scholarly journals PHOTON PRODUCTION IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS AT SPS AND RHIC ENERGIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
pp. 5351-5358 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON TURBIDE ◽  
RALF RAPP ◽  
CHARLES GALE
Keyword(s):  
Form Factors ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Nucleon Nucleon ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Super Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Strange Meson ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

Chiral Lagrangians are used to compute the production rate of photons from the hadronic phase of relativistic nuclear collisions. Special attention to the role of the a1 pseudovector is paid. Calculations that include strange meson reactions, form factors, the use of consistent vector spectral densities, the emission from a quark-gluon plasma, and primordial nucleon-nucleon collisions reproduce the photon spectra measured at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Some predictions for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are made.

scholarly journals Phase diagram of strongly interacting matter: the last 20 years at the CERN SPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (22-23) ◽  
pp. 3507-3516
Author(s):  
Marek Gazdzicki
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Director General ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Super Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Strongly Interacting ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

AbstractTwenty years ago, on February 10, 2000, the CERN Director General Luciano Maiani announced: The combined data coming from the seven experiments on CERN’s Heavy Ion programme have given a clear picture of a new state of matter. This result verifies an important prediction of the present theory of fundamental forces between quarks. This report briefly reviews studies of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter with relativistic nuclear collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron which followed the CERN’s press release on the quark-gluon plasma discovery. An attempt to formulate priorities for future measurements at the CERN SPS closes the paper. The report is dedicated to David Blaschke who celebrated his 60th birthday in 2019. David’s contribution to the studies presented here was very significant.

scholarly journals A Review onϕMeson Production in Heavy-Ion Collision

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasim ◽  
Vipul Bairathi ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Bedangadas Mohanty ◽  
Anju Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Meson Production ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Super Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Strangeness Enhancement

The main aim of the relativistic heavy-ion experiment is to create extremely hot and dense matter and study the QCD phase structure. With this motivation, experimental program started in the early 1990s at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) followed by Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven and recently at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. These experiments allowed us to study the QCD matter from center-of-mass energies (sNN) 4.75 GeV to 2.76 TeV. Theϕmeson, due to its unique properties, is considered as a good probe to study the QCD matter created in relativistic collisions. In this paper we present a review on the measurements ofϕmeson production in heavy-ion experiments. Mainly, we discuss the energy dependence ofϕmeson invariant yield and the production mechanism, strangeness enhancement, parton energy loss, and partonic collectivity in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Effect of later stage hadronic rescattering on elliptic flow (v2) of proton is also discussed relative to corresponding effect onϕmesonv2.

scholarly journals Chiral Magnetic Effects in Nuclear Collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect

The interplay of quantum anomalies with strong magnetic fields and vorticity in chiral systems could lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In high-energy nuclear collisions, these chiral effects may survive the expansion of a quark–gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. The experimental searches for the CME, the CMW, and the CVE have aroused extensive interest over the past couple of decades. The main goal of this article is to review the latest experimental progress in the search for these novel chiral transport phenomena at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Future programs to help reduce uncertainties and facilitate the interpretation of the data are also discussed.

Strange particle effective temperatures in relativistic nuclear collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050009
Author(s):  
Oana Ristea ◽  
Catalin Ristea ◽  
Alexandru Jipa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Strange Particle ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Onset Of Deconfinement ◽  
Beam Energy Scan

The energy dependence of the effective temperatures of charged kaons, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] produced in Au[Formula: see text]Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies are presented. At energies around [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV, there is a sudden change in the energy dependence of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] effective temperatures, while at higher energies a slower, continuous rise up to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV is observed. This behavior is similar with previous SPS results and could indicate the onset of deconfinement in this energy range. The [Formula: see text] effective temperatures increase with energy and no plateau-like behavior is evidenced by the data.

