Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Clozapine in Rat Brain Tissue, Using its Molecularly Imprinted Polymer after Administration of Toxic Dose of Drug and Lipid Emulsion Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri ◽  
Mohammad Moshiri ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue

Background:Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers that have a selective site for a given analyte, or a group of structurally related compounds, that make them ideal polymers to be used in separation processes.Objective:An optimized molecularly imprinted polymer was selected and applied for selective extraction and analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.Methods:A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method was developed for preconcentration and cleanup of clozapine in rat brain samples before HPLC-UV analysis. The extraction and analytical process was calibrated in the range of 0.025-100 ppm. Clozapine recovery in this MISPE process was calculated between 99.40 and 102.96%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the assay were 0.003 and 0.025 ppm, respectively. Intra-day precision values for clozapine concentrations of 0.125 and 0.025 ppm were 5.30 and 3.55%, whereas inter-day precision values of these concentrations were 9.23 and 6.15%, respectively. In this study, the effect of lipid emulsion infusion in reducing the brain concentration of drug was also evaluated.Results:The data indicated that calibrated method was successfully applied for the analysis of clozapine in the real rat brain samples after administration of a toxic dose to animal. Finally, the efficacy of lipid emulsion therapy in reducing the brain tissue concentration of clozapine after toxic administration of drug was determined.Conclusion:The proposed MISPE method could be applied in the extraction and preconcentration before HPLC-UV analysis of clozapine in rat brain tissue.

scholarly journals A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Extraction of Phenolic Acids from Human Urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Marco Mora-Granados ◽  
David González-Gómez ◽  
Jin Su Jeong ◽  
Alejandrina Gallego-Picó
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted

Studies for monitoring the bioavailability of dietary flavonoid compounds generate great interest. Among them, low-molecular-weight phenolic acids, secondary metabolites present in colonic catabolism and urinary excretion, have been proposed as biomarkers of polyphenol intake. Using 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as a template, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized for selective extraction of these hydroxylated metabolites from human urine samples and posterior analysis in an HPLC-DAD-MS system. Polymers were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and binding experiments. MIP presents specific recognition ability for template and analogues molecules. This capacity of recognition and the pH dependence of the binding strength was also studied. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.25–40 mg/L, r2 > 0.995. In the optimized conditions, the recovery value was 94% with RSD 1.2%. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) were 1.22 and 3.69 mg/L, respectively. In our knowledge, it is the first time that this methodology is applied to analyze urinary catabolites of the polyphenol compound and to provide a specific method and simple analysis alternative. The selective extraction of these metabolites improves the application and results obtained by other less sensitive analysis methods than the validation method. It also facilitates the development of new screening methods.

scholarly journals 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in rat brain tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-854
Author(s):  
Arina Kokorina ◽  
Artem Rafaelyan ◽  
Ksenia Chemodakova ◽  
Natalia Pak ◽  
Viktor Aleksandrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue ◽  
Intact Rats

The aim of the study was to compare the level of accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (ППIX) in the brain of rats in normal conditions and in experimental C6 glioma. Materials and methods. In an experiment on 15 rats, one group of animals (n=5) was intracranially implanted with rat glioma of the C6 line. 14 days after tumor implantation, the animals were injected into the lateral vein of the tail with a photosensitizer — a preparation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) Alasens at a dose of 100 mg / kg. Another group consisted of 5 intact rats, which were also injected with Alasens. The rats were euthanized 4–5 hours after the injection of the photosensitizer, and fluorescent metabolic navigation was performed with illumination of the brain with light with wavelengths of 417 and 435 nm. For objectification, fluorescence biospectroscopy was performed. Similar manipulations were performed with animals of another group (n=5) — intact rats that did not receive Alasens. Results. In contrast to humans, in rats, the 5-ALA metabolite — PPIX accumulates in healthy brain tissue, while the fluorescence intensity does not differ from that visualized in the tumor area. It was also noted that the light of the blue spectrum promotes weak fluorescence of the white matter of the rat brain in the absence of exogenous 5-ALA, which can potentially be explained by the activation of endogenous PPIX or other fluorophores. Conclusion. After the administration of Alasens (5-ALA preparation), the accumulation of PPIX by the rat brain tissue occurs not only by malignant cells, but also by normal brain tissue without signs of malignancy or other pathological changes. A more thorough study of this phenomenon is required, since significant differences in the metabolism of 5-ALA in humans and laboratory animals will call into question the correctness of translation of experimental results into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Detection of dopamine by a minimized electrochemical sensor using a graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymer modified micropipette tip shaped graphite electrode

