THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN STEP WIDTH ON PLANTAR FOOT PRESSURE PATTERNS OF YOUNG FEMALE SUBJECTS DURING WALKING

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 1071-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
SU-YA LEE ◽  
CHEN-YU CHOU ◽  
YI-YOU HOU ◽  
YU-LIN WANG ◽  
CHICH-HAUNG YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Force Time Integral

The aim of this study was to investigate the foot plantar pressure distribution and the effect of different step width during walking. Methods: Nineteen female volunteers who aged 18~30 years old and with no history of lower extremity injury were considered. Subjects walked at a pre-determined set speed with varied step width (5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm) for three trials at each step width. This study used an in-sole plantar pressure measurement system to collect the peak pressure, maximum ground reaction force, pressure–time integral, and force–time integral data of eight different foot regions. Results: The data revealed that the peak plantar foot pressure on the medial arch increased with wider step width (p < 0.05). In contrast, maximum ground reaction force, peak plantar pressure, pressure–time integral, and force–time integral on the lateral arch and lateral side of the metatarsals decreased with wider step width (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that smaller step width during walking result in decreasing the pressure on the medial arch of the foot. It may have the relieving effect for clients with pes planus and it can be a reference for rehabilitation clinicians while treating the above-mentioned subjects.

Dynamic plantar pressure analysis. Comparing common insole materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Sanfilippo ◽  
RM Stess ◽  
KM Moss
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
Force Time Integral

A comparison of five commonly used insole materials (Spenco, PPT, Plastazote, Nickelplast, and Pelite) was made to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing plantar vertical pressures on human subjects during walking. With the use of the EMED-SF pedograph force plate system, dynamic measures of vertical force, force-time integral, peak plantar pressure, pressure-time integral, and area of foot-to-ground contact were compared with the force plate covered with each of the insole materials and without any interface material.

Plantar Foot Pressures During Treadmill Walking with High-Heel and Low-Heel Shoes

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Nyska ◽  
Chris McCabe ◽  
Keith Linge ◽  
Leslie Klenerman
Keyword(s):  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
High Heel ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Hallux Valgus Deformity ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Force Time

The effect of walking with high-heel shoes on plantar foot pressure distribution was investigated. Ten normal women walking in shoes with low heels were compared to women walking in high-heel shoes. It was shown that high-heel shoes increased the load on the forefoot and relieved it on the hindfoot. The load passed toward the medial forefoot and the hallux. The lateral side of the forefoot showed a decrease in contact area, reduced forces, and peak pressures. The medial side of the forefoot had a higher force-time and pressure-time integral. It is suggested that these higher loads on the medial forefoot may aggravate symptoms in patients with hallux valgus deformity.

scholarly journals Lower limb kinetic comparisons between the chasse step and one step footwork during stroke play in table tennis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12481
Author(s):  
Yuqi He ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
One Step ◽  
Force Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Plantar Force ◽  
Force Time Integral

Background Biomechanical footwork research during table tennis performance has been the subject of much interest players and exercise scientists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb kinetic characteristics of the chasse step and one step footwork during stroke play using traditional discrete analysis and one-dimensional statistical parameter mapping. Methods Twelve national level 1 table tennis players (Height: 172 ± 3.80 cm, Weight: 69 ± 6.22 kg, Age: 22 ± 1.66 years, Experience: 11 ± 1.71 year) from Ningbo University volunteered to participate in the study. The kinetic data of the dominant leg during the chasse step and one step backward phase (BP) and forward phase (FP) was recorded by instrumented insole systems and a force platform. Paired sample T tests were used to analyze maximum plantar force, peak pressure of each plantar region, the force time integral and the pressure time integral. For SPM analysis, the plantar force time series curves were marked as a 100% process. A paired-samples T-test in MATLAB was used to analyze differences in plantar force. Results One step produced a greater plantar force than the chasse step during 6.92–11.22% BP (P = 0.039). The chasse step produced a greater plantar force than one step during 53.47–99.01% BP (P < 0.001). During the FP, the chasse step showed a greater plantar force than the one step in 21.06–84.06% (P < 0.001). The one step produced a higher maximum plantar force in the BP (P = 0.032) and a lower maximum plantar force in the FP (P = 0) compared with the chasse step. The one step produced greater peak pressure in the medial rearfoot (P = 0) , lateral rearfoot (P = 0) and lateral forefoot (P = 0.042) regions than the chasse step during BP. In FP, the chasse step showed a greater peak pressure in the Toe (P = 0) than the one step. The one step had a lower force time integral (P = 0) and greater pressure time integral (P = 0) than the chasse step in BP, and the chasse step produced a greater force time integral (P = 0) and pressure time integral (P = 0.001) than the one step in the FP. Conclusion The findings indicate that athletes can enhance plantarflexion function resulting in greater weight transfer, facilitating a greater momentum during the 21.06–84.06% of FP. This is in addition to reducing the load on the dominant leg during landing by utilizing a buffering strategy. Further to this, consideration is needed to enhance the cushioning capacity of the sole heel and the stiffness of the toe area.

