EFFICIENT DELAY AND CROSSTALK ESTIMATION MODELS FOR CURRENT-MODE HIGH SPEED INTERCONNECTS UNDER RAMP INPUT

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450082 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KAVICHARAN ◽  
N. S. MURTHY ◽  
N. BHEEMA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Vlsi Circuits ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, closed-form models for the computation of finite ramp responses of current-mode resistance inductance capacitance (RLC) interconnects in VLSI circuits are presented. These models are based on extended Eudes model and Scaling and Squaring algorithm which allow numerical estimation of delay in lossy very large scale integration (VLSI) interconnects. The existing Eudes model for interconnect transfer function approximation is extended to higher-order and then Scaling and Squaring method is applied for further improving the accuracy of delay estimation. With the equivalent lossy interconnect transfer function, finite ramp responses are obtained and line delay is estimated for various line lengths, per unit inductances and load capacitances. The estimated 50% delay values are compared with HSPICE W-element model. The worst case errors observed in the estimated delay values are 14.3% for Eudes model and 2% for extended Eudes model while the proposed Scaling and Squaring based model with 1% error is in very good agreement with HSPICE for line lengths 0.1–0.5 cm. The estimated crosstalk induced delay values of proposed model maximum error percentage is nearly half of the extended Eudes model. For both single and three coupled interconnect lines, the proposed model is in good agreement with HSPICE.

A fully automated method of human identification based on dental panoramic radiographs using a convolutional neural network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Hyun Kim ◽  
Eun-Gyu Ha ◽  
Kug Jin Jeon ◽  
Chena Lee ◽  
Sang-Sun Han
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Proposed Model

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a fully automated human identification method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a large-scale dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) dataset. Methods: In total, 2,760 DPRs from 746 subjects who had 2 to 17 DPRs with various changes in image characteristics due to various dental treatments (tooth extraction, oral surgery, prosthetics, orthodontics, or tooth development) were collected. The test dataset included the latest DPR of each subject (746 images) and the other DPRs (2,014 images) were used for model training. A modified VGG16 model with two fully connected layers was applied for human identification. The proposed model was evaluated with rank-1, –3, and −5 accuracies, running time, and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM)–applied images. Results: This model had rank-1,–3, and −5 accuracies of 82.84%, 89.14%, and 92.23%, respectively. All rank-1 accuracy values of the proposed model were above 80% regardless of changes in image characteristics. The average running time to train the proposed model was 60.9 sec per epoch, and the prediction time for 746 test DPRs was short (3.2 sec/image). The Grad-CAM technique verified that the model automatically identified humans by focusing on identifiable dental information. Conclusion: The proposed model showed good performance in fully automatic human identification despite differing image characteristics of DPRs acquired from the same patients. Our model is expected to assist in the fast and accurate identification by experts by comparing large amounts of images and proposing identification candidates at high speed.

scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of a Multiple-Vehicle, High-Speed Train Collision Using a Simplified Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchao Xie ◽  
Weilin Yang ◽  
Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
High Speed Train

To solve the problems associated with multiple-vehicle simulations of railway vehicles including large scale modelling, long computing time, low analysis efficiency, need for high performance computing, and large storage space, the middle part of the train where no plastic deformation occurs in the vehicle body was simplified using mass and beam elements. Comparative analysis of the collisions between a single railway vehicle (including head and intermediate vehicles before, and after, simplification) and a rigid wall showed that variations in impact kinetic energy, internal energy, and impact force (after simplification) are consistent with those of the unsimplified model. Meanwhile, the finite element model of a whole high-speed train was assembled based on the simplified single-vehicle model. The numbers of nodes and elements in the simplified finite element model of the whole train were 63.4% and 61.6%, respectively, compared to those of the unsimplified model. The simplified whole train model using the above method was more accurate than the multibody model. In comparison to the full-size finite element model, it is more specific, had more rapid computational speed, and saved a large amount of computational power and storage space. Finally, the velocity and acceleration data for every car were discussed through the analysis of the collision between two simplified trains at various speeds.

Cohesive Release Loads in a General Finite Element Model of a Propagating Crack

2009 ◽  
Vol 417-418 ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fontana ◽  
M. Minotti ◽  
Pietro Salvini
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cohesive Model ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
T Stress ◽  
Speed Mode ◽  
Elastic Plastic Materials

High speed MODE I crack growth in elastic-plastic materials, involving large scale plasticity and dynamic effects connected to rapid propagation, is faced through a cohesive model to tune force nodal release. The stress resisting to the opening of the edges in the cohesive zone should account of effective stress field ahead crack tip. In this paper a reference value is accounted: it represents the maximum closing stress measured at the crack tip, where the cohesive effects begin. A bi-parametric analytical formulation of stress distribution ahead the crack tip is suggested. The bi-parametric formulation is able to extrapolate the stress at the tip whatever is the T-stress (i.e. the stress acting in the direction of fracture propagation), thus completely defining the cohesive loads.

scholarly journals Dynamics Analysis of Unbalanced Motorized Spindles Supported on Ball Bearings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Liu ◽  
Tao Lai ◽  
Xiaoan Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Lyapunov Stability Theory ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Motorized Spindles ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents an improved dynamic model for unbalanced high speed motorized spindles. The proposed model includes a Hertz contact force model which takes into the internal clearance and an unbalanced electromagnetic force model based on the energy of the air magnetic field. The nonlinear characteristic of the model is analysed by Lyapunov stability theory and numerical analysis to study the dynamic properties of the spindle system. Finally, a dynamic operating test is carried out on a DX100A-24000/20-type motorized spindle. The good agreement between the numerical solutions and the experimental data indicates that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic properties of motorized spindles. The influence of the unbalanced magnetic force on the system is studied, and the sensitivities of the system parameters to the critical speed of the system are obtained. These conclusions are useful for the dynamic design of high speed motorized spindles.

