A PHANTOM TEST OF PROTON-INDUCED DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ANGIOGRAPHY USING IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. OGURI ◽  
J. HASEGAWA ◽  
M. OGAWA ◽  
J. KANEKO ◽  
K. SASA
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cdte Detector ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Subtraction Procedure ◽  
Energy Subtraction

Characteristic-line radiation from heavy metal targets bombarded by MeV proton beams has been tested as an X-ray source for dual-energy K-edge subtraction imaging for human angiography (blood vessel imaging) based on iodinated contrast media. To utilize the strong absorption by iodine (Z = 53) at its K-absorption edge (33.2 keV), we used K α-line of La (lanthanum, Z = 57) at 33.4 keV. As a reference, also K α X emission of Sn (tin, Z = 50) at 25.2 keV was employed. Metallic plates of La and Sn were irradiated by 7-MeV protons to produce these characteristic X-rays. Energy-subtraction method was tested using Lucite phantoms which contain aqueous solutions of KI (potassium iodide) with different concentrations. Also Ca ( H 2 PO 4)2 powder was stuffed in these phantoms to simulate bones. The transmission images of the phantoms were recorded on imaging plates. During the exposure, the energy spectra of the X-rays were monitored by a CdTe detector. We found that the contrast of images of iodide solutions taken with La X-rays was higher than that with Sn X-rays. Also the energy subtraction procedure was successfully applied to reduce the graphical noise due to the bones and inhomogeneity of the soft tissue. However, to apply the present method to actual clinical use, the X-ray intensity must be increased by several orders of magnitude. Also the transmission of the “lower-energy” photons has to be a few orders higher for imaging of objects as thick as human chest.

scholarly journals Iodinated contrast media

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Sami S. Alshowiman ◽  
Abdullah H Sahrah ◽  
Ayman K. Alswailem ◽  
Saud F. Alotaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz A. ALtowaijiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Life Threatening

Contrast media are the materials utilized in radiology to improve the visualization of certain body structures subjected to analysis in a medical image. Contrast media are, then, diagnostic drugs because they increase the visibility of organs and tissues and allow the identification of details that otherwise could not be observed. With the introduction of multidetector computed tomography the number of patients undergoing contrast studies has grown exponentially in recent years. In computed tomography the formation of the radiographic image is obtained with the use of contrast media containing iodine atoms, exploiting the different attenuation that the X-ray beam presents in crossing the anatomical districts. The Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) are a category of numerous substances formed by even complex molecules that vary considerably in their properties, uses and toxic effects. Even though iodinated contrast agents have a good safety profile, it is necessary to understand that some patients can have severe, life-threatening allergic reactions because of the side effects of the chemicals. This paper describes the clinical pharmacology, use and adverse reactions of intravenous iodinated contrast media used in computerized tomography, offering all doctors, even non-radiologists, the opportunity for rapid updating.

Improving Visualisation of In-Vivo Root Anatomy and Fluid Transport in Soil Using Iodinated Contrast in Synchrotron XCT and XRF

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum Scotson ◽  
Katherine Williams ◽  
Daniel McKay Fletcher ◽  
Nicolai Koebernick ◽  
Arjen van Veelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Non Destructive

<p>Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SRXCT) imaging is a technique now commonly deployed for non-destructive 3D visualisation of root morphology in soil environments. However, visualising the internal anatomy of roots in soil using SRXCT can be difficult since the energy required for sufficient X-ray transmission through soil often results in poor contrast between root tissues. This reduces the amount of obtainable information about root anatomy and the effects of the soil environment on plant root internal structure. Contrast media is often used in SRXCT imaging to increase the contrast between tissues, enabling greater ease of both visualisation and image processing for internal structures of biological material.</p><p>In this work, we demonstrate that by introducing root material exposed to iodinated contrast media we can overcome these limitations and visualise internal root anatomy of in vivo roots intact within soil. To achieve this, we undertook time-resolved SRXCT imaging of juvenile maize plants growing in a specially designed growth system over a period of 24 hours. This system was designed such that only the base of the primary root would be suspended into iodinated contrast media whilst the rest of the root system remained in soil partially saturated with water, and the plant remained intact and alive. This enabled the basal section of primary root to take up iodinated contrast media without dispersal of the contrast media into the soil. Following the time-resolved imaging of the root system, leaf and stem material were then imaged using SRXCT and mapped using synchrotron X-ray florescence (SRXRF). Using this system, we were able to visualise and segment anatomical root features that are otherwise difficult to capture in vivo in soil using non-destructive 3D imaging such as vascular bundles (including phloem, xylem and proto-xylem) and structures within the cortex. We also gained inferences into fluid flow and transport within in vivo roots in soil based on this technique. The SRXCT imaging as well as the SRXRF mapping of stem and leaf material confirmed transport of the iodinated contrast media through plant vasculature and the distribution into leaf venation. This investigation demonstrates the quantity of data on internal root anatomy and fluid transport for in-vivo roots in soil that could be yielded from SRXCT and SRXRF in future.</p>

