FREE GROUPS OF QUATERNIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLAVIO D'ALESSANDRO

This paper deals with the study of the free noncommutative group in the multiplicative group of the skewfield of the real Hamilton quaternions. The main results proved in this paper allows us to obtain the following interesting corollary: let G be a subgroup of rational quaternions. Then G is either solvable or contains the free noncommutative group.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Carl ◽  
Lothar Sebastian Krapp

Exploring further the connection between exponentiation on real closed fields and the existence of an integer part modelling strong fragments of arithmetic, we demonstrate that each model of true arithmetic is an integer part of an exponential real closed field that is elementarily equivalent to the real numbers with exponentiation and that each model of Peano arithmetic is an integer part of a real closed field that admits an isomorphism between its ordered additive and its ordered multiplicative group of positive elements. Under the assumption of Schanuel’s Conjecture, we obtain further strengthenings for the last statement.


1958 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bomshik Chang ◽  
S. A. Jennings ◽  
Rimhak Ree

Denote by Fα,β the multiplicative group generated by the two matrices where α and β are complex numbers. Sanov (3) proved that F α,β is free, and Brenner (1) showed that F m,m is free if m ⩾ 2.


Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmit Bagchi

Generally, the linear topological spaces successfully generate Tychonoff product topology in lower dimensions. This paper proposes the construction and analysis of a multidimensional topological space based on the Cartesian product of complex and real spaces in continua. The geometry of the resulting space includes a real plane with planar rotational symmetry. The basis of topological space contains cylindrical open sets. The projection of a cylindrically symmetric continuous function in the topological space onto a complex planar subspace maintains surjectivity. The proposed construction shows that there are two projective topological subspaces admitting non-uniform scaling, where the complex subspace scales at a higher order than the real subspace generating a quasinormed space. Furthermore, the space can be equipped with commutative and finite translations on complex and real subspaces. The complex subspace containing the origin of real subspace supports associativity under finite translation and multiplication operations in a combination. The analysis of the formation of a multidimensional topological group in the space requires first-order translation in complex subspace, where the identity element is located on real plane in the space. Moreover, the complex translation of identity element is restricted within the corresponding real plane. The topological projections support additive group structures in real one-dimensional as well as two-dimensional complex subspaces. Furthermore, a multiplicative group is formed in the real projective space. The topological properties, such as the compactness and homeomorphism of subspaces under various combinations of projections and translations, are analyzed. It is considered that the complex subspace is holomorphic in nature.


2006 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOU VAN DEN DRIES ◽  
AYHAN GÜNAYDIN

We consider the model theory of the real and complex fields with a multiplicative group having the Mann property. Among these groups are the finitely generated multiplicative groups in these fields. As a by-product we obtain some results on groups with the Mann property in rings of Witt vectors and in fields of positive characteristic.k


1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chander Kanta Gupta

Let R be a commutative ring with unity and let M(R) be the multiplicative group of 4 x 4 triangular matrices (aij) over R, where a11 is a unit element of R and aii = 1 for i = 2, 3, 4. If V(=AN2 ∧ N2A) denotes the variety of groups which are both abelian-by-class-2 and class-2-by-abelian, then it is routine to verify that M(R) ∊ V. Here we prove the following,Theorem. Let F(V) denote the free group of finite or countable infinite rank of the variety V. Then for a suitable choice of R, F(V) is embedded in M(R).


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Maurizio Brunetti ◽  
Francesco Belardo

Let $\mathbb T$ be the multiplicative group of complex units, and let $\mathcal L (\Phi)$ denote a line graph of a $\mathbb{T}$-gain graph $\Phi$. Similarly to what happens in the context of signed graphs, the real number $\min Spec(A(\mathcal L (\Phi))$, that is, the smallest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $\mathcal L(\Phi)$, is not less than $-2$. The structural conditions on $\Phi$ ensuring that $\min Spec(A(\mathcal L (\Phi))=-2$ are identified. When such conditions are fulfilled, bases of the $-2$-eigenspace are constructed with the aid of the star complement technique.


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