The effects of source and destination on growth and metal uptake in freshwater clams reciprocally transplanted among south central Ontario lakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
South Central ◽  
Freshwater Clams ◽  
Strong Source

The relative contributions of genotype and environment to growth and metal uptake in freshwater unionid clams (Elliptio complanata) were evaluated using a reciprocal transplant experiment. In August 1985, comparable sites were selected in three south central Ontario lakes with alkalinities of 22, 153, and 238 μequiv.∙L−1. Shell length, height, and width varied in a manner that could not be related to lake alkalinities. There were differences among the clam populations in allelic frequencies (at the Pgm and Lap-2 loci). Clams were marked, measured, and reciprocally transplanted among the three lakes. In August 1986, marked individuals were recovered, remeasured, and analysed for levels of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cd in soft tissues. The transplant source had a strong influence on clam growth during the post-transplant year. This source effect may result from genetic differences among the populations. Tissue metal concentrations at the end of the post-transplant year were a function of both source and destination. The use of freshwater clams as transplant biomonitors must be reassessed since there is a strong source component to growth and metal uptake. In transplant experiments a common source (a particular site within a particular lake) should be used, and post-transplant periods of more than 1 year may be necessary for the influence of the destination environment to dominate the influence of the source environment.

Size- and age-specific patterns of trace metal concentrations in freshwater clams from an acid-sensitive and a circumneutral lake

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2436-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Linda A. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
South Central ◽  
Freshwater Clams ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Water Competition ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Clam Tissue ◽  
Binding Substrate

We collected freshwater clams (Elliptio complanata) from an acid-sensitive and a circumneutral lake in south central Ontario and compared tissue metal concentrations. Clams from the acid-sensitive lake had higher concentrations of Cu and Cd and lower concentrations of Zn and Mn than clams from the circumneutral lake. Tissue concentrations did not reflect metal levels in the water. Competition may be occurring between metals for binding substrate in clam tissue. Clam size and (or) age successfully predicted tissue metal concentrations, but in a metal-specific and tissue-specific manner. Clam biomonitoring studies should therefore control for size and age variability. Lake buffering capability was not very important in influencing size- and age-specific patterns of tissue metal concentrations. However, this conclusion is based solely on data from two lakes.

scholarly journals Does Local Adaptation Impact on the Distribution of Competing Aedes Disease Vectors?

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Bennett ◽  
William Owen McMillan ◽  
Jose R. Loaiza
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Ae. (Stegomyia) aegypti L. and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse mosquitoes are major arboviral disease vectors in human populations. Interspecific competition between these species shapes their distribution and hence the incidence of disease. While Ae. albopictus is considered a superior competitor for ecological resources and displaces its contender Ae. aegypti from most environments, the latter is able to persist with Ae. albopictus under particular environmental conditions, suggesting species occurrence cannot be explained by resource competition alone. The environment is an important determinant of species displacement or coexistence, although the factors underpinning its role remain little understood. In addition, it has been found that Ae. aegypti can be adapted to the environment across a local scale. Based on data from the Neotropical country of Panama, we present the hypothesis that local adaptation to the environment is critical in determining the persistence of Ae. aegypti in the face of its direct competitor Ae. albopictus. We show that although Ae. albopictus has displaced Ae. aegypti in some areas of Panama, both species coexist across many areas, including regions where Ae. aegypti appear to be locally adapted to dry climate conditions and less vegetated environments. Based on these findings, we describe a reciprocal transplant experiment to test our hypothesis, with findings expected to provide fundamental insights into the role of environmental variation in shaping the landscape of emerging arboviral disease.

Maternal effects and drought tolerance determine seedling establishment success in a common roadside plant, Dipsacus fullonum subsp sylvestris

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Beaton ◽  
Susan A. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Roadside Environment

Previous studies have demonstrated that plants collected as seeds from roadside populations of Dipsacus fullonum L. subsp sylvestris (Huds.) Claphamare more tolerant of high salinity, low osmotic potentials, and hypoxia during juvenile growth stages than those from oldfield populations. However, it is unclear how tolerance to these abiotic stressors translates into performance in the roadside environment. Here, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment between oldfield and roadside environments. Seeds from three roadside and three oldfield populations were planted into oldfield and roadside sites in late fall. Throughout the spring and summer, the survivorship and size of the seedlings were monitored to examine differences in performance in the two habitats. We also assessed the relation between performance in the field and previous in vitro measures of salt and drought tolerance of each population. A drought caused high mortality levels in the oldfield and roadside. Individuals from roadside populations did not exhibit increased growth or survivorship in the roadside environment. In the early months of seedling growth, neither salt nor drought tolerance were significantly correlated with performance in the roadside during seedling establishment. Rather, during these early months, the average size of individuals in each population in the field was positively correlated with the population’s average seed mass, indicating that maternal provisioning had a greater impact than tolerance to particular environmental stresses during the juvenile stages of development. However, later in the summer, after the drought began, the average size of individuals from each population in the field was positively correlated with that population’s average drought tolerance.

Ecological plasticity in Carex lyngbyei: evidence from transplant experiments

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3618-3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Smythe ◽  
Ian Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Reciprocal Transplants ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Transplant Site ◽  
Transplant Experiments

Four populations of Carex lyngbyei from each of three estuaries with contrasting salinity regimes in northwestern North America (deltas of the Nanaimo, Skagit, and Squamish rivers) were grown in a reciprocal transplant experiment to determine the degree to which morphological differences were genetic or environmentally based. Shoot height, biomass per shoot, and aboveground biomass differences were generally not maintained in the transplant environment, suggesting that genetic control on morphological variation was weak. Transplant site salinity regimes had little effect on shoot density or survival. It is suggested that broadly adapted genotypes, capable of this sort of plastic response, may have a competitive advantage in these fluctuating estuarine environments. Key words: Carex lyngbyei, Pacific Northwest, plasticity, reciprocal transplants.

Performance of four mosses in a reciprocal transplant experiment: implications for peatland succession in NE China

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Bu ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Håkan Rydin ◽  
Shengzhong Wang ◽  
Jinze Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Transplant ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment

The growth and survival of three closely related Myosotis species in a 3-year transplant experiment

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Koutecká ◽  
Jan Lepš
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Wet Grasslands ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Two Populations

We studied the growth and survival of three closely related species (Myosotis caespitosa C.F. Schultz, Myosotis palustris (L.) L. subsp. laxiflora (Reichenb.) Schubler et Martens, and Myosotis nemorosa Besser) in a 3-year reciprocal transplant experiment. Plants from two populations of each species were transplanted into five experimental localities where one of the three Myosotis species was resident. Young plants were planted into three types of competitive microsites as follows: gap, sparse vegetation, and dense vegetation. The experiment demonstrated differences among the species. It also showed large differences among populations within a species. The relative success of the species differed among individual localities and among different microsites, and the favorableness of microsites differed among localities. The Myosotis species typically had an advantage in localities where the species was resident. Myosotis caespitosa exhibited the highest mortality of its clones, particularly under competition, which corresponds well to its habitat preferences (disturbed and short-term sites), but it also exhibited the ability to spread in gaps by secondary rosettes. Myosotis palustris subsp. laxiflora spreads best clonally, but its clonal spread was most suppressed by competition. This was consistent with its ability to colonize quickly vegetation-free sites along water, but with weak competitiveness in later stages of succession. Myosotis nemorosa exhibited the highest survival rate, which fits with its preference for permanent wet grasslands.

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