scholarly journals INTEGRABILITY IN QCD AND BEYOND

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (28) ◽  
pp. 4715-4788 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. BELITSKY ◽  
V. M. BRAUN ◽  
A. S. GORSKY ◽  
G. P. KORCHEMSKY
Keyword(s):  
Integrable Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Completely Integrable Systems ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Heisenberg Spin Chain ◽  
Regge Behavior ◽  
Hidden Symmetry ◽  
Classical Integrable

Yang–Mills theories in four space–time dimensions possess a hidden symmetry which does not exhibit itself as a symmetry of classical Lagrangians but is only revealed on the quantum level. It turns out that the effective Yang–Mills dynamics in several important limits is described by completely integrable systems that prove to be related to the celebrated Heisenberg spin chain and its generalizations. In this review we explain the general phenomenon of complete integrability and its realization in several different situations. As a prime example, we consider in some detail the scale dependence of composite (Wilson) operators in QCD and super-Yang–Mills (SYM) theories. High-energy (Regge) behavior of scattering amplitudes in QCD is also discussed and provides one with another realization of the same phenomenon that differs, however, from the first example in essential details. As the third example, we address the low-energy effective action in a [Formula: see text] SYM theory which, contrary to the previous two cases, corresponds to a classical integrable model. Finally, we include a short overview of recent attempts to use gauge/string duality in order to relate integrability of Yang–Mills dynamics with the hidden symmetry of a string theory on a curved background.

scholarly journals Heisenberg spin chain as a worldsheet coordinate for lightcone quantized string

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Spin Chain ◽  
Discrete Dynamical System ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Free Fermions ◽  
Heisenberg Spin Chain ◽  
Delta Sigma ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Quantized String

Abstract Although the energy spectrum of the Heisenberg spin chain on a circle defined by$$ H=\frac{1}{4}\sum \limits_{k=1}^M\left({\sigma}_k^x{\sigma}_{k+1}^x+{\sigma}_k^y{\sigma}_{k+1}^y+\Delta {\sigma}_k^z{\sigma}_{k+1}^z\right) $$ H = 1 4 ∑ k = 1 M σ k x σ k + 1 x + σ k y σ k + 1 y + Δ σ k z σ k + 1 z is well known for any fixed M, the boundary conditions vary according to whether M ∈ 4ℕ + r, where r = −1, 0, 1, 2, and also according to the parity of the number of overturned spins in the state, In string theory all these cases must be allowed because interactions involve a string with M spins breaking into strings with M1< M and M − M1 spins (or vice versa). We organize the energy spectrum and degeneracies of H in the case ∆ = 0 where the system is equivalent to a system of free fermions. In spite of the multiplicity of special cases, in the limit M → ∞ the spectrum is that of a free compactified worldsheet field. Such a field can be interpreted as a compact transverse string coordinate x(σ) ≡ x(σ) + R0. We construct the bosonization formulas explicitly in all separate cases, and for each sector give the Virasoro conformal generators in both fermionic and bosonic formulations. Furthermore from calculations in the literature for selected classes of excited states, there is strong evidence that the only change for ∆ ≠ 0 is a change in the compactification radius R0→ R∆. As ∆ → −1 this radius goes to infinity, giving a concrete example of noncompact space emerging from a discrete dynamical system. Finally we apply our work to construct the three string vertex implied by a string whose bosonic coordinates emerge from this mechanism.

scholarly journals T − W relation and free energy of the Heisenberg chain at a finite temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Lu ◽  
Yi Qiao ◽  
Junpeng Cao ◽  
Wen-Li Yang ◽  
Kang jie Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Spin Chain ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Heisenberg Chain ◽  
Quantum Spin Chain ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Heisenberg Spin Chain ◽  
Lattice Quantum ◽  
Quantum Integrable Models ◽  
Invariant Quantum

Abstract A new nonlinear integral equation (NLIE) describing the thermodynamics of the Heisenberg spin chain is derived based on the t − W relation of the quantum transfer matrices. The free energy of the system in a magnetic field is thus obtained by solving the NLIE. This method can be generalized to other lattice quantum integrable models. Taking the SU(3)-invariant quantum spin chain as an example, we construct the corre- sponding NLIEs and compute the free energy. The present results coincide exactly with those obtained via other methods previously.

scholarly journals Magnetic properties of theS= ½ Heisenberg spin-chain material (6MAP)CuCl3

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 042159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ozerov ◽  
E Čižmár ◽  
J Wosnitza ◽  
S A Zvyagin ◽  
F Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Spin Chain ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Heisenberg Spin Chain

The topological basis expression of Heisenberg spin chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Hu ◽  
Hang Ren ◽  
Kang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Spin Chain ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Heisenberg Spin Chain

Diagrammatic derivation of the eikonal formula for high-energy scattering in Yang-Mills theory

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Cheng ◽  
John A. Dickinson ◽  
Kaare Olaussen
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Energy Scattering ◽  
High Energy Scattering

A Riemann-Hilbert Approach to Discrete Heisenberg-Spin Chain

1989 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Mrityunjoy De
Keyword(s):  
Spin Chain ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Heisenberg Spin Chain
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