VALIDITY OF NAKAMURA–KUDO SCALING OF CHARGED PARTICLE PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTION IN RELATIVISTIC HIGH-ENERGY h–A INTERACTIONS

Nakamura and Kudo proposed a scaling form for charged particle pseudorapidity distributions on the basis of scaling in the mean hypothesis. This scaling form was tested primarily for hadron–hadron interaction data. But no attempt was made to verify this for hadron–nucleus interaction which offers unique opportunity to learn about the space–time structure of a strongly interacting process. In view of this we report an analysis of p–AgBr interaction data at 400 GeV/c and 200 GeV/c, π-–AgBr interaction data at 200 GeV/c and 350 GeV/c to test its (Nakamura–Kudo scaling) validity in hadron–nucleus interaction. In all cases the data show a remarkable agreement with the scaling behavior of Nakamura and Kudo.

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Modified Heisenberg's Approach for the Mean Charged Hadron Multiplicity in High Energy Collisions

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1978-0414 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 493-497

Author(s):

D. C. Ghosh ◽

I. K. Daftari ◽

D. K. Bhattacharjee ◽

S. C. Naha ◽

A. Roy Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Range ◽

High Energy ◽

Charged Hadron ◽

Entire Energy Range ◽

Hadron Multiplicity ◽

Entire Energy ◽

High Energy Collisions ◽

The Mean ◽

Hadronic Collisions ◽

Remarkable Agreement

The semiempirical formulation of Ghosh et al. for the energy dependence of multiplicity in hadronic collisions has been applied to account for the experimental multiplicity data of π±p and K±p collisions. A remarkable agreement has been found over the entire energy range.

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INTERMITTENCY IN HADRON-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS AT 200 GeV/c IN TERMS OF FACTORIAL CORRELATORS

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732393002154 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 08 (34) ◽

pp. 3233-3240 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

DIPAK GHOSH ◽

ALOKANANDA GHOSH ◽

PREMOMOY GHOSH ◽

DEBAJIT KUNDU ◽

JAYA ROY

Keyword(s):

Particle Production ◽

High Energy Physics ◽

Present Situation ◽

High Energy ◽

Production Data ◽

Nucleus Interaction ◽

Factorial Moments ◽

200 Gev ◽

Scaled Factorial Moments ◽

Energy Physics

Factorial Correlators (FCs), a tool for the test of “intermittency” in multiparticle production in high energy physics, has not been given much attention, compared to the efforts towards understanding the phenomenon in terms of scaled factorial moments. So far, only hadron-hadron data of NA22 collaboration and nucleus-nucleus data of EMU01 collaboration have been analyzed in terms of FCs. However, the present situation of intermittency study demands thorough exploitation of all the available tools for better understanding of the phenomenon. In this article we present the analysis of particle production data of hadron-nucleus interaction at 200 GeV/c in terms of FCs. The results of the analysis show a consistency with the prediction of α-model for the existence of “intermittency.”

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Anisotropy of damage productions in electron irradiated molybdenum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010891x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 354-355

Author(s):

K. Izui ◽

S. Furuno ◽

H. Otsu ◽

T. Nishida ◽

H. Maeta

Keyword(s):

Electron Flux ◽

Threshold Energy ◽

High Energy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽

Displacement Threshold ◽

The Mean ◽

Channeling Effect ◽

Different Origins ◽

Threshold Energies

Anisotropy of damage productions in crystals due to high energy electron bombardment are caused from two different origins. One is an anisotropic displacement threshold energy, and the other is an anisotropic distribution of electron flux near the atomic rows in crystals due to the electron channeling effect. By the n-beam dynamical calculations for germanium and molybdenum we have shown that electron flux at the atomic positions are from ∽4 to ∽7 times larger than the mean incident flux for the principal zone axis directions of incident 1 MeV electron beams, and concluded that such a locally increased electron flux results in an enhanced damage production. The present paper reports the experimental evidence for the enhanced damage production due to the locally increased electron flux and also the results of measurements of the displacement threshold energies for the <100>,<110> and <111> directions in molybdenum crystals by using a high voltage electron microscope.

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Inclusive Charged Particle Production in Neutron - Nucleus Collisions at High-Energy

10.2172/1435920 ◽

1978 ◽

Author(s):

David Hall Chaney

Keyword(s):

Charged Particle ◽

Particle Production ◽

High Energy ◽

Charged Particle Production

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Charged Particle and Conventional Radiotherapy: Current Implications as Partner for Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1468

Author(s):

Damiënne Marcus ◽

Relinde I. Y. Lieverse ◽

Carmen Klein ◽

Amir Abdollahi ◽

Philippe Lambin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charged Particle ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Immune Therapy ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

High Energy ◽

Advanced Lung Cancer ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Immunological Effects ◽

Tumor Immunogenicity

Radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to interfere with inflammatory signals and to enhance tumor immunogenicity via, e.g., immunogenic cell death, thereby potentially augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. Conventional RT consists predominantly of high energy photon beams. Hypofractionated RT regimens administered, e.g., by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), are increasingly investigated in combination with cancer immunotherapy within clinical trials. Despite intensive preclinical studies, the optimal dose per fraction and dose schemes for elaboration of RT induced immunogenic potential remain inconclusive. Compared to the scenario of combined immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and RT, multimodal therapies utilizing other immunotherapy principles such as adoptive transfer of immune cells, vaccination strategies, targeted immune-cytokines and agonists are underrepresented in both preclinical and clinical settings. Despite the clinical success of ICI and RT combination, e.g., prolonging overall survival in locally advanced lung cancer, curative outcomes are still not achieved for most cancer entities studied. Charged particle RT (PRT) has gained interest as it may enhance tumor immunogenicity compared to conventional RT due to its unique biological and physical properties. However, whether PRT in combination with immune therapy will elicit superior antitumor effects both locally and systemically needs to be further investigated. In this review, the immunological effects of RT in the tumor microenvironment are summarized to understand their implications for immunotherapy combinations. Attention will be given to the various immunotherapeutic interventions that have been co-administered with RT so far. Furthermore, the theoretical basis and first evidences supporting a favorable immunogenicity profile of PRT will be examined.

