EFFECTS OF GENDER, PRELOAD, AND TRUNK ANGLE ON INTRINSIC TRUNK STIFFNESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Miller ◽  
Babak Bazrgari ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum ◽  
Michael L. Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Trunk Extensor ◽  
Intrinsic Stiffness ◽  
Trunk Extension ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

Gender, lifting loads, and flexed trunk postures are three risk factors associated with low back pain. Previous studies have not found gender differences in effective trunk stiffness (intrinsic stiffness plus reflex response) using force perturbations, but these measures may have been confounded by differences in trunk kinematics between males and females. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender, trunk extensor preload, and trunk flexion angle on intrinsic trunk stiffness using position perturbations, which have the potential to eliminate kinematic differences between research subjects and to separate intrinsic stiffness from reflex responses. A total of 13 males and 12 females were exposed to sudden, small trunk flexion position perturbations with two trunk extension preloads (0 and 30% maximum) and three trunk flexion angles (0, 20, and 40 degrees). Data collected during position perturbations were used along with a two degree of freedom model of the trunk and connecting elements to estimate intrinsic trunk stiffness. Intrinsic stiffness was lower in females compared to males, and increased with increasing preload and trunk flexion angle. Intrinsic stiffness increased more substantially among males with increasing preload and trunk angle, and effects of trunk angle were diminished with a preload. A lower intrinsic stiffness and smaller increases with preload and trunk angle, may contribute to the increased rate of occupational LBP and injury among females.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cross-Legged Sitting on the Trunk and Pelvic Angles and Gluteal Pressure in People with and without Low Back Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
Kyoung-sim Jung ◽  
Jin-hwa Jung ◽  
Tae-sung In
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Pelvic Obliquity ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
The Cross

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cross-legged sitting on the trunk flexion angle, pelvic obliquity, and gluteal pressure of subjects with and without low back pain (LBP). The study subjects were 30 LBP patients and 30 healthy individuals. They were instructed to sit on a chair, the height of which was adjustable, so that their knee and hip joints were bent at 90°. All subjects were asked to perform two sitting postures: erect sitting and cross-legged sitting. Trunk flexion angle and pelvic obliquity were measured using a three-dimensional motion-capture system, and gluteal pressure was measured using a force plate. Compared to erect sitting, cross-legged sitting showed a significantly lower trunk flexion angle and greater pelvic obliquity in both groups. Compared to healthy subjects, the patients with LBP had lower trunk flexion angles and greater gluteal pressure asymmetry during cross-legged sitting. The pelvic obliquity was greater in the cross-legged sitting posture than in the erect sitting posture, but there was no difference between the groups. We found that the trunk became more slouched in the cross-legged sitting posture than in the erect sitting posture, and this tendency was more pronounced in patients with LBP.

scholarly journals Langhantelgestütztes Krafttraining zur Therapie von unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen: Eine prospektive Fallserie

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Strength Capacity ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Trunk Extension ◽  
Pain Patients

Non-specific low back pain is considered a widespread disease and therefore leads to a high financial burden on the health care system. Among other things, reduced muscle strength of the trunk extensors is discussed as major risk factor. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the influence of a barbell training on the strength capacity of the trunk muscles and on the pain-related restrictions in the everyday life of low back pain patients. Nine patients (3 female, 6 male) carried out a barbell training for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the isometric force of trunk flexion and trunk extension was measured. In addition, the determination of the pain-related restrictions in everyday life was assessed using a questionnaire. The barbell training led to a significant reduction in pain-related restrictions of everyday life (-12.5 %points, -63.7%). At the same time, the force-output for trunk extension (151.0 N, +30.7%) and trunk flexion (111.9 N, +25.9%) increased significantly. The correlation analysis showed that the decrease in pain-related restrictions of everyday life is highly correlated with the increased force-output of trunk extension. Furthermore, it became clear that a low flexion-extension ratio in the trunk seems typical in low back pain patients. In conclusion, it can be stated that a barbell training is suitable to the therapy of non-specific low back pain.

Maximum Trunk Flexion Angle during the Sit to Stand Is Not Determined by Knee or Trunk-Hip Extension Strength in Healthy Older Adults

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Lundin ◽  
Dennis W. Jahnigen ◽  
Mark D. Grabiner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Trunk Extensor

When rising from a chair, older adults have been reported to use a strategy in which the trunk is flexed to a greater extent than young adults, a strategy attributed by some to concerns with the postural stability demands of the task. This study determined the extent to which maximum trunk flexion angle during a self-paced sit-to-stand from a standardized initial position was influenced by the maximum isometric strength of the knee and trunk/hip extensor muscles in older adults. The hypothesis was that the larger maximum trunk flexion angle attained by older adults when rising from a chair is related to the maximum isometric strength of the knee and trunk-hip extensor muscles. To test this hypothesis, maximum voluntary isometric strength of the trunk extensor and knee extensor muscles of 28 older men and women were measured. Trunk motion during the sit-to-stand by these adults was men assessed using motion analysis. Multiple regression was used to characterize the relationship between the maximum trunk flexion angle and maximum isometric knee extensor and trunk extensor muscle strength. The derived relationship was neither statistically significant nor biomechanically meaningful. This result suggests that the trunk flexion angle attained by healthy older adults when rising from a chair from a standardized initial position is not influenced by knee extension and trunk-hip extension strength as measured in the present study.

