ECOLOGY OF DIPTEROCARP FORESTS AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR ISLAND REHABILITATION IN LEYTE, PHILIPPINES

1996 ◽  
pp. 124-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef MARGRAF ◽  
Paciencia P. MILAN
Keyword(s):  
Dipterocarp Forests

Resource allocation to reproductive organs during masting in the tropical emergent tree, Dipterocarpus tempehes

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Ichie ◽  
Tanaka Kenta ◽  
Michiko Nakagawa ◽  
Kaori Sato ◽  
Tohru Nakashizuka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Interspecific Synchronization

Some tree species exhibit large year-to-year variation in seed production, a phenomenon known as masting (Kelly 1994, Kelly & Sork 2002). Even in tropical rain forests, in which the climate is suitable for plant growth all year round with little seasonal variation (Whitmore 1998), there are many reports of masting (Appanah 1993, Hart 1995, Newbery et al. 1998, Newstrom et al. 1994, Wheelwright 1986). In particular, Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant family in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests in South-East Asia, undergo mast fruiting following mass-flowering with strong interspecific synchronization in aseasonal western Malesia (Appanah 1985, 1993; Ashton 1989, Ashton et al. 1988, Curran et al. 1999, Janzen 1974, Medway 1972, Sakai et al. 1999, Whitmore 1998, Wood 1956). In mixed-dipterocarp forests, dipterocarp species contribute more than 70% of the canopy biomass (Bruenig 1996, Curran & Leighton 2000). Masting of dipterocarp species is therefore likely to have a major impact on animal populations, and also on the nutrient cycle in such forest ecosystems by causing fluctuations in the availability of resources (Sakai 2002).

Regeneration methods for dipterocarp forests of wet tropical Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Tropics

Dipterocarp forests of the Asian wet tropics have a long history of silvicultural research. This paper provides a review of this history and a summary of the ecological principles guiding the regeneration methods used. Dipterocarp forests are here defined as those of the seasonally wet regions of Thailand, Burma, and India, and those that are considered of the mixed dipterocarp forest type that dominate the aseasonal wet regions of Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and parts of Indonesia and the Philippines. Two silvicultural regeneration methods are described, shelterwoods and their variants, and selection systems. Both systems can be justified but emphasis is given to the development of shelterwood and selection regeneration methods that are tailored to the particular biological and social context at hand. The paper concludes with a call for improved land-use planning and stand typing to better integrate service and protection values with those values focused on commodity production. Key words: Dipterocarpus, hill forest, non-timber forest products, polycyclic, regeneration, selection, shelterwood, Shorea

Traits associated with nutrient impoverishment and shade-tolerance in tree juveniles of three Bornean rain forests with contrasting nutrient availability

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Aoyagi ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Nutrient Impoverishment

Abstract:In this study, we tested the hypothesis that functional traits associated with nutrient impoverishment contribute to enhancing shade-tolerance (survival at low light) for the juveniles of canopy tree species in Bornean rain forests. To test the hypothesis, survival and functional traits (biomass allocation, leaf dynamics and foliar nutrient concentration) were investigated as a function of light conditions for saplings of 13 species in three forests with different levels of nutrient availability. As predicted by the hypothesis, the species in the severely nutrient-poor site (a tropical heath forest on nutrient-poor soils) showed greater shade-tolerance (>91% survival for 8 mo at 5% global site factor) than in the other two sites (mixed dipterocarp forests) (54–87% survival). Across the species, greater shade-tolerance was associated with a higher biomass allocation to roots, a slower leaf production and a higher foliar C concentration, which are considered as C-conservation traits under nutrient impoverishment. These results suggest that the juveniles of the canopy species occurring on nutrient-poor soils can enhance shade-tolerance by the same mechanisms as the adaptation to nutrient impoverishments. Tree species in nutrient-poor environments may be selected for surviving also in shaded conditions.

Financial and ecological analysis of management options for logged-over Dipterocarp forests in Indonesian Borneo

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. van Gardingen ◽  
M.J. McLeish ◽  
P.D. Phillips ◽  
Dadang Fadilah ◽  
G. Tyrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Options ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Kalaw (Buceros Hydrocorax L.) at the Foothills of Mt. Pangasugan, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Teofanes Patindol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fig Trees

Mt. Pangasugan contains one of the few remaining intact lowland dipterocarp forests in Leyte which is home to many threatened avain species including the Kalaw. The study aimed to understand the spatial distribution and temporal activities of kalaw to provide information to support conservation progrom. The preferred habitat of kalaw was characterized by the dominance of species belonging to family Dipterocarpaceae and gap species of Araliaceae and Moraceae. Kalaw occurred in stands where there were large trees with natural cavities which could be used for nesting and fig trees and other fruit bearing gap species as source of food. Specific perches were big tall trees which comprise the canopy and emergent layers. The result of the study suggest strengthening protection of the remaingin secondary forest as habitat of kalaw and put a stop to current activities that may have affected the biological clock of Kalaw

scholarly journals Influence of tree size, taxonomy, and edaphic conditions on heart rot in mixed-dipterocarp Bornean rainforests: implications for aboveground biomass estimates

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 6821-6861 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Heineman ◽  
S. E. Russo ◽  
I. C. Baillie ◽  
J. D. Mamit ◽  
P. P.-K. Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract. Fungal decay of heartwood creates hollows and areas of reduced wood density within the stems of living trees known as heart rot. Although heart rot is acknowledged as a source of error in forest aboveground biomass estimates, there are few datasets available to evaluate the environmental controls over heart rot infection and severity in tropical forests. Using legacy and recent data from drilled, felled, and cored stems in mixed dipterocarp forests in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, we quantified the frequency and severity of heart rot, and used generalized linear mixed effect models to characterize the association of heart rot with tree size, wood density, taxonomy, and edaphic conditions. Heart rot was detected in 55% of felled stems > 30 cm DBH, while the detection frequency was lower for stems of the same size evaluated by non-destructive drilling (45%) and coring (23%) methods. Heart rot severity, defined as the percent stem volume lost in infected stems, ranged widely from 0.1–82.8%. Tree taxonomy explained the greatest proportion of variance in heart rot frequency and severity among the fixed and random effects evaluated in our models. Heart rot frequency, but not severity, increased sharply with tree diameter, ranging from 56% infection across all datasets in stems > 50 cm DBH to 11% in trees 10–30 cm DBH. The frequency and severity of heart rot increased significantly in soils with low pH and cation concentrations in topsoil, and heart rot was more common in tree species associated with dystrophic sandy soils than with nutrient-rich clays. When scaled to forest stands, the percent of stem biomass lost to heart rot varied significantly with soil properties, and we estimate that 7% of the forest biomass is in some stage of heart rot decay. This study demonstrates not only that heart rot is a significant source of error in forest carbon estimates, but also that it strongly covaries with soil resources, underscoring the need to account for edaphic variation in estimating carbon storage in tropical forests.

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