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The Surgical Outcomes of Unstable Ankle Fractures in Patients Aged >65 Years

Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/2151459321997765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215145932199776

Author(s):

Adem Sahin ◽

Anıl Agar ◽

Deniz Gulabi ◽

Cemil Erturk

Keyword(s):

Surgical Outcomes ◽

External Rotation ◽

High Energy ◽

Ankle Fractures ◽

Medial Malleolus ◽

Aofas Score ◽

Non Union ◽

The Mean ◽

Medial Malleolus Fracture ◽

Mechanism Of Trauma

Aim: To evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications of patients over 65 years of age, with unstable ankle fractures. Material and Method: The study included 111 patients (73F/38 M) operated on between January 2015 and February 2019 and followed up for a mean of 21.2 months (range, 6-62 months).Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, fracture type, and mechanisms of injury were evaluated. Relationships between postoperative complications and comorbidities were examined. In the postoperative functional evaluations, the AOFAS score was used and pre and postoperative mobilization (eg, use of assistive devices) was assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 70.5 ± 6.1 years (range, 65-90 years). The mechanism of trauma was low-energy trauma in 90.1% of the fractures and high-energy trauma in 9.9%. The fractures were formed with a SER injury (supination external rotation) in 83.7% of cases and bimalleolar fractures were seen most frequently (85/111, 76%).Complications developed in 16 (14.4%) patients and a second operation was performed in 11 (9.9%) patients with complications. Plate was removed and debridement was performed in 5 of 6 patients due to wound problems. Nonunion was developed in the medial malleolus in 4 patients. Revision surgery was performed because of implant irritation in 2 patients and early fixation loss in the medial malleolus fracture in one patient. Calcaneotibial arthrodesis was performed in 3 patients because of implant failure and ankle luxation associated with non-union. A correlation was determined between ASA score and DM and complications, but not with osteoporosis. The mean follow-up AOFAS score was 86.7 ± 12.5 (range, 36-100).A total of 94 (84.7%) patients could walk without assistance postoperatively and 92 (82.9%) were able to regain the preoperative level of mobilization. Conclusion: Although surgery can be considered an appropriate treatment option for ankle fractures in patients aged >65 years, care must be taken to prevent potential complications and the necessary precautions must be taken against correctable comorbidities.

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Charged-particle multiplicity dependence of charm-baryon-to-meson ratio in high-energy proton-proton collisions

Physics Letters B ◽

10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 815 ◽

pp. 136144

Author(s):

Yu Chen ◽

Min He

Keyword(s):

Charged Particle ◽

High Energy ◽

Particle Multiplicity ◽

Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽

High Energy Proton ◽

Proton Proton ◽

Proton Collisions ◽

Energy Proton ◽

Charm Baryon ◽

Proton Proton Collisions

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Importance of a Follow-Up Ultrasound Protocol in Monitoring Posttraumatic Spleen Complications in Children Treated with a Non-Operative Management

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Ivona Djordjevic ◽

Dragoljub Zivanovic ◽

Ivana Budic ◽

Ana Kostic ◽

Danijela Djeric

Keyword(s):

Splenic Abscess ◽

Operative Management ◽

High Energy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Injury Grade ◽

Grade Ii ◽

The Mean ◽

Non Operative Management ◽

Grade Iii

Background and objectives: For the last three decades, non-operative management (NOM) has been the standard in the treatment of clinically stable patients with blunt spleen injury, with a success rate of up to 95%. However, there are no prospective issues in the literature dealing with the incidence and type of splenic complications after NOM. Materials and methods: This study analyzed 76 pediatric patients, up to the age of 18, with blunt splenic injury who were treated non-operatively. All patients were included in a posttraumatic follow-up protocol with ultrasound examinations 4 and 12 weeks after injury. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.58 ± 3.97 years (range 1.98 to 17.75 years), with no statistically significant difference between the genders. The severity of the injury was determined according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification: 7 patients had grade I injuries (89.21%), 21 patients had grade II injuries (27.63%), 33 patients had grade III injuries (43.42%), and 15 patients had grade IV injuries (19.73%). The majority of the injuries were so-called high-energy ones, which were recorded in 45 patients (59.21%). According to a previously created posttraumatic follow-up protocol, complications were detected in 16 patients (21.05%). Hematomas had the highest incidence and were detected in 11 patients (14.47%), while pseudocysts were detected in 3 (3.94%), and a splenic abscess and pseudoaneurysm were detected in 1 patient (1.31%), respectively. The complications were in a direct correlation with injury grade: seven occurred in patients with grade IV injuries (9.21%), five occurred in children with grade III injuries (6.57%), three occurred in patients with grade II injuries (3.94%), and one occurred in a patient with a grade I injury (1.31%). Conclusion: Based on the severity of the spleen injury, it is difficult to predict the further course of developing complications, but complications are more common in high-grade injuries. The implementation of a follow-up ultrasound protocol is mandatory in all patients with NOM of spleen injuries for the early detection of potentially dangerous and fatal complications.

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