THERMAL RADIATION FROM AN EVOLVING VISCOUS QUARK GLUON PLASMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350004 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUKANYA MITRA ◽  
PAYAL MOHANTY ◽  
SOURAV SARKAR ◽  
JAN-E ALAM
Keyword(s):  
Quark Gluon Plasma ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Evolution Dynamics ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Photon Spectra ◽  
Space Time Evolution

The effects of viscosity on the space-time evolution of quark gluon plasma produced in nuclear collisions at relativistic heavy ion collider energies have been studied. The entropy generated due to the viscous motion of the fluid has been taken into account in constraining the initial temperature by the final multiplicity (measured at the freeze-out point). The viscous effects on the photon spectra has been introduced consistently through the evolution dynamics and phase space factors of all the participating partons/hadrons in the production process. In contrast to some of the recent calculations the present work includes the contribution from the hadronic phase. A small change in the transverse momentum (pT) distribution of photons is observed due to viscous effects.

scholarly journals Anisotropic flow and jet quenching in relativistic nuclear collisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1530001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-You Qin
Keyword(s):  
Dense Matter ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Anisotropic Flow ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

The exploration of the strong-interaction matter under extreme conditions is one of the main goals of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We provide some of the main results on the novel properties of quark-gluon plasma, with particular focus given to the strong collectivity and the color opaqueness exhibited by such hot and dense matter produced in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC and the LHC.

scholarly journals Highlights from BNL-RHIC 2011–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 1430017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Tannenbaum
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Nucleon Nucleon ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Qcd Critical Point

Highlights from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented for the years 2011–2013. This review is a combination of lectures which discussed the latest results each year at a three year celebration of the 50th anniversary of the International School of Subnuclear Physics in Erice, Sicily, Italy. Since the first collisions in the year 2000, RHIC has provided nucleus–nucleus and polarized proton–proton collisions over a range of nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energies [Formula: see text] from 7.7 GeV to 510 GeV with nuclei from deuterium to uranium, most often gold. The objective was the discovery of the Quark Gluon Plasma, which was achieved, and the measurement of its properties, which were much different than expected, namely a "perfect fluid" of quarks and gluons with their color charges exposed rather than a gas. Topics including quenching of light and heavy quarks at large transverse momentum, thermal photons, search for a QCD critical point as well as measurements of collective flow, two-particle correlations and J/Ψ suppression are presented. During this period, results from the first and subsequent heavy ion measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN became available. These confirmed and extended the RHIC discoveries and have led to ideas for new and improved measurements.

Phenomenological analysis of rapidity distribution of negative pions in central 12C+12C collisions at $\sqrt{s_{nn}} = 3.14\, {\rm GeV}$

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusniddin K. Olimov ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Mahnaz Q. Haseeb ◽  
Atif Arif ◽  
Sagdulla L. Lutpullaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Super Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Central Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Initial Assumption ◽  
Rapidity Distributions

Various aspects of the simple phenomenological model, the grand combinational model (GCM), proposed earlier for the systematic description of the center-of-mass (cm) rapidity distributions of different particles produced in high energy heavy ion collisions, were analyzed. The values of GCM parameters were extracted from fitting the cm rapidity distributions of the negative pions in 12 C +12 C collisions at [Formula: see text] both in the experiment and using Modified FRITIOF Model. The GCM parameters extracted for the central 12 C +12 C collisions were compared with those obtained in central Pb + Pb collisions at super proton synchrotron (SPS) and alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS) energies between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and in central Au + Au collisions at Relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) energies between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The plausible physical interpretations for the GCM parameters were given. The initial assumption that the parameter β of GCM should be zero for symmetric systems with identical colliding nuclei was validated. The parameter γ of GCM was deduced to follow an approximate asymptotic behavior (γ → 0 as [Formula: see text] at very large cm energies, and γ ≅ 0 could possibly be related to complete dehadronization of the whole collision system, along with attaining its maximum possible energy density, in central collisions of identical nuclei. The behavior of cm energy dependence of γ suggested that it could possibly be sensitive to deconfinement phase transition.

scholarly journals Investigating the “kink” plot as a signal of the onset of deconfinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Naskręt
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
System Size ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Hadronic Matter ◽  
Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Super Proton Synchrotron ◽  
Central Collisions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Onset Of Deconfinement

One of the physics goals of the NA61/SHINE collaboration at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron is to study the phase diagram of hadronic matter. To this end, a series of heavy ion collision measurements are performed. It is believed that above a certain collision energy and system size a phase transition between the hadronic matter and quark–gluon plasma occurs. A number of observables have been developed to determine which of the phases was created at the early stage of the collision. This report discusses the dependence of the ratio of the mean number of produced pions to the mean number of wounded nucleons on the Fermi energy measure. For comparison with other measurements this is often presented in the form of the “kink” plot. This plot is presented enriched with preliminary results for 40Ar+45Sc central collisions at 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A GeV/c beam momenta. The results are finally compared to data from other experiments.

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