APPLICATION OF PIXE TO SEPARATION SCIENCE - TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS BY A COMBINED METHOD, ISOTACHOPHORESIS-PIXE -

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKESHI HIROKAWA ◽  
YOSHIYUKI KISO
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Separation Science ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Level

Recent studies were reviewed on the PIXE analysis of metal ions preseparated by means of capillary type isotachophoresis (ITP-PIXE). The principle was described of isotacho-phoresis which was one of electrophoretic methods with high separability and concentration ability. Some applications of ITP-PIXE were demonstrated on the investigation of the separation behavior of metal ions and the analysis of trace elements in a crude rare earth chloride from a monazite and a model mixture of a high level liquid waste. It was revealed that PIXE could be a powerful detection method for the fractions of isotacho-phoresis because of its high sensitivity and multielemental analyzability. Since the matrix effect in X-ray measurement was significantly reduced by such preseparation, the minor elements could be determined accurately.

Studies on the feasibility of using completely incinerable reagents for the single-cycle separation of americium(III) from simulated high-level liquid waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Nayak ◽  
R. Kumaresan ◽  
Shivkumar Chaurasia ◽  
K. A. Venkatesan ◽  
G. G. S. Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Solvent Phase ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe extraction and stripping behavior of various metal ions present in the fast reactor simulated high-level liquid waste (FR-SHLLW) was studied using a solvent phase composed of a neutral extractant,

Effect of pKa on the extraction behavior of Am(III) in organo phosphorus acid and diglycolamide solvent system

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rama Swami ◽  
R. Kumaresan ◽  
P. K. Nayak ◽  
K. A. Venkatesan ◽  
M. P. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Cyanex 272 ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Trivalent Actinides ◽  
High Level

AbstractA combination of neutral and acidic extractant has been proposed for the single-cycle separation of trivalent actinides from high-level liquid waste (HLLW). The nature of acidic extractant in the combined solvent formulation plays a profound role in deciding the extraction and stripping of trivalent actinides. Therefore, the extraction behavior of Am(III) in a solution of tetra-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-diglycolamide (TEHDGA) and acidic extractant (HA) was studied from nitric acid medium. The acidic extractants chosen were bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid (PC88A) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (CYANEX-272) whose pKavalues were 3.24, 4.51 and 6.37, respectively. The distribution ratio of Am(III) was measured as a function of various parameters such as concentration of nitric acid, TEHDGA, HA etc. The data were compared with those obtained in individual solvent systems namely 0.1 M TEHDGA/n-DD and HA/n-DD. Slope analysis of the extraction data indicated the synergic participation of both TEHDGA and HDEHP in the extraction of Am(III) at all acidities. However, antagonistic effect was observed at lower acidity when TEHDGA was mixed to PC88A or CYANEX-272 present inn-DD. Accordingly, a suitable mechanism has been proposed for the extraction of Am(III) at all acidities using these combined solvent formulation. Studies with fast reactor simulated high level liquid waste indicated that extraction of Am(III) was accompanied by co-extraction of lanthanides and unwanted metal ions such as Zr(IV), Mo(VI), Y(III) and Pd(II). However, addition of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N,N′-tetraaceticacid (CyDTA) reduced the extraction of unwanted metal ions. Batch extraction and stripping studies indicated the possibility of using 0.1 M TEHDGA+0.25 M HDEHP inn-dodecane for the single cycle separation of Am(III) from FR-SHLLW.

Extraction and separation of Am(III) and Sr(II) by N,N,N´,N´-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA)

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
Y. Sugo ◽  
A. Apichaibukol ◽  
T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Counter Anion ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
High Level

SummaryBy using an extractant, N,N,N´,N´-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA), extraction and separation of Sr(II) from Am(III) were investigated for the partitioning of high level liquid waste (HLLW). Both metal ions, accompanied with the counter anion, NO

scholarly journals Micro-PIXE analysis on adsorbent of extraction chromatography for MA(III) recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Y. Takahatake ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
H. Kofuji ◽  
M. Takeuchi ◽  
K. Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Chromatography ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
High Level