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982198995
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jianshe Tang ◽  
Li Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Paste Electrode

A simple and efficient electrochemical sensor based on a homemade reshaped micropipette tip carbon paste electrode is reported. Molecularly imprinted polymer membranes of graphene oxide and polypyrrole are synthesized and modified on the surface of micropipette tip carbon paste electrode. The merit of the method is evaluated under optimized conditions via differential pulse voltammetrics. The prepared sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity toward dopamine with a linear range of 6.4 × 10−8–2 × 10−4 M, with a limit of detection as low as 1 × 10−8 M. The proposed method is applied for the determination of dopamine in urine samples by the standard addition route. A range of 1 × 10−7–1 × 10−4 M is obtained from these samples. The relative recoveries are in the range of 95.2%–104%. The proposed method has acceptable performance for the determination of dopamine in real samples with excellent sensitivity and selectivity.

scholarly journals CdTe0.5S0.5/ZnS Quantum Dots Embedded in a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Optosensing of Dopamine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiana Khadem-Abbassi ◽  
Hervé Rinnert ◽  
Lavinia Balan ◽  
Zahra Doumandji ◽  
Olivier Joubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Cross Linker

This work describes the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified core/shell CdTe0.5S0.5/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The QDs@MIP particles were used for the selective and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA). Acrylamide, which is able to form hydrogen bonds with DA, and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker were used for the preparation of the MIP. Highly cross-linked polymer particles with sizes up to 1 µm containing the dots were obtained after the polymerization. After the removal of the DA template, MIP-modified QDs (QDs@MIP) exhibit a high photoluminescence (PL) with an intensity similar to that of QDs embedded in the nonimprinted polymer (NIP). A linear PL decrease was observed upon addition of DA to QDs@MIP and the PL response was in the linear ranges from 2.63 µM to 26.30 µM with a limit of detection of 6.6 nM. The PL intensity of QDs@MIP was quenched selectively by DA. The QDs@MIP particles developed in this work are easily prepared and of low cost and are therefore of high interest for the sensitive and selective detection of DA in biological samples.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Detection of Cefalexin

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Feier ◽  
Adrian Blidar ◽  
Alexandra Pusta ◽  
Paula Carciuc ◽  
Cecilia Cristea
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Diamond Electrode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mip Sensor

In this study, a new electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of cefalexin (CFX), based on the use of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) obtained by electro‒polymerization in an aqueous medium of indole-3-acetic acid (I3AA) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and on boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). The two different electrodes were used in order to assess how their structural differences and the difference in the potential applied during electrogeneration of the MIP translate to the performances of the MIP sensor. The quantification of CFX was performed by using the electrochemical signal of a redox probe before and after the rebinding of the template. The modified electrode was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influence of different parameters on the fabrication of the sensor was tested, and the optimized method presented high selectivity and sensitivity. The MIP-based electrode presented a linear response for CFX concentration range of 10 to 1000 nM, and a limit of detection of 3.2 nM and 4.9 nM was obtained for the BDDE and the GCE, respectively. The activity of the sensor was successfully tested in the presence of some other cephalosporins and of other pharmaceutical compounds. The developed method was successfully applied to the detection of cefalexin from real environmental and pharmaceutical samples.

scholarly journals Flow-Injection Preconcentration of Chloramphenicol Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for HPLC Determination in Environmental Samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Kowalski ◽  
Ewa Poboży ◽  
Marek Trojanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Hplc System

The residue of antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) is important issue for food quality control and also for the environmental monitoring. It is banned for use in food-producing animals and has very limited use in human medicine, because of its severe impact on human health. Determination of trace level of CAP in environmental samples requires a very sensitive analytical method and efficient preconcentration procedure. CAP can be efficiently preconcentrated in flow-injection system using flow-through reactor packed with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), but determination of CAP in eluate from MIP requires the application of chromatographic separation, which was made in reversed-phase HPLC system with UV detection. In optimized conditions the limit of detection for 100 mL sample in HPLC with offline preconcentration on MIP was evaluated as 0.66 mg/L. In hyphenated FIA-HPLC system with zone sampling the LOD for developed method was evaluated as 15 ng/L, which indicates the possibility of using it for analysis of environmental samples.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Extraction of Galegine by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Technique Reinforced with Graphene Oxide and Its Evaluation Using Polarography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Azimi ◽  
M. Ahmadi Golsefidi ◽  
A. Varasteh Moradi ◽  
M. Ebadii ◽  
R. Zafar Mehrabian
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Template Molecule ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Galega Officinalis ◽  
Relative Standard

