Genie differentiation in spiny pocket mice of the Liomys pictus species-group (family Heteromyidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1912-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duke S. Rogers ◽  
Mark D. Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Discontinuous Distribution ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Very High ◽  
Group Family

Electromorphic variation at 33 presumptive genetic loci within and among samples of the Liomys pictus species-group from western, southern, and eastern Mexico was examined. Levels of heterozygosity and polymorphism within samples were low when compared with those of rodents in general, and genie divergence among samples was very high, resulting in a discontinuous distribution of alleles among localities. We hypothesize that some of these geographic discontinuities result from intrinsic barriers to gene flow within L. pictus. Genie variation in or near zones of overlap suggest that the following pairs of taxa segregate as distinct biological species: L. p. plantinarensis and L. spectabilis; L. p. plantinarensis and L. p. pictus; L. p. hispidus and L. p. pictus. Liomys spectabilis is more similar genically to adjacent populations of L. p. pictus in northwestern México than samples of L. pictus are to each other. As presently defined, L. pictus appears to be paraphyletic and probably is a composite of several morphologically cryptic species.

scholarly journals Genomic phylogeography of the White-crowned Manakin Pseudopipra pipra (Aves: Pipridae) illuminates a continental-scale radiation out of the Andes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Berv ◽  
Leonardo Campagna ◽  
Teresa J. Feo ◽  
Ivandy Castro-Astor ◽  
Camila C. Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe complex landscape history of the Neotropics has generated opportunities for population isolation and subsequent diversification that place this region among the most species-rich in the world. Detailed phylogeographic studies are required to uncover the biogeographic histories of Neotropical taxa, to identify evolutionary correlates of diversity, and to reveal patterns of genetic connectivity, disjunction, and potential differentiation among lineages from different areas of endemism. The White-crowned Manakin (Pseudopipra pipra) is a small suboscine passerine bird that is broadly distributed through the subtropical rainforests of Central America, the lower montane cloud forests of the Andes from Colombia to central Peru, the lowlands of Amazonia and the Guianas, and the Atlantic forest of southeast Brazil. Pseudopipra is currently recognized as a single, polytypic biological species. We studied the effect of the Neotropical landscape on genetic and phenotypic differentiation within this species using genomic data derived from double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD), and mitochondrial DNA. Most of the genetic breakpoints we identify among populations coincide with physical barriers to gene flow previously associated with avian areas of endemism. The phylogenetic relationships among these populations imply a novel pattern of Andean origination for this group, with subsequent diversification into the Amazonian lowlands. Our analysis of genomic admixture and gene flow establishes a complex history of introgression between some western Amazonian populations. These reticulate processes confound our application of standard concatenated and coalescent phylogenetic methods and raise the question of whether a lineage in the western Napo area of endemism should be considered a hybrid species. Lastly, analysis of variation in vocal and plumage phenotypes in the context of our phylogeny supports the hypothesis that Pseudopipra is a species-complex composed of at least 8, and perhaps up to 17 distinct species which have arisen in the last ∼2.5 Ma.

scholarly journals Achieving High-Speed Retraction in a Stretchable Hydrogel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Badani Prado ◽  
Satish Mishra ◽  
Buckston Morgan ◽  
Rangana Wijayapala ◽  
Seyed Meysam Hashemnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Power Amplification ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Very High

Many biological species apply the power amplification mechanism for locomotion, feeding, and protection. In power amplification, a biological system rapidly releases stored-energy by achieving a very high velocity over a short period of time, resulting in high power output. Such power amplification allows insects such as locust to jump and Mantis shrimp to kill prey by its appendage strike. Biological elastomeric polymers such as resilin play a vital role in the power amplification process because of their high stretchability and resilience. In synthetic materials, although<br>crosslinked rubbers display high stretchability and resilience, such is difficult to achieve in the water-containing systems such as in hydrogels, commonly considered materials for mimicking biological tissues. Here, we have used a simple free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), methacrylamide (MAAm), and polypropylene glycol diacrylate (PPGDA) to obtain hydrogels. In these gels, the polymerized AAc and MAAm act as hydrophilic blocks and PPG as hydrophobic, and the gel structure resemble that of resilin consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The bioinspired gels display very high stretchability, as high as eight times the original length, and greater than 90% resilience. In addition, the gel samples can reach a retraction velocity of 16 m/s with an acceleration of 4X10^3 m/s2. These values are similar or better than those observed in water containing biological systems, such as appendage strikes in Mantis shrimp, etc. To the best of our knowledge, such performance has not been reported in the<br>literature for any water containing networks.

scholarly journals Identifying biochemical phenotypic differences between cryptic species

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 20140615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Liebeke ◽  
Michael W. Bruford ◽  
Robert K. Donnelly ◽  
Timothy M. D. Ebbels ◽  
Jie Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Molecular genetic methods can distinguish divergent evolutionary lineages in what previously appeared to be single species, but it is not always clear what functional differences exist between such cryptic species. We used a metabolomic approach to profile biochemical phenotype (metabotype) differences between two putative cryptic species of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus . There were no straightforward metabolite biomarkers of lineage, i.e. no metabolites that were always at higher concentration in one lineage. Multivariate methods, however, identified a small number of metabolites that together helped distinguish the lineages, including uncommon metabolites such as N ε-trimethyllysine, which is not usually found at high concentrations. This approach could be useful for characterizing functional trait differences, especially as it is applicable to essentially any species group, irrespective of its genome sequencing status.

Developmental temperature responses of Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a member of the European carnea cryptic species group

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Pappas ◽  
E. Karagiorgou ◽  
G. Papaioannou ◽  
D.S. Koveos ◽  
G.D. Broufas
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Developmental Temperature ◽  
Temperature Responses

Tests of conspecificity for closely related black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) species of the Simulium striatum group in Thailand

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (3) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIRINAPA PANGJANDA ◽  
PAIROT PRAMUAL
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Elongation Complex ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Gill Filaments

Four black fly species of the Simulium striatum species group have been recorded in Thailand. These species are morphologically highly similar in all developmental stages except for the number and arrangement of the pupal gill filaments. In this study, we used multiple characters sources, including morphology, cytology, molecular biology and ecology, to test the hypothesis of conspecificity for S. quinquestriatum (Shiraki), S. nakhonense Takaoka & Suzuki and S. chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki. A molecular study based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was unable to separate these taxa. In contrast, the elongation complex protein 1 (ECP1) sequences clearly differentiate S. quinquestriatum from S. chiangmaiense and S. nakhonense. However, the latter two taxa could not be differentiated based on molecular DNA sequences. Simulium chiangmaiense and S. nakhonense are also similar in the larval habitat characteristics and have undifferentiated polytene chromosome banding patterns. Morphological examination of the number and arrangement of the pupal gill filaments found a number of intermediate forms. Therefore, S. chiangmaiense and S. nakhonense are apparently the same biological species that is polymorphic for the number and arrangement of gill filaments. Thus, we synonymized S. chiangmaiense with S. nakhonense. 

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