scholarly journals CT and MR imaging of the thoracic aorta

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Di Cesare ◽  
Alessandra Splendiani ◽  
Antonio Barile ◽  
Ettore Squillaci ◽  
Annamaria Di Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Movement Artifact ◽  
Acute Aortic Disease ◽  
New Generation

AbstractAt present time, both CT and MRI are valuable techniques in the study of the thoracic aorta. Nowadays, CT represents the most widely employed technique for the study of the thoracic aorta. The new generation CTs show sensitivities up to 100% and specificities of 98-99%. Sixteen and wider row detectors provide isotropic pixels, mandatory for the ineludible longitudinal reconstruction. The main limits are related to the X-ray dose expoure and the use of iodinated contrast media. MRI has great potential in the study of the thoracic aorta. Nevertheless, if compared to CT, acquisition times remain longer and movement artifact susceptibility higher. The main MRI disadvantages are claustrophobia, presence of ferromagnetic implants, pacemakers, longer acquisition times with respect to CT, inability to use contrast media in cases of renal insufficiency, lower spatial resolution and less availability than CT. CT is preferred in the acute aortic disease. Nevertheless, since it requires iodinated contrast media and X-ray exposure, it may be adequately replaced by MRI in the follow up of aortic diseases. The main limitation of MRI, however, is related to the scarce visibility of stents and calcifications.

scholarly journals `Gadolinium' as an Alternative to Iodinated Contrast Media for X-Ray Angiography in Patients With Severe Allergy

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keika Ose ◽  
Tomoki Doue ◽  
Kan Zen ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Hadase ◽  
Takahisa Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

scholarly journals Enhanced radiation dose and DNA damage associated with iodinated contrast media in diagnostic X-ray imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1079) ◽  
pp. 20170028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harbron ◽  
Elizabeth A Ainsbury ◽  
Simon D Bouffler ◽  
Rick J Tanner ◽  
Jonathan S Eakins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Developing a system for in vivo imaging of maize roots containing iodinated contrast media in soil using synchrotron XCT and XRF

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum P. Scotson ◽  
Arjen van Veelen ◽  
Katherine A. Williams ◽  
Nicolai Koebernick ◽  
Dan McKay Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
X Ray Computed

Abstract Aims We sought to develop a novel experimental system which enabled application of iodinated contrast media to in vivo plant roots intact in soil and was compatible with time-resolved synchrotron X-ray computed tomography imaging. The system was developed to overcome issues of low contrast to noise within X-ray computed tomography images of plant roots and soil environments, the latter of which can complicate image processing and result in the loss of anatomical information. Methods To demonstrate the efficacy of the system we employ the novel use of both synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping to capture the translocation of the contrast media through root vasculature into the leaves. Results With the application of contrast media we identify fluid flow in root vasculature and visualise anatomical features, which are otherwise often only observable in ex vivo microscopy, including: the xylem, metaxylem, pith, fibres in aerenchyma and leaf venation. We are also able to observe interactions between aerenchyma cross sectional area and solute transport in the root vasculature with depth. Conclusions Our novel system was capable of successfully delivering sufficient contrast media into root and leaf tissues such that anatomical features could be visualised and internal fluid transport observed. We propose that our system could be used in future to study internal plant transport mechanisms and parameterise models for fluid flow in plants.

scholarly journals The impact of iodinated contrast media on intravascular and extravascular absorbed doses in X-ray imaging: A microdosimetric analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Harbron ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ainsbury ◽  
Simon D. Bouffler ◽  
Rick J. Tanner ◽  
Mark S. Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
The Impact
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