Spatial Reasoning with Place Information on the Semantic Web

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Smart ◽  
Alia I. Abdelmoty ◽  
Baher El-Geresy

Geographical referencing of data and resources on the Web has become prevalent. Discovering and linking this information poses eminent research challenges to the geospatial semantic web, with regards to the representation and manipulation of information on geographic places. Towards addressing these challenges, this work explores the potential of the current semantic web languages and tools. In particular, an integrated logical framework of rules and ontologies, using current W3C standards, is assessed for modeling geospatial ontologies of place and for encoding both symbolic and geometric references to place locations. Spatial reasoning is incorporated in the framework to facilitate the deduction of implicit spatial relations and for expressing spatial integrity constraints. The logical framework is extended with geo-computation engines that offer more effective manipulation of geometric information. Example data sets mined from web resources are used to demonstrate and evaluate the framework, offering insights to its potentials and limitations.

Author(s):  
Maribel Yasmina Santos ◽  
Luís Alfredo Amaral

Knowledge discovery in databases is a process that aims at the discovery of associations within data sets. The analysis of geo-referenced data demands a particular approach in this process. This chapter presents a new approach to the process of knowledge discovery, in which qualitative geographic identifiers give the positional aspects of geographic data. Those identifiers are manipulated using qualitative reasoning principles, which allows for the inference of new spatial relations required for the data mining step of the knowledge discovery process. The efficacy and usefulness of the implemented system — Padrão — has been tested with a bank dataset. The results support that traditional knowledge discovery systems, developed for relational databases and not having semantic knowledge linked to spatial data, can be used in the process of knowledge discovery in geo-referenced databases, since some of this semantic knowledge and the principles of qualitative spatial reasoning are available as spatial domain knowledge.


Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Roldán-García ◽  
Ismael Navas-Delgado ◽  
José F. Aldana-Montes

Information on the Web has grown very quickly. The semantics of this information are becoming explicit and the Semantic Web (Berners-Lee, Hendler, & Lassila, 2001) is emerging. Ontologies provide a formal representation of the real world by defining concepts and relationships between them. In order to provide semantics to Web resources, instances of such concepts and relationships are used to annotate them. These annotations on the resources, which are based on ontologies, are the foundation of the Semantic Web. Because of the Web’s size we have to deal with large amounts of knowledge. All this information must be represented and managed efficiently to guarantee the feasibility of the Semantic Web. Querying and reasoning over instances of ontologies will make the Semantic Web useful.


Author(s):  
Hanêne Ghorbel ◽  
Afef Bahri ◽  
Rafik Bouaziz

The unstructured design of Web resources favors human comprehension, but makes difficult the automatic exploitation of the contents of these resources by machines. So, the Semantic Web aims at making the cooperation between human and machine possible, by giving any information a well defined meaning. The first weavings of the Semantic Web are already prepared. Machines become able to treat and understand the data that were accustomed to only visualization, by using ontologies constitute an essential element of the Semantic Web, as they serve as a form of knowledge representation, sharing, and reuse. However, the Web content is subject to imperfection, and crisp ontologies become less suitable to represent concepts with imprecise definitions. To overcome this problem, fuzzy ontologies constitute a promising research orientation. Indeed, the definition of fuzzy ontologies components constitutes an issue that needs to be well treated. It is necessary to have an appropriate methodology of building an operationalization of fuzzy ontological models. This chapter defines a fuzzy ontological model based on fuzzy description logic. This model uses a new approach for the formal description of fuzzy ontologies. This new methodology shows how all the basic components defined for fuzzy ontologies can be constructed.


