EXPERIMENTAL SEMIOTICS: AN ENGINE OF DISCOVERY FOR UNDERSTANDING HUMAN COMMUNICATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1150026 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO GALANTUCCI ◽  
GARETH ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
Research Themes

The recent growth of Experimental Semiotics (ES) offers us a new option to investigate human communication. We briefly introduce ES, presenting results from three themes of research which emerged within it. Then we illustrate the contribution ES can make to the investigation of human communication systems, particularly in comparison with the other existing options. This comparison highlights how ES can provide an engine of discovery for understanding human communication. In fact, in complementing the other options, ES offers us unique opportunities to test assumptions about communicative behavior, both through the experimenters' planned manipulations and through the unexpected behaviors humans exhibit in experimental settings. We provide three examples of such opportunities, one from each of the three research themes we present.

scholarly journals The Mirroring of Symbols: An EEG Study on the Role of Mirroring in the Formation of Symbolic Communication Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanhong Li ◽  
Takashi Hashimoto ◽  
Takeshi Konno ◽  
Jiro Okuda ◽  
Kazuyuki Samejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Mu Suppression

The underlying mechanism of communicative behavior in both humans and other animals was proposed to be “mirroring”, which refers to the similar neural pattern during action production and action observation. Nevertheless, the role of mirroring in human communication remains a puzzle, since human communication systems can take a symbolic form not relying directly on body action. We hypothesized that mirroring contributes to the formation of implied meaning, i.e., connotation, in symbolic communication. We used electroencephalography to study human brain mirroring activity, indexed by mu-suppression measured in 10–12 Hz band over the left-central area, firstly in a non-communicative single-player game then in a communicative coordination game. We evaluated the effect of the mirroring activity in each game upon the performance of symbolic communication in the communicative game. We found that the participants showed significant mirroring in both games performed better on connotation-forming than those who showed significant mirroring in the communicative game only. Our results suggest that imagining signaling action in both communicative and non-communicative contexts could be a key to connotation-forming in symbolic communication.

Experimental Semiotics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galantucci
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Combinatorial Design ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Low Degrees

Experimental Semiotics (ES) is a burgeoning new discipline aimed at investigating in the laboratory the development of novel forms of human communication. Conceptually connected to experimental research on language use, ES provides a scientific complement to field studies of spontaneously emerging new languages and studies on the emergence of communication systems among artificial agents. ES researchers have created quite a few research paradigms to investigate the development of novel forms of human communication. Despite their diversity, these paradigms all rely on the use of semiotic games, that is, games in which people can succeed reliably only after they have developed novel communication systems. Some of these games involve creating novel signs for pre-specified meanings. These games are particularly suitable for studying relatively large communication systems and their structural properties. Other semiotic games involve establishing shared meanings as well as novel signs to communicate about them. These games are typically rather challenging and are particularly suitable for investigating the processes through which novel forms of communication are created. Considering that ES is a methodological stance rather than a well-defined research theme, researchers have used it to address a greatly heterogeneous set of research questions. Despite this, and despite the recent origins of ES, two of these questions have begun to coalesce into relatively coherent research themes. The first theme originates from the observation that novel communication systems developed in the laboratory tend to acquire features that are similar to key features of natural language. Most notably, they tend (a) to rely on the use of symbols—that is purely conventional signs—and (b) to adopt a combinatorial design, using a few basic units to express a large number of meanings. ES researchers have begun investigating some of the factors that lead to the acquisition of such features. These investigations suggest two conclusions. The first is that the emergence of symbols depends on the fact that, when repeatedly using non-symbolic signs, people tend to progressively abstract them. The second conclusion is that novel communication systems tend to adopt a combinatorial design more readily when their signs have low degrees of motivation and fade rapidly. The second research theme originates from the observation that novel communication systems developed in the laboratory tend to begin systematically with motivated—that is non-symbolic—signs. ES investigations of this tendency suggest that it occurs because motivation helps people bootstrap novel forms of communication. Put it another way, these investigations show that it is very difficult for people to bootstrap communication through arbitrary signs.

scholarly journals Bentuk-bentuk Akronim yang Digunakan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas (UPTD) Balai Peralatan dan Perbekalan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Loindong ◽  
Gayda Bachmid ◽  
Djeinnie Imbang
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Regular System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Internal Object ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Almost All

Language is a means of human communication through social interaction with others. According to Chomsky, language is a collection of sentences, each with a certain length and built by a set of specific elements. Language is a regular system from various forms of sounds used in expressing thoughts and feelings of the users of the language. Indonesian language was born on October 28, 1928, grew and developed from the Malay language since ancient times, and has been used as a lingua franca not only in the archipelago, but also in almost all of Southeast Asia. This study examines the language based on the internal object of linguistic study; micro linguistic and one of its sub-discipline is morphology, focused on forms of acronyms used in UPTD Balai Peralatan dan Perbekalan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. The research focus is on the forms of acronyms used in UPTD Balai Peralatan dan Perbekalan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. There are three forms of acronyms used by the Aparatur Sipil Negera (Civil Servant) and Tenaga Harian Lepas (Intern) on UPTD Balai Peralatan dan Perbekalan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, which is acronym whose form is determined by the formation process based on the theory of O'Grady, Dobrovolsky, theory of Kridalaksana. H., and one of the form does not follow the two existing theories. Of the thirty two acronyms found, twenty nine are formal acronyms in Indonesian language and the other three are informal acronyms.  

scholarly journals A six-channel microstrip diplexer for multi-service wireless communication systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Fouladi ◽  
Abbas Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Coupled Lines ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Insertion Losses

