Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Penthorum chinense Pursh: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 601-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Wang ◽  
Ligen Lin ◽  
Yitao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Penthorum Chinense Pursh ◽  
Penthorum Chinense

Penthorum chinense Pursh (Ganhuangcao), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and alcoholic liver damage. A wide range of investigations have been carried out on this herbal medicine from pharmacognosy to pharmaceuticals, as well as pharmacology. The extract of P. chinense was reported to have significant liver protective effects through anti-oxidation, reduction of key enzyme levels, inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA replication, and promotion of bile secretion. Based on the current knowledge, flavonoids and phenols are considered to be responsible for P. chinense's bioactivities. The main purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed on P. chinense during the past few decades. Moreover, it intends to provide new insights into the research and development of this herbal medicine.

Protective effects of Penthorum chinense Pursh against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Cao ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Da-Yong Zhang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Wan-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Penthorum Chinense Pursh ◽  
Penthorum Chinense

scholarly journals Antagonistic Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on Hypoxic Respiratory Depression in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Meifang Liu ◽  
Manel Santafe
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Hypoxia Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Objective. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid extracted from the root and stem of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine called Chuanxiong. The present study aims to study the effects of TMP on hypoxic respiratory depression in rats. Materials and methods. The effects of TMP on respiratory responses of rats induced by hypoxia were observed by diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) recording. The effects of TMP on the protein expression of FOS and acid sensing ion channel1a (ASIC1a) in the brainstem induced by hypoxia were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results. The respiration of rats was first excited and then depressed during hypoxia treatment, while TMP pretreatment could significantly antagonize the respiratory depression induced by hypoxia P < 0.01 . Hypoxia obviously induced the protein expression of FOS P < 0.01 and ASIC1a P < 0.05 in the brainstem, which can be also significantly inhibited by TMP pretreatment. Conclusions. TMP has protective effects on hypoxic respiratory depression, and the mechanisms might be concerned with its downregulation of FOS and ASIC1a in the brainstem induced by hypoxia.

scholarly journals Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vila-Aiub
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Wide Range

Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.

Kaempferol from Penthorum chinense Pursh suppresses HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 7925-7934
Author(s):  
Yi-Chao Du ◽  
Li Lai ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Fu-Rui Zhong ◽  
Huan-Li Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Penthorum Chinense Pursh ◽  
Penthorum Chinense

In this study, kaempferol (KA) ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by activating HO-1/NQO1 and inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

scholarly journals Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Pathogens by Using a Unique Bacteriophage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Bernhard Krismer ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Holger Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers

ABSTRACTGenetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a uniqueStaphylococcus aureusstrain via a specificS. aureusbacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.

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