Influence on the variation in initiation of breeding in Peromyscus maniculatus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean T. Sharpe ◽  
J. S. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Stream Beds ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Overwinter Mortality ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forest Habitats

Correlates of the initiation of breeding by female Peromyscus maniculatus borealis (Mearns) were examined to test the hypotheses that asynchronous breeding was related to age, weight, matriline, and nest-site habitat. Life-history data were collected by mark–recapture techniques and by monitoring natal nests over two breeding seasons in 1985 and 1986. Timing of initiation of breeding was related significantly to nest-site habitat and age, but not to matriline or weight. At approximately the same altitude, females nesting in dry rocky stream beds bred first, followed by those in open rock fields, then shrub areas, and last in subalpine forest. Youngest animals bred first in all habitats, although the relationship between age and initiation date was weak. Habitat effects appeared to be primarily related to microclimatic effects. The influence of habitat on the timing of initiation of breeding also had consequences for reproductive success, total reproductive output, and survival. Reproductive success of first litters was greatest for females nesting in rocky stream beds in the spring and least for females nesting in shrub and forest habitats. The apparent advantages of early breeding in rocky stream beds were offset by greater overwinter mortality.

scholarly journals Double-brooding and annual breeding success of great tits in urban and forest habitats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Bukor ◽  
Gábor Seress ◽  
Ivett Pipoly ◽  
Krisztina Sándor ◽  
Csenge Sinkovics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Double Brooding ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract Urban areas differ from natural habitats in several environmental features that influence the characteristics of animals living there. For example, birds often start breeding seasonally earlier and fledge fewer offspring per brood in cities than in natural habitats. However, longer breeding seasons in cities may increase the frequency of double-brooding in urban compared to non-urban populations, thus potentially increasing urban birds’ annual reproductive output and resulting in lower habitat difference in reproductive success than estimated by studies focusing on first clutches only. In this study, we investigated two urban and two forests great tit Parus major populations from 2013 to 2019. We compared the probability of double-brooding and the total number of annually fledged chicks per female between urban and forest habitats, while controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables. There was a trend for a higher probability of double-brooding in urban (44% of females) than in forest populations (36%), although this was not consistent between the two urban sites. Females produced significantly fewer fledglings annually in the cities than in the forest sites, and this difference was present both within single- and double-brooded females. Furthermore, double-brooded urban females produced a similar number of fledglings per season as single-brooded forest females. These results indicate that double-brooding increases the reproductive success of female great tits in both habitats, but urban females cannot effectively compensate in this way for their lower reproductive output per brood. However, other mechanisms, like increased post-fledging survival can mitigate habitat differences in reproductive success.

938-P: The Relationship between Timing of Initiation on a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and HbA1c among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 938-P
Author(s):  
RALEIGH E. MALIK ◽  
REEMA MODY ◽  
MAUREEN J. LAGE ◽  
KRISTINA BOYE
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
The Relationship

Association of Weather and Nest-Site Structure with Reproductive Success in California Spotted Owls

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm North ◽  
George Steger ◽  
Renee Denton ◽  
Gary Eberlein ◽  
Tom Munton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Spotted Owls

The relationship of buried, germinating seeds to vegetation in an old-growth Colorado subalpine forest

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1505-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
The Relationship

Species of buried, germinating seeds and species occurring in the vegetation are compared for two Colorado subalpine forest stands, one dry and one mesic, both over 325 years old. The total numbers of seeds found were small and the correspondence with species in the vegetation was poor. This is consistent with reports from other old-growth forests and may be accounted for by a combination of low seed input and rapid loss of viable seeds from the soil reservoir for old-growth forest species.

Annual Reproductive Yield in the Cooperative Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea)

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Sydeman ◽  
Marcel Güntert ◽  
Russell P. Balda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We studied cooperative-breeding Pygmy Nuthatches (Sitta pygmaea) for 4 yr in northern Arizona. Breeding units contained 2-5 birds. Helpers were found at about 30% of all nests. All helpers that later bred on the study area were male. Helpers were mostly yearlings, and offspring or siblings of the birds that they aided, but often aided at least one unrelated breeder. Breeding units with helpers produced significantly more young than those without helpers. Breeding units in habitats with the greatest floral diversity and structural maturity fledged significantly more young than those in other habitats. Habitat did not influence the effect of helpers. Year effects increased the strength of the relationship between helpers and annual reproductive output. Previous breeding experience and pair-bond duration were not related to reproductive success. Total brood loss, although rare, was responsible for the difference in reproductive output among pairs with and without helpers and between habitats. Breeding birds with helpers benefit by an increase in direct fitness. The advantage to the helpers is not clear but may be an increase in indirect fitness associated with aiding relatives. Helpers may benefit directly, however, by sharing roosting cavities on a group territory thereby enhancing overwinter survival.

Nest Site Selection and Consequences for Reproductive Success of the Endangered Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi)

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Robinette Ha ◽  
John M. Morton ◽  
James C. Ha ◽  
Lainie Berry ◽  
Sheldon Plentovich
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Site Selection

Nest-site selection in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica: What predicts seasonal reproductive success?

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1533-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jo Safran
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Hirundo Rustica ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Nest Location ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Site Characteristics

Despite hundreds of studies, we know very little about the causes and fitness-related consequences of nest-site selection. For example, it is not typically known whether the rarely reported fitness consequences of site selection are the result of nest, individual, or nest-site variables or combinations of these factors. Reuse of previously constructed nest sites is a prevalent behavior in many animals and offers the opportunity to experimentally tease apart whether seasonal reproductive success is a function of nest, individual, or nest-site characteristics. I used observational and experimental data to test three hypotheses related to these factors in association with barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica L., 1758) nest reuse. While both nest and individual characteristics explain variation in seasonal reproductive success, nest location per se is not an important factor defining the outcome of nest-site selection. Whereas traits related to habitat and individual characteristics are likely confounded in correlational studies, my experiments demonstrate a causal relationship between seasonal reproductive success and aspects of the nest and individual, the latter explaining more variation in the model than nest characteristics. Knowledge of the relative roles of individual, nest, and nest-site attributes are important for understanding the causes and consequences of habitat selection behavior.

scholarly journals There goes the neighborhood: White-crowned Sparrow nest site selection and reproductive success as local density declines

The Condor ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Porzig ◽  
Nathaniel E. Seavy ◽  
John M. Eadie ◽  
Thomas Gardali ◽  
Diana L. Humple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Nest Site Selection
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