Beam-column modeling and seismic fragility analysis of a prestressed segmental concrete tower for wind turbines

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1715-1727
Author(s):  
Yuqi Cao ◽  
Minjuan He ◽  
Renle Ma ◽  
Rongchang Yang ◽  
Feng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Column Model ◽  
Average Curvature ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analyses ◽  
Engineering Demand Parameter ◽  
Earthquake Action ◽  
Nonlinear Time History ◽  
Good Agreement

As the development of wind energy in earthquake areas advances, the seismic performance of concrete supporting towers has become an important subject. A beam-column model is developed for a prestressed segmental concrete tower supporting a wind turbine considering the properties of dry joints. The proposed model is in good agreement with the solid element model deformation results and the field test modal results. Based on the beam-column model, nonlinear time history analyses considering uncertainties are conducted to evaluate the behavior of the prototype tower under earthquake action. In the process, a new engineering demand parameter, called the average curvature, is defined. The results are compared with those based on a conventional engineering demand parameter. The availability of the prototype tower under earthquake action and the effectiveness of the newly defined engineering demand parameter are validated.

scholarly journals Automated gas bubble imaging at sea floor – a new method of in situ gas flux quantification

Ocean Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thomanek ◽  
O. Zielinski ◽  
H. Sahling ◽  
G. Bohrmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Sea Floor

Abstract. Photo-optical systems are common in marine sciences and have been extensively used in coastal and deep-sea research. However, due to technical limitations in the past photo images had to be processed manually or semi-automatically. Recent advances in technology have rapidly improved image recording, storage and processing capabilities which are used in a new concept of automated in situ gas quantification by photo-optical detection. The design for an in situ high-speed image acquisition and automated data processing system is reported ("Bubblemeter"). New strategies have been followed with regards to back-light illumination, bubble extraction, automated image processing and data management. This paper presents the design of the novel method, its validation procedures and calibration experiments. The system will be positioned and recovered from the sea floor using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). It is able to measure bubble flux rates up to 10 L/min with a maximum error of 33% for worst case conditions. The Bubblemeter has been successfully deployed at a water depth of 1023 m at the Makran accretionary prism offshore Pakistan during a research expedition with R/V Meteor in November 2007.

scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of Shake Table Device on Strong Earthquake Output

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Ping Shao ◽  
Hai-yan Li ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jian-feng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Structural Specimen

In order to avoid unexpected damage of structural specimens in the test, at the beginning, a signal with small amplitude is adopted to input the shake table device to gain the transfer function and corresponding drive signal, and then a strong earthquake output can be reproduced by amplifying the drive signal proportionally. However, as there are obvious nonlinearities inherent in the shake table device and structural specimen under strong earthquakes, errors inevitably exist in the replayed and amplified earthquake output if the linear transfer function and the drive signal, which are obtained by the small amplitude input, are adopted, and the desired output signal cannot accurately be achieved. Considering this point, several typical structural experiments are introduced and analyzed in this paper to study the earthquake output accuracy of the large-scale shake table test, such as inertia and elastic specimens, large-span floor, isolated building, high-speed railway station, bridge piers, and collision of adjacent multispan bridges. The transfer function of the shake table device and structural specimen is described. The energy-time history (energy-TH) index can assess the accuracy of the shake table on the strong earthquake output in the aspect of specimens other than signals themselves. The double parameter performance table is established based on this energy-TH index. More attention should be paid to energy and amplitude for the reproduction of strong earthquakes, and the accuracy details of signal reproduction should not be too strict.

Analysis on a Counter-Current Flow Hemodialyzer

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W Loney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Confluent Hypergeometric Functions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Good Agreement

The closed form solution to the conjugated boundary value problem posed by a counter current hemodialyzer facilitates the estimation of the overall mass transfer coefficient. Comparison of the proposed model results with published experimental data shows good agreement for Urea and Creatinine clearances over a published range of blood and dialyzate flow rates. This model predicts clearances with a maximum error of less than 4% for both Urea and Creatinine when blood flow is 75% of the dialyzate flow. However, when both blood and dialyzate flows are identical the model over predicts the experimental data by 1.47% in the case of Urea and 4.75 for Creatinine flows of 300 ml/min. Although the concentration profile is an infinite series involving confluent hypergeometric functions, 2 terms of the series were sufficient (Mathematica notebook program) to produce these results. Overall mass transfer coefficients can now be deduced from the Sherwood numbers and provide possible improvement over currently used area coefficients.

scholarly journals Automated gas bubble imaging at sea floor – a new method of in situ gas flux quantification

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thomanek ◽  
O. Zielinski ◽  
H. Sahling ◽  
G. Bohrmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Sea Floor

Abstract. Photo-optical systems are common in marine sciences and have been extensively used in coastal and deep-sea research. However, due to technical limitations in the past photo images had to be processed manually or semi-automatically. Recent advances in technology have rapidly improved image recording, storage and processing capabilities which are used in a new concept of automated in situ gas quantification by photo-optical detection. The design for an in situ high-speed image acquisition and automated data processing system is reported ("Bubblemeter"). New strategies have been followed with regards to back-light illumination, bubble extraction, automated image processing and data management. This paper presents the design of the novel method, its validation procedures and calibration experiments. The system will be positioned and recovered from the sea floor using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). It is able to measure bubble flux rates up to 10 L/min with a maximum error of 33% for worst case conditions. The Bubblemeter has been successfully deployed at a water depth of 1023 m at the Makran accretionary prism offshore Pakistan during a research expedition with R/V Meteor in November 2007.

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