence of sex chromosomes from two subspecies; a minor factor was the number of heterozygous autosomes, but interactions between sex chromosomes and autosomes from different taxa did not contribute to hybrid male sterility. Evidence is presented that a major factor causing hybrid male sterility lies between the loci tan (an eye color) and Est-t (testicular esterase) on the X chromosome. The use of differences between the fertility of males produced by backcrossing F1 females to the two parental subspecies as indicators that other X chromosome loci have a role in hybrid sterility is discussed.

Genetics of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). XIV. Map locations of the loci for phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding ◽  
B. M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Intrachromosomal Recombination ◽  
Group I

The locus for phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) was mapped at less than 1.2 recombination units from the locus for arginine phophokinase (Apk) in linkage group I, the X chromosome. Linkage group III loci were mapped in the order sabr (long scutellar apical bristles in females), Mdh (malate dehydrogenase), and Pgi (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase). The loci sabr and Mdh were separated by 39.3 ± 4.6 recombination units, and Mdh and Pgi were separated by 45.5 ± 4.7 recombination units. Intrachromosomal recombination was rare or did not occur in males. Previously published recombination distances are summarized as a linkage map for the 16 loci that have been mapped in Glossina morsitans morsitans.Key words: tsetse, linkage map, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase.

Photographic polytene chromosome maps for Glossina morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae): cytogenetic analysis of a colony with sex-ratio distortion

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gariou-Papalexiou ◽  
G Yannopoulos ◽  
A Zacharopoulou ◽  
R H Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion ◽  
Pharate Adult

Photographic polytene chromosome maps from trichogen cells of pharate adult Glossina morsitans submorsitans were constructed. Using the standard system employed to map polytene chromosomes of Drosophila, the characteristic landmarks were described for the X chromosome and the two autosomes (L1 and L2). Sex-ratio distortion, which is expressed in male G. m. submorsitans, was found to be associated with an X chromosome (XB) that contains three inversions in each arm. Preliminary data indicate no differences in the fecundity of XAXA and XAXB females, but there are indications that G. m. submorsitans in colonies originating from Burkina Faso and Nigeria have genes on the autosomes and (or) the Y chromosome that suppress expression of sex-ratio distortion.Key words: tsetse, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, polytene chromosome maps, inversions, sex-ratio distortion.

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