2008 ◽  
pp. 880-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Yasmina Santos ◽  
Luís Alfredo Amaral

Knowledge discovery in databases is a process that aims at the discovery of associations within data sets. The analysis of geo-referenced data demands a particular approach in this process. This chapter presents a new approach to the process of knowledge discovery, in which qualitative geographic identifiers give the positional aspects of geographic data. Those identifiers are manipulated using qualitative reasoning principles, which allows for the inference of new spatial relations required for the data mining step of the knowledge discovery process. The efficacy and usefulness of the implemented system — Padrão — has been tested with a bank dataset. The results support that traditional knowledge discovery systems, developed for relational databases and not having semantic knowledge linked to spatial data, can be used in the process of knowledge discovery in geo-referenced databases, since some of this semantic knowledge and the principles of qualitative spatial reasoning are available as spatial domain knowledge.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleon Pereira Júnior ◽  
Clarivando Francisco Belizário Júnior ◽  
Rafael D. Araújo ◽  
Fabiano A. Dorça

The emerging need to explore the Web as a learning source allied with the purpose of providing personalized recommendations is a tough task. Considering this scenario, this work presents an approach that combines Semantic Web technologies and bio-inspired algorithms to perform personalized recommendation of Learning Objects (LOs) using local repositories and Web resources. Web resources are retrieved and structured as LOs, which allows for the automatic generation of metadata, minimizing course tutors' work. Experiments were performed to verify which bio-inspired evolutionary algorithm would be most appropriate in this context. Also, discussions regarding the quality of recommendations considering local repositories and Web have been made. Initial experiments evaluating the efficiency of the proposed approach have shown promising results.


2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 82-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Calaresu ◽  
Ali Shiri

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explore and conceptualize the Semantic Web as a term that has been widely mentioned in the literature of library and information science. More specifically, its aim is to shed light on the evolution of the Web and to highlight a previously proposed means of attempting to improve automated manipulation of Web-based data in the context of a rapidly expanding base of both users and digital content. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual analysis presented in this paper adopts a three-dimensional model for the discussion of Semantic Web. The first dimension focuses on Semantic Web’s basic nature, purpose and history, as well as the current state and limitations of modern search systems and related software agents. The second dimension focuses on critical knowledge structures such as taxonomies, thesauri and ontologies which are understood as fundamental elements in the creation of a Semantic Web architecture. In the third dimension, an alternative conceptual model is proposed, one, which unlike more commonly prevalent Semantic Web models, offers a greater emphasis on describing the proposed structure from an interpretive viewpoint, rather than a technical one. This paper adopts an interpretive, historical and conceptual approach to the notion of the Semantic Web by reviewing the literature and by analyzing the developments associated with the Web over the past three decades. It proposes a simplified conceptual model for easy understanding. Findings – The paper provides a conceptual model of the Semantic Web that encompasses four key strata, namely, the body of human users, the body of software applications facilitating creation and consumption of documents, the body of documents themselves and a proposed layer that would improve automated manipulation of Web-based data by the software applications. Research limitations/implications – This paper will facilitate a better conceptual understanding of the Semantic Web, and thereby contribute, in a small way, to the larger body of discourse surrounding it. The conceptual model will provide a reference point for education and research purposes. Originality/value – This paper provides an original analysis of both conceptual and technical aspects of Semantic Web. The proposed conceptual model provides a new perspective on this subject.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Garg ◽  
Kirit Modi ◽  
Sanjay Chaudhary

Purpose Web services play vital role in the development of emerging technologies such as Cloud computing and Internet of Things. Although, there is a close relationship among the discovery, selection and composition tasks of Web services, research community has treated these challenges at individual level rather to focus on them collectively for developing efficient solution, which is the purpose of this work. This paper aims to propose an approach to integrate the service discovery, selection and composition of Semantic Web services on runtime basis. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach defined as a quality of service (QoS)-aware approach is based on QoS model to perform discovery, selection and composition tasks at runtime to enhance the user satisfaction and quality guarantee by incorporating non-functional parameters such as response time and throughput with the Web services and user request. In this paper, the proposed approach is based on ontology for semantic description of Web services, which provides interoperability and automation in the Web services tasks. Findings This work proposed an integrated framework of Web service discovery, selection and composition which supports end user to search, select and compose the Web services at runtime using semantic description and non-functional requirements. The proposed approach is evaluated by various data sets from the Web Service Challenge 2009 (WSC-2009) to show the efficiency of this work. A use case scenario of Healthcare Information System is implemented using proposed work to demonstrate the usability and requirement the proposed approach. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is to develop an integrated approach of Semantic Web services discovery, selection and composition by using the non-functional requirements.


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