X-Chromosome involvement in male hybrid sterility from Glossina morsitans sub-species crosses

Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado carrying from one to three marker genes on each chromosome were hybridized. F1 females were backcrossed and the resulting backcross males were tested for their ability to inseminate and to fertilize both G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis; these abilities were then related to the genetic constitution of each male. Hybrid males having an X chromosome from one subspecies and a Y chromosome from the other were sterile, as were about half the males having X and Y chromosomes from the same subspecies. There is weak evidence for autosomal involvement in hybrid sterility but this involvement is not through genetical recombination between the loci Ao and Xo, nor does it depend upon the number of autosomes from the same taxon as the sex chromosomes. Hybrid males descending from G. m. morsitans females could not fertilize G. m. centralis although they could inseminate them. F1 hybrid females had lower than expected intrachromosomal recombination in the X chromosome and in linkage group II, and hybrid females tended to use autosomes of G. m. centralis origin more frequently than chromosomes from G. m. morsitans. Models for evolution of the maternally inherited sterility factor(s) suggest that G. m. centralis is ancestral to G. m. morsitans. Use of hybrid males descending from female G. m. morsitans for genetic control of G. m. centralis is proposed.

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Genetics of morphological differences and hybrid sterility between Drosophila sechellia and its relatives

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300029177 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Jerry A. Coyne ◽

John Rux ◽

Jean R. David

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Sibling Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Drosophila Sechellia ◽

Ovariole Number ◽

The Difference ◽

Male Hybrid ◽

Morphological Differences

SummaryWe conducted classical genetic analysis of the difference in male genitalia and hybrid sterility between the island-dwelling sibling species Drosophila sechellia and D. mauritiana. At least two loci (one on each autosome) are responsible for the genital difference, with the X chromosome having no significant effect. In contrast, male hybrid sterility is caused by at least four gene loci distributed among all major chromosomes, with those on the X chromosome having the largest effect.We also show that the large difference in ovariole number between D. sechellia and its mainland relative D. simulans is due to at least two gene substitutions, one on each major autosome. The X and the left arm of the second chromosome, however, have no significant effect on the character. This implies that the evolution of reduced ovariole number involved relatively few gene substitutions.These results extend previous findings that morphological differences between Drosophila species are caused by genes distributed among all chromosomes, while hybrid sterility and inviability are due primarily to X-linked genes. Because strong X-effects on male sterility have been found in all three pairwise hybridizations among D. simulans, D. sechellia and D. mauritiana, these effects must have evolved at least twice independently.

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Genetic basis of sterility in hybrids from crosses of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-472 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 479-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. H. Gooding

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Hybrid Male ◽

X Chromosomes ◽

Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽

Group Ii

Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood carrying two marker genes on the X chromosome, two in linkage group II, and one in linkage group III were hybridized. About 17% of the F1 and from 33 to 56% of the backcross males fertilized G. m. submorsitans, but only one F1 and two backcross males fertilized G. m. morsitans. Similarly, F1 and backcross females were fertilized by G. m. submorsitans but rarely by G. m. morsitans. Chromosomal composition of F1 and backcross males indicated that hybrid male sterility is due to incompatibility of the X chromosome from one subspecies and the Y from the other subspecies or possibly an incompatibility between X chromosomes and autosomes from different subspecies. Results are discussed in the context of a model for evolution of X and Y incompatibility and a model for evolution of maternally inherited factors that cause unidirectional sterility in males. In hybrid females, intrachromosomal recombination was suppressed in the X chromosome and in linkage group II. Fertility of backcross females, mated to G. m. submorsitans, could not be related to the chromosomal composition of the females.Key words: Glossina, hybrid sterility, tsetse, X chromosomes.

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A MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF ASYMMETRICAL MALE HYBRID STERILITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIATION

Evolution ◽

10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05742.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1171-1184 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. Zouros

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Male Hybrid

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Photographic polytene chromosome maps for Glossina morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae): cytogenetic analysis of a colony with sex-ratio distortion

Genome ◽

10.1139/g02-057 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 871-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A Gariou-Papalexiou ◽

G Yannopoulos ◽

A Zacharopoulou ◽

R H Gooding

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Polytene Chromosome ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽

Ratio Distortion ◽

Chromosome Maps ◽

Sex Ratio Distortion ◽

Pharate Adult

Photographic polytene chromosome maps from trichogen cells of pharate adult Glossina morsitans submorsitans were constructed. Using the standard system employed to map polytene chromosomes of Drosophila, the characteristic landmarks were described for the X chromosome and the two autosomes (L1 and L2). Sex-ratio distortion, which is expressed in male G. m. submorsitans, was found to be associated with an X chromosome (XB) that contains three inversions in each arm. Preliminary data indicate no differences in the fecundity of XAXA and XAXB females, but there are indications that G. m. submorsitans in colonies originating from Burkina Faso and Nigeria have genes on the autosomes and (or) the Y chromosome that suppress expression of sex-ratio distortion.Key words: tsetse, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, polytene chromosome maps, inversions, sex-ratio distortion.

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THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA BUZZATII. XII. THE GENETIC BASIS OF STERILITY IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN D. BUZZATII AND ITS SIBLING D. SERIDO FROM ARGENTINA

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/114.3.841 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 841-857

Author(s):

Horacio Naveira ◽

Antonio Fontdevila

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Segment ◽

Minimum Size ◽

Drosophila Buzzatii ◽

History Of ◽

Male Hybrid ◽

Chromosome Segments

ABSTRACT The genetic basis of hybrid sterility has been investigated in backcross segmental hybrids between two sibling species, Drosophila buzzatii and D. serido. Asynapsis of homologous bands in hybrid polytene chromosomes has been used to identify the D. serido chromosome segments introgressed into the D. buzzatti genome. All the investigated chromosomes contain male sterility factors. For autosomes, sterility is produced when an introgressed D. serido chromosome segment, or combination of segments, reaches a minimum size. On the other hand, any introgressed X chromosome segment from D. serido, irrespective of its size, produces either male hybrid sterility or inviability.