Galega officinalis products have been used for the control of diabetes (type 2) across the world. Experimental and clinical evaluations of galegine substance produced by a medicinal plant (Galega officinalis) provided the pharmacological and chemical basis for metformin discovery which was confirmed for diabetes therapy. In this paper, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized for galegine, using galegine as a template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a reaction initiator, and acetonitrile as a solvent. The assisted functional groups, morphology, topographic image of surface, and crystalline structure of synthesized MIP were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, and XRD diffraction pattern techniques, respectively. Also, the performance of the mentioned electrode was quantified and qualified by the differential pulse voltammetry technique (DPV). The galegine amount was determined with the polarographic technique. In this research, the galegine extraction conditions were optimized and graphene nanoparticles were used to increase the adsorption. In addition, different parameters affecting extraction were investigated such as MIP adsorbent amount, pH of solution, effect of the surfactant, and ionic compound to achieve high recovery percent. The recovery percent, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and relative standard deviation (RSD %) were 4.101 μg·mL−1, 12.427 μg·mL−1, and 1.199% (n = 3), respectively. The results show that the prepared MIP can be used as an effective and inexpensive adsorbent for preconcentration and galegine extraction from a natural sample. It is noteworthy that this developed method was used successfully to determine galegine extracted from Galega officinalis L.

scholarly journals Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes Modified with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection of Tetracycline in Milk and Meat

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Biresaw D. Abera ◽  
Inmaculada Ortiz-Gómez ◽  
Bajramshahe Shkodra ◽  
Francisco J. Romero ◽  
Giuseppe Cantarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Meat Extract ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely known antibiotic used worldwide to ‘’treat animals. Its residues in animal-origin foods cause adverse health effects to consumers. Low-cost and real-time measuring systems of TC in food samples are, therefore, extremely needed. In this work, a three-electrode sensitive and label-free sensor was developed to detect TC residues from milk and meat extract samples, using CO2 laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) used as a synthetic biorecognition element. LIG was patterned on a polyimide (PI) substrate, reaching a minimum sheet resistance (Rsh) of 17.27 ± 1.04 Ω/sq. The o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer and TC template were electropolymerized on the surface of the LIG working electrode to form the MIP. Surface morphology and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the formation of LIG and to confirm each modification step. The sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), leading to a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.32 nM, 0.85 nM, and 0.80 nM in buffer, milk, and meat extract samples, respectively, with a working range of 5 nM to 500 nM and a linear response range between 10 nM to 300 nM. The sensor showed good LOD (0.32 nM), reproducibility, and stability, and it can be used as an alternative system to detect TC from animal-origin food products.

scholarly journals Protein Determination with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Recognition Combined with Birefringence Liquid Crystal Detection

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Cieplak ◽  
Rafał Węgłowski ◽  
Zofia Iskierko ◽  
Dorota Węgłowska ◽  
Piyush S. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Optical Cell ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Nonspecific Interactions

Liquid crystal-based sensors offer the advantage of high sensitivity at a low cost. However, they often lack selectivity altogether or require costly and unstable biomaterials to impart this selectivity. To incur this selectivity, we herein integrated a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film recognition unit with a liquid crystal (LC) in an optical cell transducer. We tested the resulting chemosensor for protein determination. We examined two different LCs, each with a different optical birefringence. That way, we revealed the influence of that parameter on the sensitivity of the (human serum albumin)-templated (MIP-HSA) LC chemosensor. The response of this chemosensor with the (MIP-HSA)-recognizing film was linear from 2.2 to 15.2 µM HSA, with a limit of detection of 2.2 µM. These values are sufficient to use the devised chemosensor for HSA determination in biological samples. Importantly, the imprinting factor (IF) of this chemosensor was appreciable, reaching IF = 3.7. This IF value indicated the predominant binding of the HSA through specific rather than nonspecific interactions with the MIP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document