In this paper, a six-channel microstrip diplexer is designed and fabricated. It operates at 0.75/0.85/1/1.25/1.6/1.8 GHz for multi-service wireless communication systems. It consists of two stub-loaded resonators, which are integrated by coupled lines. The channels are close together, which makes the proposed diplexer suitable for frequency division duplex (FDD) schemes. The proposed structure has a compact size of 0.025 λg2 where λg is the guided wavelength calculated at 0.75 GHz. The other advantages of the introduced multi-channel diplexer are the low insertion losses of 1.62/1.27/0.43/0.53/1.26 and 1 dB, as well as good return losses of 26/26/25/25/21.7 and 22 dB at 0.75/0.85/1/1.25/1.6/1.8 GHz respectively. A good isolation of less than 22 dB is obtained between the channels. In order to design the presented diplexer a designing technique is used which is based on the proposing of an equivalent approximated LC model and calculating the inductors and capacitors. To confirm the simulation results, the introduced diplexer is fabricated and measured.

How to create a human communication system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey J. Lister ◽  
Nicolas Fay
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Interactive Feedback ◽  
Single Modality

Following a synthesis of naturalistic and experimental studies of language creation, we propose a theoretical model that describes the process through which human communication systems might arise and evolve. Three key processes are proposed that give rise to effective, efficient and shared human communication systems: (1) motivated signs that directly resemble their meaning facilitate cognitive alignment, improving communication success; (2) behavioral alignment onto an inventory of shared sign-to-meaning mappings bolsters cognitive alignment between interacting partners; (3) sign refinement, through interactive feedback, enhances the efficiency of the evolving communication system. By integrating the findings across a range of diverse studies, we propose a theoretical model of the process through which the earliest human communication systems might have arisen and evolved. Importantly, because our model is not bound to a single modality it can describe the creation of shared sign systems across a range of contexts, informing theories of language creation and evolution.

In honor of Jurgen Ruesch: Remembering his work in psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Balbuena Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Academic Barriers ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Working Out

Background: In a highly technical civilization like ours, in which the interest in human communication transcends academic barriers and clinical practice, it seems necessary to look back to Ruesch’s work in psychiatry. The main reason of it rests upon the idea that he was one of the few truly outstanding clinicians, researchers, and theoretical in the field of normal and abnormal communication. In fact, he did not only present a wealth of observational and clinical data; more importantly, he used these data to formulate creative hypotheses about the conflict between man and other human beings. Aim/Objective: The main purpose of this article is to pay tribute to Dr. Jurgen Ruesch (1909-1995), distinguished psychiatrist, communications experts and psychotherapist. For that reason, here we want to pay tribute to the enormous value of his work for the promotion of mental health and the clinical assessment of normal and pathological communication behavior. Methods: In working out his theoretical stance toward communication, all Ruesch’s works here have been reviewed. In line with this, the author also mentions similarities between Ruesch and other psychiatric/psychotherapeutic authors. Also similarities have been established between Ruesch and Frank on “non specific factors in psychotherapy”, and tensions within contemporary training of psychiatrists, almost predicted by Ruesch. Results and Conclusions: While some of Ruesch’s ideas about the nature and origins of communication has been discounted, many of his preoccupations are now part of the mainstream, and it is to here that we should look for evidence of his legacy. In fact, he has been the author of rich and fruitful ideas, which are essential to clinical understanding of mental diseases and their treatments. It is not surprising, therefore, that Ruesch’s burning interest in the clinical assessment of normal and pathological communicative behavior finds a significant echo in today’s proliferation of books, papers, and conferences on communication. For all that, we should honor him.

FEATURES OF COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Седа Исаевна Тасуева ◽  
Иман Саидмухмедовна Садулаева
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communicative Behavior

В статье рассматривается специфика и особенности коммуникативного поведения представителей русских и английских лингвокультур в ситуациях речевого этикета. Этикет относится к правилам, которые применяются в определенной ситуации, в то время как манеры включают в себя более общие поведенческие принципы. Хорошие манеры это отражение того, кем является собеседник, и, в большинстве случаев, они являются схожими в разных культурах. Этикет варьируется в зависимости от культуры и обычаев конкретной страны и должен адаптироваться в соответствии с географическим положением. The article deals with the specifics and features of the communicative behavior of Russian and English linguistic cultures in situations of speech etiquette. Etiquette refers to rules that apply in a particular situation, while manners include more General behavioral principles. Good manners are a reflection of who the other person is and, in most cases, they are similar across cultures. Etiquette varies depending on the culture and customs of a particular country and must adapt according to geographical location.

Unbounded Dependency Constructions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui P. Chaves ◽  
Michael T. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Unbounded Dependencies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.

scholarly journals The Grand Challenge of Corporate Control: Opening strategy to the normative pressures of networked professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 263178772096969
Author(s):  
Richard Whittington ◽  
Basak Yakis-Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The One ◽  
Open Strategy

We propose that the pre-eminent ‘grand challenge’ for organization theorists today is the societal control of powerful corporations. This grand challenge is the more urgent because of the contemporary inadequacies of markets, hierarchies and regulations as instruments of control. We argue for the potential role of ‘open strategy’ in mobilizing normative controls over big business. We develop a distinction between the managed and unmanaged practices of open strategy. Both can help expose corporations to normative pressures, but we highlight the unmanaged open practices of collective subpolitics and individualist whistleblowing. Especially when mobilized by globally networked professionals, these unmanaged practices can subject corporations to normative pressures where markets, hierarchies and regulations fail. We propose two broad research themes relevant to the effectiveness of managed and unmanaged practices of strategic openness: on the one hand, there are material issues to do with labour markets, organizing and technologies; on the other hand, there are discursive questions of authenticity, capability and identity.

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