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Genetics of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae): further mapping of linkage groups I, II, and III

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z99-092 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (8) ◽

pp. 1309-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R H Gooding ◽

C M Challoner

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Aldehyde Oxidase ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Tsetse Fly ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Group Iii ◽

Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Standard mapping procedures were used to map four loci in linkage group I (the X chromosome), two loci in linkage group II, and two loci in linkage group III of Glossina morsitans submorsitans. In the presence of the allele Srd (the distorter allele favoring production of female offspring), no recombination occurred between any of the following loci: Pgm (phosphoglucomutase), wht (white eye color), Est-X (a thoracic esterase), and Sr (sex-ratio distortion). However, in the absence of Srd (i.e., in females homozygous for Srn, the allele that permits males to sire both female and male offspring in approximately equal numbers), the loci Pgm and wht were separated by 23 ± 4.0% recombination (map distance). These results indicate that ourG. m. submorsitans strains carry two forms of the X chromosome, designated XA and XB. In support of this interpretation, two lines of G. m. submorsitans were established: in both lines, males with wild-type eyes sired families that were almost exclusively female, while males with white eyes sired families having males and females in approximately equal numbers. Two loci, Ao (aldehyde oxidase) and Est-1 (a thoracic esterase) were separated by 6.1 ± 2.3% recombination in linkage group II, and two loci, Mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and Pgi (phosphoglucose isomerase), showed 51.9 ± 4.9% recombination in linkage group III.

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GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE). V. DEFINITION AND PRELIMINARY MAPPING OF LINKAGE GROUPS I AND II

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g81-042 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 399-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. H. Gooding

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Aldehyde Oxidase ◽

Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Eye Color ◽

Group I ◽

Octanol Dehydrogenase ◽

Differential Part

Linkage group I is defined as the loci on the differential part of the X-chromosome of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Three loci are known and their order on the X-chromosome has been demonstrated as ocra (body color), salmon (eye color), and Apk (arginine phosphokinase, E.C. 2.7.3.3) with 38 map units separating the first two loci and 32 to 41 separating the second two. This region of the X-chromosome does not contain the chromosomal inversion known to occur in the Handeni line of G. m. morsitans. Linkage group II is defined as the autosome carrying the locus Xo (xanthine oxidase, E.C. 1.2.3.2), and it is demonstrated to carry also the loci Ao (aldehyde oxidase, E.C. 1.2.3.1) and Odh (octanol dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.1.1.73). Ao and Odh are within 0.36 map units of each other and have not been separated by recombination; this pair of loci occur about 48 map units from Xo. During mapping experiments, no evidence for genetical recombination was found in male G. m. morsitans.

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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF GENETICS OF HYBRID STERILITY IN CROSSES OF GLOSSINA PALPALIS PALPALIS (ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY) AND GLOSSINA PALPALIS GAMBIENSIS VANDERPLANK

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent120997-11 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 120 (11) ◽

pp. 997-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R.H. Gooding

Keyword(s):

X Chromosome ◽

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Glossina Palpalis Palpalis ◽

Hybrid Male ◽

Hybrid Male Sterility ◽

Chromosome Marker ◽

Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽

Almost All ◽

Glossina Palpalis

AbstractGlossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank hybridized readily in the laboratory but hybridized females produced fewer offspring than did females that mated with their own kind. Most hybrid females were fertile when backcrossed to either G. p. palpalis or G. p. gambiensis but almost all hybrid males were sterile. About half of the backcross males were able to fertilize G. p. palpalis and G. p. gambiensis. By using an X chromosome marker gene, tan, evidence was obtained that the X chromosome is involved in hybrid male sterility, either through interaction with the Y chromosome or the autosomes of the other subspecies. There was no evidence for maternally inherited sterility factors of a type that confer unidirectional sterility on hybrid or backcross males.

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The genetics of postzygotic isolation in the Drosophila virilis group.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/121.3.527 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 527-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H A Orr ◽

J A Coyne

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Related Species ◽

Hybrid Sterility ◽

Drosophila Virilis ◽

Female Sterility ◽

Postzygotic Isolation ◽

Male And Female ◽

Virilis Group ◽

Drosophila Virilis Group

Abstract In a genetic study of postzygotic reproductive isolation among species of the Drosophila virilis group, we find that the X chromosome has the largest effect on male and female hybrid sterility and inviability. The X alone has a discernible effect on postzygotic isolation between closely related species. Hybridizations involving more distantly related species also show large X-effects, although the autosomes may also play a role. In the only hybridization yet subjected to such analysis, we show that hybrid male and female sterility result from the action of different X-linked loci. Our results accord with genetic studies of other taxa, and support the view that both Haldane's rule (heterogametic F1 sterility or inviability) and the large effect of the X chromosome on reproductive isolation result from the accumulation by natural selection of partially recessive or underdominant mutations. We also describe a method that allows genetic analysis of reproductive isolation between species that produce completely sterile or inviable hybrids. Such species pairs, which represent the final stage of speciation, cannot be analyzed by traditional methods. The X chromosome also plays an important role in postzygotic isolation between these species.

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