scholarly journals Human-In-The-Loop Optimization of A Wearable Robot Using Foot Pressure Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal Jacobson ◽  
Prakyath Kantharaju ◽  
Hyeongkeun Jeong ◽  
Xingyuan Zhou ◽  
Jae-Kwan Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Wearable Robot ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Foot Force ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Force Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Force Time Integral

Abstract Background: Individuals with below-knee amputation (BKA) experience increased physical effort when walking, and the use of a robotic ankle-foot prosthesis (AFP) can reduce such effort. Our prior study on a robotic AFP showed that walking effort could be reduced if the robot is personalized to the wearer. The personalization is accomplished using human-in-the-loop (HIL) optimization, in which the cost function is based on a real-time physiological signal indicating physical effort. The conventional physiological measurement, however, requires a long estimation time, hampering real-time optimization due to the limited experimental time budget. In addition, the physiological sensor, based on respiration uses a mask with rigid elements that may be difficult for the wearer to use. Prior studies suggest that a symmetry measure using a less intrusive sensor, namely foot pressure, could serve as a metric of gait performance. This study hypothesized that a function of foot pressure, the symmetric foot force-time integral, could be used as a cost function to rapidly estimate the physical effort of walking; therefore, it can be used to personalize assistance provided by a robotic ankle in a HIL optimization scheme. Methods: We developed a new cost function derived from a well-known clinical measure, the symmetry index, by hypothesizing that foot force-time integral (FFTI) symmetry would be highly correlated with metabolic cost. We conducted experiments on human participants (N = 8) with simulated amputation to test the new cost function. The study consisted of a discrete trial day, an HIL optimization training day, and an HIL optimization data collection day. We used the discrete trial day to evaluate the correlation between metabolic cost and a cost function using symmetric FFTI percentage. During walking, we varied the prosthetic ankle stiffness while measuring foot pressure and metabolic rate. On the second and third days, HIL optimization was used to find the optimal stiffness parameter with the new cost function using symmetric FFTI percentage. Once the optimal stiffness parameter was found, we validated the performance with comparison to a weight-based stiffness and control-off conditions. We measured symmetric FFTI percentage during the stance phase, prosthesis push-off work, metabolic cost, and user comfort in each condition. We expected the optimized prosthetic ankle stiffness based on the newly developed cost function could reduce the energy expenditure during walking for the individuals with simulated amputation. Results: We found that the cost function using symmetric foot force-time integral percentage presents a reasonable correlation with measured metabolic cost (Pearson’s R > 0.62). When we employed the new cost function in HIL ankle-foot prosthesis parameter optimization, 8 individuals with simulated amputation reduced their cost of walking by 15.9% (p = 0.01) and 16.1% (p = 0.02) compared to the weight-based and control-off conditions, respectively. The symmetric FFTI percentage for the optimal condition tended to be closer to the ideal symmetry value (50%) compared to weight-based (p = 0.23) and control-off conditions (p = 0.04). Conclusion: This study suggests that foot force-time integral symmetry using foot pressure sensors can be used as a cost function when optimizing a wearable robot parameter.