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting research and development of MA(III) recovery from high level liquid waste (HLLW) by extraction chromatography technology for reduction in amount and environmental impact of radioactive waste. The behavior of adsorbed cations inside the adsorbent packed in a column is necessary to be evaluated for improvement of the adsorbent or flow-sheet to achieve targeted MA(III) recovery performance. In this paper, micro-PIXE analysis was carried out on the particles sampled from various positions of the column to reveal the behavior of cations inside the packed column with CMPO/SiO2-P adsorbent using RE(III) as simulated elements of MA(III). Simple experiment and data analysis were shown to be effective to reveal inside of the column, and formation and transportation of the adsorption bands were observed for some cations which are extractable by the CMPO extractant. Some part of Zr(IV) and Mo(VI) were found to remain inside the column without distinct transportation even after the elution operation. Those results will contribute to design more practical MA(III) recovery flow-sheet.

APPLICATIONS OF X-RAY EMISSION TO ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FOODS

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT G. FLOCCHINI ◽  
MANUEL C. LAGUNAS-SOLAR ◽  
BRIAN P. PERLEY
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Non Destructive

Trace element analysis via X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) techniques were applied to several samples of fresh and processed foods. Thin samples of fresh fruits and vegetables, processed dry foods. and spices were included in these analyses. The results indicate that XRF and/or PIXE analysis is applicable to these types of samples but require special and simple modifications in sample preparation techniques, and the inclusion of new matrix type corrections for data analysis. However, the non-destructive nature, reproducibility, efficiency and high sensitivity that characterize these multi-element analytical procedures can provide new potential methods for detecting trace elements in foods and in many agricultural commodities. Toxic metals such as Hg, Pb. and As were detected in some foods. In addition, other essential or neutral trace elements such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Cr, V, Zn, Mo, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Cl, S, and P were also detected. These and other elements can be analyzed rapidly and with high sensitivity for applications in process control and for certification of food quality. Developing these techniques and procedures specifically for food and for various agricultural products may provide new analytical options and help mitigate the expected impact of forthcoming regulations intended to establish limits and tolerance levels for micro toxicants and other essential nutrients in foods and agricultural products.

scholarly journals Vitrification of HLW Produced by Uranium/Molybdenum Fuel Reprocessing in COGEMA’s Cold Crucible Melter

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Do Quang ◽  
V. Petitjean ◽  
F. Hollebecque ◽  
O. Pinet ◽  
T. Flament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Glass Layer ◽  
Cold Crucible ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Glass Formulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fuel Reprocessing ◽  
High Frequency Induction

The performance of the vitrification process currently used in the La Hague commercial reprocessing plants has been continuously improved during more than ten years of operation. In parallel COGEMA (industrial Operator), the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and SGN (respectively COGEMA’s R&D provider and Engineering) have developed the cold crucible melter vitrification technology to obtain greater operating flexibility, increased plant availability and further reduction of secondary waste generated during operations. The cold crucible is a compact water-cooled melter in which the radioactive waste and the glass additives are melted by direct high frequency induction. The cooling of the melter produces a soldified glass layer that protects the melter’s inner wall from corrosion. Because the heat is transferred directly to the melt, high operating temperatures can be achieved with no impact on the melter itself. COGEMA plans to implement the cold crucible technology to vitrify high level liquid waste from reprocessed spent U-Mo-Sn-Al fuel (used in gas cooled reactor). The cold crucible was selected for the vitrification of this particularly hard-to-process waste stream because it could not be reasonably processed in the standard hot induction melters currently used at the La Hague vitrification facilities: the waste has a high molybdenum content which makes it very corrosive and also requires a special high temperature glass formulation to obtain sufficiently high waste loading factors (12% in molybednum). A special glass formulation has been developed by the CEA and has been qualified through lab and pilot testing to meet standard waste acceptance criteria for final disposal of the U-Mo waste. The process and the associated technologies have been also being qualified on a full-scale prototype at the CEA pilot facility in Marcoule. Engineering study has been integrated in parallel in order to take into account that the Cold Crucible should be installed remotely in one of the R7 vitrification cell. This paper will present the results obtained in the framework of these qualification programs.

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