Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Quay Crane Hoist Gearbox Bearing under Dynamic Operating Conditions Based on ARIMA-CAPF Framework

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of quay crane (QC) bearings is of great significance to port production safety. An RUL prediction framework of QC bearing under dynamic conditions is proposed. Firstly, the load is discretized, and the corresponding operating conditions are classified. Then, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is utilized to predict the load and corresponding operating conditions. Secondly, a Wiener process considering degradation rates and jump coefficients under different operating conditions is developed as the state transfer function. Finally, a condition-activated particle filter (CAPF) is proposed to predict the system state and the bearing’s RUL. The proposed prediction framework is verified by the hoist bearing life cycle data from a port in Shanghai collected by the NetCMAS system. The prediction results by the ARIMA-CAPF framework in comparison with three other prediction strategies identify the effectiveness.

Voltage and Frequency Control for Hybrid Stand-Alone Power Systems For Isolated Communities

This paper proposes a control and overall coordination of a hybrid stand-alone power system. The system may comprise a wind turbine, fuel cell, electrolyzer, battery storage, diesel generator and a set of loads. The overall control planning of the hybrid system is based on a two-level structure. The top-level is the energy management and power regulation system. Depending on wind and load conditions, this system generates reference dynamic operating points to low-level individual sub-systems. The energy management and power regulation system also controls the load scheduling operation during unfavourable wind conditions with inadequate energy storage in order to avoid a system black-out. Based on the reference dynamic operating points of the individual sub-systems, the local controllers control the wind turbine, fuel cell, electrolyzer and battery storage units. The proposed control system is implemented in MATLAB Simpower software and tested for various wind and load conditions. Results are presented and elucidated.

Application of the soft starter for the asynchronous motor of the belt conveyor

The purpose of the work is to justify the need for a smooth start of the conveyor belt. Based on the technological features of the transportation process, the direct start of the conveyor with a loaded undercarriage entails an increase in inertial forces, overload of the traction chains and the drive. Due to the increased starting torque, there is a danger of slipping, the occurrence of an oscillatory transient of the escaping branch of the tape, slipping between the tape and the drive drum. This leads to significant wear of the tape and breakdowns of other equipment, which requires high repair costs. With a smooth start of the conveyor, the acceleration lasts longer, but the movement of the concentrated masses of the belt is more consistent, less oscillatory, which indicates less dynamic forces in the belt. Also, with a smooth start, energy losses in the engine and its heating are reduced. The main results of the work - the transients in the currents of the stator and rotor, in the speed of rotation of the motor and in the speed of movement of the conveyor belt were obtained. The developed model allows us to investigate the dynamic operating modes of the engine and the mechanical part of the conveyor, to analyze the forces arising in the belt during direct and smooth start of the conveyor, to evaluate the slip of the belt and the magnitude of the traction factor. Conclusions - the results of this work should be the basis for controlling the tension in the belt and maintaining the traction factor of the conveyor belt in the start-brake operating modes. In addition, the results obtained can be used in the development of a belt speed control system depending on the amount of random freight traffic entering the conveyor.

An enhanced whale optimized fractional order piλ controller based power quality improvement for sensorless brushless dc motor under dynamic operating conditions

This paper presents an Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm (EWO) approach for tuning to perfection of Fractional Order Proportional Integral and integral order Controller (FOPI λ ) is used to sensorless speed control of permanent magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor under the operating dynamic condition such as (i) speed change by set speed command signal (ii) varying load conditions, (iii) integrated conditions and (iv) controller parameters uncertainty. On the other hand, it deals with a reduced THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) under dynamic operating conditions to improve the power quality for the above control system. Here present are three optimization techniques, namely (i) Enhanced Whale Optimization (EWO), (ii) Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO), and (iii) Social Spider Optimization (SSO) for fine-tuning of the FOPI λ controller parameters with reduction of THD. The proposed optimization algorithm optimized FOPI λ controller are compared under various BLDC motor operating conditions. Based on the results of MATLAB/Simulink models, the proposed algorithms are evaluated. Here, both the simulation and the results of the experiments are validated for the proposed controller technique. It demonstrates that the effectiveness of the proposed controllers is completely validated by comparing the three intelligent optimization techniques mentioned above. The EWO optimized FOPI λ controller for speed control of sensorless PMBLDC motor clearly outperforms the other two intelligent controllers by minimizing the time domain parameters, THD, performance Indices error, convergence time, control efforts, cost function, mean and standard deviation.

Research on Exhaust Emissions in Dynamic Operating States of a Combustion Engine in a Real Driving Emissions Test

The paper describes the method of investigations of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under operation classified in terms of its dynamic states. In this paper, the engine operating states are determined through the vehicle driving under actual traffic conditions in the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. Based on the recorded tracings of the vehicle velocity, the engine states were classified as static for the acceleration of the absolute value lower than the adopted classification limit. Besides, the authors analyzed the engine operating states for the positive as well as negative acceleration. For the adopted engine operating states, zero-dimensional characteristics of the emission intensity for individual exhaust components were determined (average value, coefficient of variation). The influence of the analyzed operating states on the emission of individual exhaust components was assessed. The greatest increase in the intensity of the emission of nitrogen oxides was observed for the positive vehicle acceleration model and the lowest (also for the nitrogen oxides) for the negative vehicle acceleration. On average, the greatest increase in the emission intensity of pollutants and the intensity of particle number occurred for the dynamic states of the engine corresponding to positive acceleration. The conclusions from the performed investigations entitle the authors to propose a greater allowance for the exhaust emission-related criteria in the engine control algorithms.