Spatial coherence resonance and spatial pattern transition induced by the decrease of inhibitory effect in a neuronal network

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (26) ◽  
pp. 1750179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Tao ◽  
Huaguang Gu ◽  
Xueli Ding
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Neuronal Network ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spiral Waves ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Coherence Resonance ◽  
Biological Experiment

Spiral waves were observed in the biological experiment on rat brain cortex with the application of carbachol and bicuculline which can block inhibitory coupling from interneurons to pyramidal neurons. To simulate the experimental spiral waves, a two-dimensional neuronal network composed of pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons was built. By decreasing the percentage of active inhibitory interneurons, the random-like spatial patterns change to spiral waves and to random-like spatial patterns or nearly synchronous behaviors. The spiral waves appear at a low percentage of inhibitory interneurons, which matches the experimental condition that inhibitory couplings of the interneurons were blocked. The spiral waves exhibit a higher order or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characterized by spatial structure function than both random-like spatial patterns and nearly synchronous behaviors, which shows that changes of the percentage of active inhibitory interneurons can induce spatial coherence resonance-like behaviors. In addition, the relationship between the coherence degree and the spatial structures of the spiral waves is identified. The results not only present a possible and reasonable interpretation to the spiral waves observed in the biological experiment on the brain cortex with disinhibition, but also reveal that the spiral waves exhibit more ordered degree in spatial patterns.

Dual role of norepinephrine in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rat: inhibition and disinhibition

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick P.-H. Leung ◽  
James J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Stratum Radiatum ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Spike Response ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Ca1 Region

Norepinephrine (NE) has been shown to produce either an inhibitory or an excitatory influence on CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus depending on the dosage. It was suggested that NE, in addition to exerting a direct inhibitory effect on pyramidal cells, may also act upon recurrent inhibitory interneurons to produce a disinhibition of the pyramidal cells. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of NE on alveus-evoked inhibition, presumably mediated by the basket cell interneurons innervating the pyramidal cells. Experiments were carried out on the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation and inhibition was assessed by the percent reduction of the stratum radiatum evoked population spike response when preceded by a conditioning pulse delivered to the alveus to activate the inhibitory interneurons via the recurrent collaterals of the pyramidal cells. Paired pulse stimulation resulted in inhibition of the stratum radiatum evoked test response with conditioning-test intervals up to 60 ms. NE (50 μM) perfusion resulted in a significant and reversible reduction of the alveus-evoked recurrent inhibition. Intracellular recordings using a similar paired pulse paradigm corroborated the extracellular data well. The possible roles of NE in the physiological functioning and pathophysiology of epileptiform activity of the hippocampus are discussed.

Spiral Waves and Multiple Spatial Coherence Resonances Induced by Colored Noise in Neuronal Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Tang ◽  
Yu-Ye Li ◽  
Lei Xi ◽  
Bing Jia ◽  
Hua-Guang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Network ◽  
Colored Noise ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Spiral Waves

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON TOFRANIL

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Abadom ◽  
K. Ahmed ◽  
P. G. Scholefield
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Brain Cortex Slices ◽  
Cortex Slices

Tofranil inhibits the respiratory activity of rat brain cortex slices incubated in a glucose-containing medium. It also inhibits the uptake and incorporation of glycine-1-C14at concentrations which have only a slight inhibitory effect on the respiration of slices. Tofranil also inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in both rat liver and rat brain mitochondria but at higher concentrations respiration is greatly affected. Tofranil differs quantitatively from chlorpromazine in its greater inhibitory effect on the ATP–Pi32exchange reaction and its lesser effect on the cytochrome c oxidase activity of rat liver mitochondria.

scholarly journals Scapinin-induced Inhibition of Axon Elongation Is Attenuated by Phosphorylation and Translocation to the Cytoplasm

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (22) ◽  
pp. 19724-19734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hovik Farghaian ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Ada W. Y. Fu ◽  
Amy K. Y. Fu ◽  
Jacque P. K. Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Axon Elongation ◽  
Rat Cortical Neurons ◽  
The Brain

Scapinin is an actin- and PP1-binding protein that is exclusively expressed in the brain; however, its function in neurons has not been investigated. Here we show that expression of scapinin in primary rat cortical neurons inhibits axon elongation without affecting axon branching, dendritic outgrowth, or polarity. This inhibitory effect was dependent on its ability to bind actin because a mutant form that does not bind actin had no effect on axon elongation. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that scapinin is predominantly located in the distal axon shaft, cell body, and nucleus of neurons and displays a reciprocal staining pattern to phalloidin, consistent with previous reports that it binds actin monomers to inhibit polymerization. We show that scapinin is phosphorylated at a highly conserved site in the central region of the protein (Ser-277) by Cdk5 in vitro. Expression of a scapinin phospho-mimetic mutant (S277D) restored normal axon elongation without affecting actin binding. Instead, phosphorylated scapinin was sequestered in the cytoplasm of neurons and away from the axon. Because its expression is highest in relatively plastic regions of the adult brain (cortex, hippocampus), scapinin is a new regulator of neurite outgrowth and neuroplasticity in the brain.

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