Effects of Acupuncture on Tissue-Oxygenation of the Rat Brain

1977 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Chen ◽  
Wilhelm Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Unconscious Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Inspiratory Oxygen

Acupuncture has been claimed to be effective in restoring consciousness in some comatose patients. Possible mechanisms to explain alleged acupuncture-induced arousal may include vasodilatory effects caused by sympathetic stimulation which leads to an augmentation of cerebral microcirculation and thereby improves oxygen supply to the brain tissue. Experiments were performed in ten albino rats (Wistar) employing PO 2 microelectrodes which were inserted into the cortex of the animals through small burholes. Brain tissue PO 2 was continuously recorded before, during, and after acupuncture. Stimulation of certain acupuncture loci (Go-26) resulted in immediate increase of PO 2 in the frontal cortex of the rat brain. This effect was reproducible. The effect was comparable to that obtained with increase of inspiratory CO 2 known to induce arterial vasodilatation and thus capillary perfusion pressure. The effect was more significant as compared to tissue PO 2 increases obtained after increase of inspiratory oxygen concentration from 21% to 100%. It appears that acupuncture causes an increase of brain tissue perfusion which may be, at least in part, responsible for arousal of unconscious patients. Dilatation of cerebral vascular vessels and improvement of autoregulation in the brain by acupuncture stimulation may also explain the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine headache.

Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Clozapine in Rat Brain Tissue, Using its Molecularly Imprinted Polymer after Administration of Toxic Dose of Drug and Lipid Emulsion Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri ◽  
Mohammad Moshiri ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue

Background:Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers that have a selective site for a given analyte, or a group of structurally related compounds, that make them ideal polymers to be used in separation processes.Objective:An optimized molecularly imprinted polymer was selected and applied for selective extraction and analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.Methods:A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method was developed for preconcentration and cleanup of clozapine in rat brain samples before HPLC-UV analysis. The extraction and analytical process was calibrated in the range of 0.025-100 ppm. Clozapine recovery in this MISPE process was calculated between 99.40 and 102.96%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the assay were 0.003 and 0.025 ppm, respectively. Intra-day precision values for clozapine concentrations of 0.125 and 0.025 ppm were 5.30 and 3.55%, whereas inter-day precision values of these concentrations were 9.23 and 6.15%, respectively. In this study, the effect of lipid emulsion infusion in reducing the brain concentration of drug was also evaluated.Results:The data indicated that calibrated method was successfully applied for the analysis of clozapine in the real rat brain samples after administration of a toxic dose to animal. Finally, the efficacy of lipid emulsion therapy in reducing the brain tissue concentration of clozapine after toxic administration of drug was determined.Conclusion:The proposed MISPE method could be applied in the extraction and preconcentration before HPLC-UV analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.

Resuscitation of Hypotensive Head-Injured Patients: Is Hypertonic Saline the Answer?

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Jose L. Pascual ◽  
Eileen Maloney-Wilensky ◽  
Patrick M. Reilly ◽  
Corinna Sicoutris ◽  
Michael K. Keutmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Brain Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Level I ◽  
Injured Patients

Hypertonic saline (HTS) may decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) in severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) and effectively resuscitates hypotensive patients. No data exist on institutional standardization of HTS for hypotensive patients with STBI. It remains unclear how HTS affects brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) in STBI. We hypothesized HTS could be safely standardized in patients with STBI and would lower ICP while improving cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and PbtO2. Under institutional guidelines in a Level I trauma center, 12 hypotensive STBI intensive care unit subjects received HTS. Inclusion criteria included mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≤ 90 mmHg, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8, ICP ≥ 20 mmHg, and serum [Na+] < 155 mEq/L. All patients underwent ICP monitoring. Hemodynamics, CPP, ICP, and PbtO2 data were collected before and hourly for 6 hours after HTS infusion. Guideline criteria compliance was greater than 95 per cent. No major complications occurred. Mean ICP levels dropped by 45 per cent (P < 0.01) and this drop persisted for 6 hours. CPP levels increased by 20 per cent (P < 0.05). PbtO2 remained persistently elevated for all time points after HTS infusion. Institutional use of HTS in STBI can be safely implemented in a center caring for neurotrauma patients. HTS infusion in hypotensive STBI reduces ICP and raises CPP. Brain tissue oxygenation tends to improve after HTS infusion.

scholarly journals The Effect of Steroid Treatment on Lipocortin Immunoreactivity of Rat Brain

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Go ◽  
J. G. Ter Haar ◽  
L. de Ley ◽  
F. Zuiderveen ◽  
L. Parente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Meningeal Cells ◽  
The Brain

Lipocortin-1, lipocortin-2 and lipocortin-5 were immunohistochemically assessed in rats. Apart from animals receiving no treatment, other animals received pretreatment with methylprednisolone, or the 21-aminosteroid U-74389F. Whereas Hpocortin immunoreactivity was absent in the greater part of the brain in animals not pretreated with steroid (except in sporadic microglial cells and choroid plexus), there was obvious immunostaining of parenchymatous elements in steroid pretreated animals. In the steroid pretreated animals lipocortin immunoreactivity of the brain tissue may indicate local formation of lipocortin under the influence of steroids that had entered the tissue. The cellular elements which showed immunostaining included meningeal cells, neurones, ependyma, oligodendroglia and capillary endotheHum.

