On Fanfiction and the Amateur/ Professional Divide

One of the primary criticisms of fandom and fanfiction writers is that they are trespassing on grounds best left preserved for the “professionals.” Their very existence threatens the boundaries between expert and amateur, between trained artists and “usurpers.” This chapter surveys the debates surrounding the proper place of fanfiction and other fan-produced work in the hierarchy of both folklore studies and artistic production in general, arguing that such debates are an interesting corollary to discussions about fraudulent folklore and the amateur folklorist.

From an Entropic Measure of Time to Laws of Motion

A hypothesis proposed in the paper Entropy (Martyushev, L.M. Entropy 2017, 19, 345) on the deductive formulation of a physical theory based on explicitly- and universally-introduced basic concepts is further developed. An entropic measure of time with a number of properties leading to an analog of the Galileo–Einstein relativity principle is considered. Using this measure and a simple model, a kinematic law which relates time to the size and number of particles of a system is obtained. Corollaries of this law are examined. In particular, accelerated growth of the system size is obtained, whereas in systems with constant size, a decrease in the number of particles is observed. An interesting corollary is the emergence of repulsive and attractive forces inversely proportional to the square of the system size for relatively dense systems and constant for systems with sufficiently low density.

From an Entropic Measure of Time to Laws of Motion

An idea expressed in the paper [Entropy 2017, 19, 345] about the deductive formulation of a physical theory resting on explicitly- and universally-introduced basic concepts is developed. An entropic measure of time with a number of properties leading to an analog of the Galilei–Einstein relativity principle is considered. Using the introduced measure and a simple model, a kinematic law relating the size, time, and number of particles of a system is obtained. Corollaries of this law are examined. In particular, accelerated increase of the system size and, if the system size remains unchanged, decrease of the number of particles are found. An interesting corollary is the emergence of repulsive and attractive forces inversely proportional to the square of the system size for relatively dense systems and constant for sufficiently rarefied systems.

When Public Reason Fails Us: Convergence Discourse as Blood Oath

Public officials in John Rawls's well-ordered society face an assurance problem. They prefer to act in accordance with the political conception of justice, but only if they are assured that others will. On Paul Weithman's influential interpretation, Rawls attempts to solve this problem by claiming that public reason is an assurance mechanism. There are several problems with Rawls's solution: Public reason talk is too cheap to facilitate assurance, it is difficult to know when particular utterances express public reasons, and the requirements of public reason conflict with the fact of reasonable pluralism. We argue that convergence discourse—not public reason—solves the assurance problem by being a costly signal that indicates commitment to the political conception. This solution has none of Rawls's problems and has an interesting corollary: As diversity increases in society, so too does society's ability to solve the assurance problem. In short, the more diversity the better.

Array nonrecursiveness and relative recursive enumerability

In this paper we prove that a degree a is array nonrecursive (ANR) if and only if every degree b ≥ a is r.e. in and strictly above another degree (RRE). This result will answer some questions in [ASDWY]. We also deduce an interesting corollary that every n-REA degree has a strong minimal cover if and only if it is array recursive.

The relationship between splenic, renal, gastric and cardiac sonographic and post-mortem measurements in horses

The relationships between spleen size and the size of kidney, stomach, and heart were studied ultrasonographically. Kidney was studied as a non-mobile internal reference standard. Stomach has been reported to alter spleen size with changing stomach diameter. Heart would logically be hypothesized to correlate with spleen size as measure of athleticism. Standard echocardiograms, sonographic and post-mortem splenic, renal and gastric measurements were obtained from 8 donated horses. Splenic measurements were obtained at baseline and after administration of epinephrine and detomidine (separately) to mimic maximal and resting sympathetic tone and obtain minimal and maximal splenic size, respectively. No significant correlations (r<0.5, P≯0.05) were observed between the sonographic or post-mortem splenic measurements and sonographic or post-mortem renal measurements. Sonographically-estimated and post-mortem spleen volume were correlated with the sonographic (r=0.89, P=0.003) and post-mortem stomach length (r=0.77, P=0.02). Sonographic and post-mortem gastric measurements were not strongly correlated. Baseline (before administration of drugs) sonographically-estimated volume of the spleen was not strongly correlated with echocardiographic or post-mortem cardiac measurements. Sonographically-estimated splenic volume after detomidine administration was correlated with left ventricular weight (r=0.82, P=0.01). The post-mortem volume of the spleen was moderately correlated with aortic root diameter (r=0.75, P=0.03) and the correlation approached significance for heart weight (r=0.7, P=0.055). The spleen-to-kidney ratio is unlikely to be useful in assessing splenomegaly in horses. Further studies are needed to assess the accuracy of the sonographic method to measure the kidneys, stomach and the effect of gastric filling on splenic size. Assessment of the interactions between cardiac size, splenic size, and athletic ability would be an interesting corollary to this experiment.

ALL DISCRETE $\mathcal{RP}$ GROUPS WHOSE GENERATORS HAVE REAL TRACES

In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for discreteness of a subgroup of PSL(2,ℂ) generated by a hyperbolic element and an elliptic one of odd order with non-orthogonally intersecting axes. Thus we completely determine two-generator non-elementary Kleinian groups without invariant plane with real traces of the generators and their commutator. We also give a list of all parameters that correspond to such groups. An interesting corollary of the result is that the group of the minimal known volume hyperbolic orbifold ℍ3/Γ353 has real parameters.

FREE GROUPS OF QUATERNIONS

This paper deals with the study of the free noncommutative group in the multiplicative group of the skewfield of the real Hamilton quaternions. The main results proved in this paper allows us to obtain the following interesting corollary: let G be a subgroup of rational quaternions. Then G is either solvable or contains the free noncommutative group.

A result on invariant approximation

In this paper an extension of a theorem of Singh on invariant approximation is given. An interesting corollary for Opial spaces is also derived.

Nullification Writhe and Chirality of Alternating Links

In this paper, we show how to split the writhe of reduced projections of oriented alternating links into two parts, called the nullification writhe wx, and the remaining writhe wy, such that the sum of these quantities equals the writhe w and each quantity remains an invariant of isotopy. The chirality of oriented alternating links can be detected by a non-zero wx or wy, which constitutes an improvement compared to the detection of chirality by a non-zero w. An interesting corollary is that all oriented alternating non-split links with an even number of components are chiral, a result that also follows from properties of the Conway polynomial.