scholarly journals The effect of taping on maximum plantar pressure and ground reaction force in people with flat foot after applying a fatigue protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Aghakeshizadeh ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Peyman Aghaei Ataabadi ◽  
Mahdi Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
External Support ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: People suffering from flat foot show more movements in hindfoot and midfoot joints as compared to the others. The anti-pronation tapings are supposed to provide temporary external support for the medial longitudinal arch. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two types of anti-pronation taping on the lower limb kinetics in flat foot people before and after performing a physical fatigue protocol. Methods: 20 male and female with flat foot aged 22.39 ± 2.02 years old were studied under three conditions (untaping, reverse-6 taping and low-dye taping) either before or after fatigue states. The maximum plantar pressure and ground reaction force were measured by an RSscan foot scan system during walking. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed after applying two types of taping (reverse-6 vs. low-dye taping) in the maximum plantar pressure perceived in metatarsus 1 (P = 0.016) and lateral heel (P = 0.044). In the post-fatigue conditions, there were significant differences between the two taping types in metatarsus 4 (P = 0.024). The maximum ground reaction force in toe 1 (P = 0.001), toe 2-5 (P = 0.001), metatarsus 5 (P = 0.001), and medial heel (P = 0.001) was significantly different between reverse-6 and Low-dye tapings. Conclusions: The results indicated that the low-dye and reverse-6 taping types can reduce the pressure on the medial side of the foot, and push it towards the lateral side. It is therefore suggested using taping as an effective treatment for redistribution of the pressure and force in sole of the foot in people with flat foot.

Increased In-Shoe Lateral Plantar Pressures with Chronic Ankle Instability

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Schmidt ◽  
Lindsay D. Sauer ◽  
Sae Yong Lee ◽  
Susan Saliba ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Force Time

Background: Previous plantar pressure research found increased loads and slower loading response on the lateral aspect of the foot during gait with chronic ankle instability compared to healthy controls. The studies had subjects walking barefoot over a pressure mat and results have not been confirmed with an in-shoe plantar pressure system. Our purpose was to report in-shoe plantar pressure measures for chronic ankle instability subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Forty-nine subjects volunteered (25 healthy controls, 24 chronic ankle instability) for this case-control study. Subjects jogged continuously on a treadmill at 2.68 m/s (6.0 mph) while three trials of ten consecutive steps were recorded. Peak pressure, time-to-peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force, time-to-maximum force, and force-time integral were assessed in nine regions of the foot with the Pedar-x in-shoe plantar pressure system (Novel, Munich, Germany). Results: Chronic ankle instability subjects demonstrated a slower loading response in the lateral rearfoot indicated by a longer time-to-peak pressure (16.5% ± 10.1, p = 0.001) and time-to-maximum force (16.8% ± 11.3, p = 0.001) compared to controls (6.5% ± 3.7 and 6.6% ± 5.5, respectively). In the lateral midfoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (318.8 N ± 174.5, p = 0.008) and peak pressure (211.4 kPa ± 57.7, p = 0.008) compared to controls (191.6 N ± 74.5 and 161.3 kPa ± 54.7). Additionally, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly higher force-time integral (44.1 N/s ± 27.3, p = 0.005) and pressure-time integral (35.0 kPa/s ± 12.0, p = 0.005) compared to controls (23.3 N/s ± 10.9 and 24.5 kPa/s ± 9.5). In the lateral forefoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (239.9N ± 81.2, p = 0.004), force-time integral (37.0 N/s ± 14.9, p = 0.003), and time-to-peak pressure (51.1% ± 10.9, p = 0.007) compared to controls (170.6 N ± 49.3, 24.3 N/s ± 7.2 and 43.8% ± 4.3). Conclusion: Using an in-shoe plantar pressure system, chronic ankle instability subjects had greater plantar pressures and forces in the lateral foot compared to controls during jogging. Clinical Relevance: These findings may have implications in the etiology and treatment of chronic ankle instability. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Control Study

Reliability of an In-Shoe Pressure Measurement System During Treadmill Walking

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Kernozek ◽  
E. E. LaMott ◽  
M. J. Dancisak
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Pressure Measurement System