Overview and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Inpatients at Royal Prima General Hospital Medan in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Yuke Armika ◽  
Nerseri Barus
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Retrospective Case Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which there is a gradual decline in kidney function. This disease is progressive and usually irreversible. Indications for hospitalized CKD patients with severe complications and do not allow inpatient therapy. This study was aimed to describe the overview and management of chronic kidney disease inpatient in Royal Prima General Hospital Medan. The type of research used is research with a descriptive and retrospective case study design. This study is based on medical record data related to inpatient CKD patients' diagnostic and management features at the Royal Prima General Hospital Medan in 2020. The research subjects were all inpatients diagnosed with CKD, whereas 100 research subjects with complete medical records were included in this study. It was found that the highest age group was 57-65 years, as much as 37.0%, and men as much as 27%. The chief complaint was shortness of breath at 43% and additional complaints, the most of which were fever + low back pain + edema at 38%. On physical examination, most of the inspections were weak, 55%. Most palpation was sociable 57%. There was auscultation of four abdominal regions and normal positive bowel sounds (93%). Complete blood count + blood sugar level + electrolytes + urea + creatinine 70%, the most combination medication is NaCl 0.9% + Furosemide injection 31%. Based on the length of stay, the longest was 13-14 days (20%).

Position Sense in the Lumbar Spine with Torso Flexion and Loading

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata K. Gade ◽  
Sara E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Back Injury ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Moment Load

Proprioception plays an important role in appropriate sensation of spine position, movement, and stability. Previous research has demonstrated that position sense error in the lumbar spine is increased in flexed postures. This study investigated the change in position sense as a function of altered trunk flexion and moment loading independently. Reposition sense of lumbar angle in 17 subjects was assessed. Subjects were trained to assume specified lumbar angles using visual feedback. The ability of the subjects to reproduce this curvature without feedback was then assessed. This procedure was repeated for different torso flexion and moment loading conditions. These measurements demonstrated that position sense error increased significantly with the trunk flexion (40%,p< .05) but did not increase with moment load (p= .13). This increased error with flexion suggests a loss in the ability to appropriately sense and therefore control lumbar posture in flexed tasks. This loss in proprioceptive sense could lead to more variable lifting coordination and a loss in dynamic stability that could increase low back injury risk. This research suggests that it is advisable to avoid work in flexed postures.

Trunk extensor endurance: determination and relation to low-back trouble

Ergonomics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
KURT JORGENSEN ◽  
TOM NICOLAISEN
Keyword(s):  
Low Back ◽  
Trunk Extensor

scholarly journals Physical and psychosocial work environmental risk factors of low-back pain: protocol for a 1 year prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rúni Bláfoss ◽  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Lars Louis Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Warehouse Workers ◽  
Trunk Extensor

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders, and in particular low-back pain (LBP), are common among blue collar workers. In the work environment, both physical- and psychosocial risk factors exist. Working in warehouses in Denmark involve large quantities of occupational lifting, high work pace and a low degree of influence at work. This study investigates both acute and long-term associations between physical- and psychosocial work environmental factors and risk of LBP in warehouse workers. The specific study aims are to investigate 1) exposure-response associations between quantity of occupational lifting and short-term (day-to-day) changes in LBP, 2) the influence of accumulated workdays and rest days during a working week on LBP, 3) long-term association between occupational lifting exposure and LBP when assessed over 1 year, and 4) the role of psychological and social factors on the above associations. Methods The present study is designed as a 1-year prospective cohort study that will examine full-time warehouse workers from up to five retail chains in Denmark. Study aims 1 and 2 will be addressed using objective data based on company records with information on weight of all the goods handled by each warehouse worker during every single workday for 3 weeks. During this period, each worker will reply to text messages received before and after every workday (also on days off work) in which study participants will score their pain in the low back, bodily fatigue and perceived mental stress (scale 0–10). Long-term pain development is assessed using questionnaire surveys before and after 1 year. Further, pressure pain threshold (PPT) will be measured for selected trunk extensor muscles in approximately 50 workers using algometry along with measurements of maximal trunk extensor strength. Associations are modelled using linear mixed models with repeated measures between variables and LBP controlled for relevant confounders. Discussion This study provides knowledge about the acute and long-term associations between physical- and psychosocial work environmental factors and LBP. The obtained data will have the potential to provide recommendations on improved design of the working week to minimize the risk of LBP among warehouse workers, and may potentially enable to identify a reasonable maximum lifting threshold per day (ton lifted/day).

Neuromuscular efficiency of men with high and low spinal cord injury levels compared with non-disabled participants

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Frederico Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Rodrigo Rodrigues Gomes Costa ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Tanhoffer ◽  
Josevan Cerqueira Leal ◽  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Trunk Extension

BACKGROUND: The neuromuscular efficiency index (NME) is defined as the individual ability to generate force in relation to the muscle activation level and might be useful to the assessment of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and might elucidate the modifications in strength after an SCI compared to non-disabled subjects (CG). OBJECTIVE: Verify if the NME of fully and partially preserved muscles discriminate men with low and high levels of SCI and a matched non-disabled CG. METHODS: Fifty-four men with SCI were stratified into the high (HP), and low (LP) paraplegia groups and twenty-seven non-disabled individuals were selected (CG). All subjects performed maximum strength tests in the isokinetic dynamometer for shoulder abduction/adduction (isokinetic) and trunk flexion/extension (isometric). Surface electromyography was measured to calculate the NME, and discriminant analysis was carried out to identify which NME variables would be able to discriminate HP, LP, and CG. RESULTS: There were no NME significant differences between groups for the primary muscles of the shoulder abduction/adduction. All NME data failed at discriminant tolerance test to compare HP from LP. The latissimus dorsi NME during trunk extension discriminated CG from HP and LP. CONCLUSIONS: The latissimus dorsi NME during trunk extension might be used as an assessment tool to compare SCI individuals and the non-disabled-matched controls. The authors recommend using the NME index for the analysis or comparisons between the same SCI levels.

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