Intra- and inter-specific variation in pupation behaviours of Drosophila from different habitats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2616-2619
Author(s):  
Lucy Rodriguez ◽  
Marla B. Sokolowski ◽  
Yves Carton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Pupation Height ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Isofemale Strains

Isofemale strains of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans were collected from wet and dry habitats in Tunisia. These strains were used to study the effect of habitat (collection site) and laboratory rearing temperature on larval pupation behaviour of these species. Results showed that D. melanogaster isofemale strains from the wet habitat pupated significantly higher in vials than those from the drier habitat. In contrast, the pupation behaviour of D. simulans isofemale strains was not affected by habitat type. Significant intraspecific variation in pupation behaviour was found for both species from both habitats. The distance pupated away from food in vials was positively correlated to the distance pupated from fruit in a field-like assay. Plasticity for pupation height was found at 16 and 32 °C for both species. Greater between-strain variation in pupation height was found for D. melanogaster at 32 °C and for D. simulans at 16 °C. The patterns of interspecific differences in larval pupation height paralleled those previously reported for adult behaviour patterns in these species.

scholarly journals Sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA for three species of Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from sheep in Russia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kuznetsov ◽  
N. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time, DNA sequence data were obtained for three species of Trichostrongylus from Russia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA was sequenced for T. axei, T. colubriformis and T. probolurus from sheep from the Moscow region. ITS-2 rDNA length was estimated as 238 nucleotides for T. colubriformis and T. probolurus and 237 nucleotides for T. axei. The G+C content of the ITS-2 sequences of T. colubriformis, T. axei and T. probolurus were 31 %, 32 % and 34 % respectively. The level of interspecific differences in ITS-2 of rDNA of T. axei, T. probolurus and T. colubriformis ranged from 3 to 4 %. The ITS-2 sequences from the Russian specimens were compared with those of T. axei, T. probolurus and T. colubriformis from Australia and Germany. Intraspecific variation ranged from 0 % in T. colubriformis to 3.0 % in T. axei.

scholarly journals Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying eye size variation within Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gaspar ◽  
Saad Arif ◽  
Lauren Sumner-Rooney ◽  
Maike Kittelmann ◽  
Andrew J. Bodey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Insect Eye

AbstractThe compound eyes of insects exhibit striking variation in size, reflecting adaptation to different lifestyles and habitats. However, the genetic and developmental bases of variation in insect eye size is poorly understood, which limits our understanding of how these important morphological differences evolve. To address this, we further explored natural variation in eye size within and between four species of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. We found extensive variation in eye size among these species, and flies with larger eyes generally had a shorter inter-ocular distance and vice versa. We then carried out quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of intra-specific variation in eye size and inter-ocular distance in both D. melanogaster and D. simulans. This revealed that different genomic regions underlie variation in eye size and inter-ocular distance in both species, which we corroborated by introgression mapping in D. simulans. This suggests that although there is a trade-off between eye size and inter-ocular distance, variation in these two traits is likely to be caused by different genes and so can be genetically decoupled. Finally, although we detected QTL for intra-specific variation in eye size at similar positions in D. melanogaster and D. simulans, we observed differences in eye fate commitment between strains of these two species. This indicates that different developmental mechanisms and therefore, most likely, different genes contribute to eye size variation in these species. Taken together with the results of previous studies, our findings suggest that the gene regulatory network that specifies eye size has evolved at multiple genetic nodes to give rise to natural variation in this trait within and among species.

Intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in sex pheromones of sibling species inCtenopseustis obliquana complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clearwater ◽  
S. P. Foster ◽  
S. J. Muggleston ◽  
J. S. Dugdale ◽  
E. Priesner
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Interspecific Differences

Variation in the choanal structure of Recent turtles

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Almost All

The choanal regions of all the living genera and almost all of the living forms of turtles are described, based on a sample of over 4000 specimens. In all families of cryptodires except the cheloniids and derrnochelyids there are usually ridges or flaps along the lateral margins of the choanae. In chelydrids, most kinosternids, some platystemids, some emydids, and some trionychids there is a papilla or bulge extending medially into the choana from this flap or ridge, and in dermatemydids, carettochelyids, and some trionychids there may be several or many such papillae, Cheloniids have one, or in Chelonia many, papillae along the lateral choanal margin. Other forms lack these papillae. Dermochelyids and pleurodires have no special structures along the lateral choanal margins. In almost all cases there is some and often there is considerable variation in these structures.The possible phylogenetic and taxonomic implications of the findings are discussed. In some groups such as the genera of emydids, the choanal structure may prove to be taxonomically useful, but in other cases it does not seem helpful. For example, in the trionychids, the intra-specific variation is so great that it largely obscures the interspecific differences.

Tissue-specific variation in Hsp70 expression and thermal damage in Drosophila melanogaster larvae.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (14) ◽  
pp. 2007-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Krebs ◽  
M E Feder
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Shock Temperature ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Imaginal Disks

All tissues of larval Drosophila melanogaster express Hsp70, the major heat-shock protein of this species, after both mild (36 degrees C) and severe (38.5 degrees C) heat shock. We used Hsp70-specific immunofluorescence to compare the rate and intensity of Hsp70 expression in various tissues after these two heat-shock treatments, and to compare this with related differences in the intensity of Trypan Blue staining shown by the tissues. Trypan Blue is a marker of tissue damage. Hsp70 was rarely detectable before heat shock. Brain, salivary glands, imaginal disks and hindgut expressed Hsp70 within the first hour of heat shock, whereas gut tissues, fat body and Malpighian tubules did not express Hsp70 until 4-21 h after heat shock. Differences in Hsp70 expression between tissues were more pronounced at the higher heat-shock temperature. Tissues that expressed Hsp70 slowly stained most intensely with Trypan Blue. Gut stained especially intensely, which suggests that its sensitivity to heat shock may limit larval thermotolerance. These patterns further suggest that some cells respond primarily to damage caused by heat shock rather than to elevated temperature per se and/or that Hsp70 expression is itself damaged by heat and requires time for recovery in some tissues.

scholarly journals Sex-specific variation in the emphasis, inducibility and timing of the post-mating immune response in Drosophila melanogaster

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1659) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade E Winterhalter ◽  
Kenneth M Fedorka
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Males And Females

Ecological immunology attempts to explain variation in immune function. Much of this work makes predictions about how potential hosts should invest in overall immunity. However, this ‘overall’ perspective under-emphasizes other critical aspects, such as the specificity, inducibility and timing of an immune response. Here, we investigate these aspects by examining gene regulation across several immune system components in both male and female Drosophila melanogaster prior to and after mating. To elucidate potentially important temporal dynamics, we also assayed several genes over time. We found that males and females emphasized different components of their immune system, however overall investment was similar. Specifically, the sexes emphasized different gene paralogues within major gene families, and males tended to invest more in gram-negative defence. By contrast, the inducibility of the immune response was both transient (lasting approx. 24 hours) and equal between the sexes. Furthermore, mating tended to induce humoral gene upregulation, while cell-mediated genes were unaffected. Within the humoral system, gram-negative bacterial defence genes exhibited a greater inducibility than those associated with fungal or gram-positive bacterial defence. Our results suggest that variation in the effectiveness of the immune response between the sexes may be driven by differences in emphasis rather than overall investment.

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