We examined the reliability of in-shoe foot pressure measurement using the Pedar in-shoe pressure measurement system for 25 participants walking at treadmill speeds of 0.89, 1.12, and 1.34 meters/sec. The measurement system uses EMED insoles, which consist of 99 capacitive sensors, sampled at 50 Hz. Data were collected for 20 seconds at two separate times while participants walked at each gait speed. Differences in some of the loading variables across speed relative to the total foot and across the different anatomical regions were detected. Different anatomical regions of the foot were loaded differently with variations in walking speed. The results indicated the need to control speed when evaluating loading parameters using in-shoe pressure measurement techniques. Coefficients of reliability were calculated. Variables such as peak force for the total foot required two steps to achieve a coefficient of reliability of 0.98. To achieve excellent reliability (>0.90) in the peak force, force time integral, peak pressure, and pressure time integral across the total foot and the seven regions, a maximum of eight steps was needed. In general, timing variables, such as the instant of peak force and the instant of peak pressure, tended to be the least reliable measures.

Effect of insole material on force and plantar pressures during walking

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG McPoil ◽  
MW Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Force Time Integral

Twelve subjects between the ages of 24 and 35 years walked barefoot over a pressure platform with the following insole materials placed directly on top of the platform: 1) PPT, 2) Spenco, and 3) Viscolas. Maximum vertical force, vertical force-time integral as well as maximum plantar pressure data were collected for the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot regions. The results were not significant for maximum vertical force and vertical force-time integral among the three insole materials when compared to barefoot-only walking. There was, however, a significant reduction in forefoot maximum plantar pressure among the three materials compared to barefoot-only walking. In the rearfoot region, a reduction in maximum plantar pressure was seen only with PPT and Spenco.

Effects of Different Soccer Boots on Biomechanical Characteristics of Cutting Movement on Artificial Turf

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sun ◽  
Yao Dong Gu ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Justin Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Pressure Measurement System

The purpose of this study was to testing for difference in performance and injury risks between three different outsole configuration soccer boots on artificial turf. Fourteen experienced soccer players performed 45° cut test. They selected soccer boots with artificial ground design (AG), turf cleats boots (TF) and indoor boots (IN) randomly. A Vicon three dimension motion analysis system was used to capture kinematic data and Kistler force platform was used to record the ground reaction force. Novel Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system was utilized to collect the plantar pressure synchronized. During 45° cut, artificial ground design (AG) showed significantly smaller peak knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater abduction angles (p<0.001) than indoor boots (IN). AG showed significantly greater vertical average loading rate (VALR) compared with TF (p=0.005) and IN (p=0.003). The results of plantar pressure found that AG showed the highest peak pressure and force-time integral in the heel (H) and medial forefoot (MFF). Artificial ground design (AG) and turf cleats (TF) may offer a performance benefit on artificial turf compared to IN. In summary, AG may enhance athletic performance on artificial turf, but also may undertake higher risks of non-contact injuries compared with TF and IN.

scholarly journals The effect of taping on maximum plantar pressure and ground reaction force in flat-footed people after applying a fatigue protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Aghakeshizadeh ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Peyman Aghaei Ataabadi ◽  
Mahdi Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

Abstract We examined the effects of two types of antipronation taping on the lower limb kinetics in flat foot people before and after performing a physical fatigue protocol. 20 male and female with flat foot aged 22.39 ± 2.02 years old were studied under three conditions (untaping, reverse-6 taping and low-dye taping) either before or after fatigue states. A statistically significant difference was observed after applying two types of taping (reverse-6 vs. low-dye taping) in the maximum plantar pressure perceived in metatarsus 1 (P = 0.016) and lateral heel (P = 0.044). In the post-fatigue conditions, there were significant differences between the two taping types in metatarsus 4 (P = 0.024). The maximum ground reaction force in toe 1 (P = 0.001), toe 2–5 (P = 0.001), metatarsus 5 (P = 0.001), and medial heel (P = 0.001) was significantly different between reverse-6 and Low-dye tapings. The results indicated that the low-dye and reverse-6 taping types can reduce the pressure on the medial side of the foot, and push it towards the lateral side. It is therefore suggested using taping as an effective treatment for redistribution of the pressure and force in sole of the foot in people with flat foot.

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