space time evolution
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Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Maxim Y. Khlopov ◽  
Orchidea Maria Lecian

Non-trivial baryosynthesis scenarios can lead to the existence of antimatter domains in a baryon-asymmetrical Universe. The consequences of antibaryon-baryon annihilation at the border of antimatter domains is investigated. Low-density antimatter domains are further classified according to the boundary interactions. A similar classification scheme is also proposed for higher-densities antimatter domains. The antiproton-proton annihilation interactions are therefore schematized and evaluated. The antinuclei-nuclei-interaction patterns are investigated. The two-point correlation functions for antimatter domains are studied in the case of baryon-antibaryon boundary interactions, which influence the space and time evolution. The space-time evolution of antimatter domains after the photon thermalization epoch is analyzed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3410
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Novellis ◽  
Diego Reale ◽  
Guido Maria Adinolfi ◽  
Eugenio Sansosti ◽  
Vincenzo Convertito

In this work, we propose a geodetic model for the March 2021 Thessaly seismic sequence (TSS). We used the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique and exploited a dataset of Sentinel-1 images to successfully detect the surface deformation caused by three major events of the sequence and constrain their kinematics, further strengthened by seismic data analysis. Our geodetic inversions are consistent with the activation of distinct blind faults previously unknown in this region: three belonging to the NE-dipping normal fault associated with the Mw 6.3 and Mw 6.0 events, and one belonging to the SW-dipping normal fault associated with the Mw 5.6, the last TSS major event. We performed a Coulomb stress transfer analysis and a 1D pore pressure diffusivity modeling to investigate the space–time evolution of the sequence; our results indicate that the seismic sequence developed in a sort of domino effect. The combination of the lack of historical records of large earthquakes in this area and the absence of mapped surface features produced by past faulting make seismic hazard estimation difficult for this area: InSAR data analysis and modeling have proven to be an extremely useful tool in helping to constrain the rupture characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bierlich ◽  
Torbjörn Sjöstrand ◽  
Marius Utheim

AbstractIn a recent article we presented a model for hadronic rescattering, and some results were shown for $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}$$ p p collisions at LHC energies. In order to extend the studies to $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {A}$$ p A and $$\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}$$ A A collisions, the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisions is taken as the starting point. Both these models are implemented within the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator Pythia, which makes the matching reasonably straightforward, and allows for detailed studies of the full space–time evolution. The rescattering rate is significantly higher than in $$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}$$ p p , especially for central $$\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}$$ A A collisions, where the typical primary hadron rescatters several times. We study the impact of rescattering on a number of distributions, such as $$p_{\perp }$$ p ⊥ and $$\eta $$ η spectra, and the space–time evolution of the whole collision process. Notably rescattering is shown to give a significant contribution to elliptic flow in $$\mathrm {XeXe}$$ XeXe and $$\mathrm {PbPb}$$ PbPb , and to give a nontrivial impact on charm production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pratim Bhaduri ◽  
Mubarak Alqahtani ◽  
Nicolas Borghini ◽  
Amaresh Jaiswal ◽  
Michael Strickland

AbstractWe calculate the elliptic flow of bottomonia produced in Pb$$\,+\,$$ + Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$$ s NN = 5.02  TeV. We consider temperature-dependent decay widths for the anisotropic escape of various bottomonium states and observe that the transverse momentum dependence of bottomonia elliptic flow provides a tomographic information about the QGP fireball at different stages of its evolution. For the space-time evolution of the fireball, we employ simulation results from the 3 + 1 D quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamic model. We find that our results for transverse momentum dependence of bottomonia elliptic flow are in reasonable agreement with experimental results from the ALICE and CMS collaborations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 40-92
Author(s):  
R. M. Doria ◽  
I. Soares

Electromagnetism is expressed from two basic postulates. They are light invarianceand charge conservation. At this work one extends the Maxwell scenario from macroscopic to microscopic electromagnetism by following the elementary particles electric charge microscopic behavior. It yields a triune electric charge interrelationship. Three charges {+, 0, −} be exchanged through a vector bosons quadruplet. It is called Four Bosons Electromagnetism. A systemic EM physics appears to be understood. Maxwell photon is not enough for describing the microscopic electric charge physics. An extension for  electromagnetic energy is obtained. The fields quadruplet {Aµ, Uµ, Vµ±} are the porters of electromagnetic energy. They are the usual photon Aµ, massive photon Uµ and two charged photons Vµ±, A new understanding on EM phenomena has to be considered. A set determinism based on granular and collective fields is developed. A space-time evolution associated to a whole.Conservation laws are studied. The EM phenomena is enlarged to three charges interchanges to {+, 0, −}. Two novelties appear. New features on nonlinear fields acting as own sources and on electric charge physics. Properties as conservation, conduction, transmission, interaction are extended to a systemic electromagnetism. A whole conservation law for electric charge emerges from three charges interwoven. Electric charge has a systemic behavior. Although there is no Coulomb law for zero electric charge, the Four Bosons Electromagnetism contains an EM energy which provides a neutral electromagnetism. Particles with zero charge {Aµ, Uµ} are carrying EM energy. Another consideration is on EM energy being transported by four nonlinear fields. A new physicality appears. The abelian nonlinearity generates fields charges. Fields are working as own sources through mass terms, trilinear and quadrilinear interactions, spin couplings. Consequently the photon is more than being a consequence from electric charge oscillations. It is able to generate its own charge. Introduce the meaning of photonics.Thus, electric charge is no more the isolate electromagnetic source. There are another conservation laws. Fields sources appear through corresponding equations of motion, Bianchi identities, energy-momentum, Noether laws and angular momentum conservation laws. They move EM to a fields charges dependence. Together with electric charge they carrythe electromagnetic flux. Supporting the Ahranov-Bohm experiment of potential fields as primitive entities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang

As important methods to avoid landslide disasters, velocity monitoring and early warning are significant research topics in slope engineering at the present stage. This paper combines the randomness of velocity data in evolution process of landslide disasters, using Markov chain theory with no aftereffect to describe the randomness process, and introduces it into landslide warning. The research collects velocity monitoring data before landslide occurrence and applies average standard deviation method which can reflect statistical characteristics of the classification data to carry out state division of the velocity data. Then, it proposes landslide warning criteria and establishes landslide warning model based on dynamic prediction of future velocity status by Markov chain theory. Meanwhile, it puts forward the evaluation standard of landslide warning model from the aspects of timeliness, anti-interference, and credibility. At the same time, it takes typical open-pit mine landslide disaster as the engineering background and gradually optimizes and evaluates the landslide warning model from the above three evaluation standards. The results show that the landslide warning model can realize the landslide early warning of multiple monitoring points; it has good effects in both time warning and regional warning. On the other hand, the landslide warning model has high accuracy in timeliness, anti-jamming, and credibility, and it can reveal space-time evolution law of landslide occurrence, so this research has important theoretical significance and engineering promotion value.


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