DETECTION OF Ca2+-DEPENDENT NEURONAL ACTIVITY SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH DYNAMIC CHANGES IN CEREBRAL BLOOD VOLUME AND TISSUE OXYGENATION FROM THE LIVE RAT BRAIN

2009 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONGWU DU ◽  
ZHONGCHI LUO ◽  
MEI YU ◽  
HELENE BENVENISTE ◽  
MELISSA TULLY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Brain

We present a catheter-based optical diffusion and fluorescence (ODF) probe to study the functional changes of the brain in vivo. This ODF probe enables the simultaneous detection of the multi-wavelength absorbance and fluorescence emission from the living rat brain. Our previous studies, including a transient stroke experiment of the rat brain as well as the brain response to cocaine, have established the feasibility of simultaneously determining changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV), tissue oxygenation ( S t O 2) and intracellular calcium ([ Ca 2+]i, using the fluorescence indicator Rhod2). Here, we present our preliminary results of somatosensory response to electrical forepaw stimulation obtained from the rat cortical brain by using the ODF probe, which indicate that the probe could track brain activation by directly detecting [ Ca 2+]i along with separately distinguishing CBV and S t O 2 in real time. The changes of CBV, S t O 2 and [ Ca 2+]i are comparable with the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to the stimulation obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, the high temporal resolution of the optical methodology is advanced, thus providing a new modality for brain functional studies to understand the hemodynamic changes that underlie the neuronal activity.

Effect of trans sodium crocetinate on brain tumor oxgenation

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Sheehan ◽  
Jonathan Sherman ◽  
Christopher Cifarelli ◽  
Jay Jagannathan ◽  
Kasandra Dassoulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
Tumor Oxygenation ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
The Brain

Object Glioblastoma multiforme tumors typically exhibit regions of hypoxia. Hypoxic regions within the tumor make cells less sensitive to radiosurgery and radiation therapy. Trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) has been shown to be a radiosensitizer. The goal of this research was to elucidate the underlying mechanism of TSC's radiosensitizing effect. Methods A rat C6 glioma model was used. The C6 glioma cells were stereotactically injected into the rat brain to create a tumor. Two weeks later, MR imaging was used to confirm the presence of a glioma. Following demonstration on MR imaging of a brain tumor, animals were randomized into 1 of 2 groups: 1) TSC alone (100 μg/kg), or 2) saline control. Licox probes were inserted into the brain tumor and contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Tissue oxygenation measurements were recorded before and after intravenous infusion of either TSC or saline. Results Not surprisingly, tissue oxygenation measurements revealed that the brain tumor was hypoxic relative to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere brain tissue. Two to 8 minutes after TSC was infused, tissue oxygenation measurements in the brain tumor increased above baseline by as much as 60%. After this temporary elevation following TSC infusion, tumor oxygenation measurements returned to baseline. No significant elevations in tissue oxygenation were seen on the contralateral side. Similarly, the saline vehicle was not observed to increase tissue oxygenation in either the brain tumor or the contralateral brain tissue. Conclusions Administration of TSC transiently improves tissue oxygenation in hypoxic gliomas. Such an effect is one potential mechanism for the radiosensitization previously observed after addition of TSC.

scholarly journals Perfusion Pressure-Dependent Recovery of Cortical Spreading Depression is Independent of Tissue Oxygenation over a Wide Physiologic Range

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Sukhotinsky ◽  
Mohammad A Yaseen ◽  
Sava Sakadžić ◽  
Svetlana Ruvinskaya ◽  
John R Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glial Depolarization

Spreading depression (SD) is a slowly propagating wave of transient neuronal and glial depolarization that develops after stroke, trauma and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In compromised tissue, repetitive SD-like injury depolarizations reduce tissue viability by worsening the mismatch between blood flow and metabolism. Although the mechanism remains unknown, SDs show delayed electrophysiological recovery within the ischemic penumbra. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the recovery rate of SD can be varied by modulating tissue perfusion pressure and oxygenation. Systemic blood pressure and arterial pO2 were simultaneously manipulated in anesthetized rats under full physiologic monitoring. We found that arterial hypotension doubled the SD duration, whereas hypertension reduced it by a third compared with normoxic normotensive rats. Hyperoxia failed to shorten the prolonged SD durations in hypotensive rats, despite restoring tissue pO2. Indeed, varying arterial pO2 (40 to 400 mm Hg) alone did not significantly influence SD duration, whereas blood pressure (40 to 160 mm Hg) was inversely related to SD duration in compromised tissue. These data suggest that cerebral perfusion pressure is a critical determinant of SD duration independent of tissue oxygenation over a wide range of arterial pO2 levels, and that hypotension may be detrimental in stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage, where SD-like injury depolarizations have been observed.

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