A Novel Method for Classification of ECG Arrhythmias Using Deep Belief Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Wu ◽  
Xiangqian Ding ◽  
Guangrui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Learning ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Deep Belief Networks ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Contrastive Divergence

In this paper, a novel approach based on deep belief networks (DBN) for electrocardiograph (ECG) arrhythmias classification is proposed. The construction process of ECG classification model consists of two steps: features learning for ECG signals and supervised fine-tuning. In order to deeply extract features from continuous ECG signals, two types of restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) including Gaussian–Bernoulli and Bernoulli–Bernoulli are stacked to form DBN. The parameters of RBM can be learned by two training algorithms such as contrastive divergence and persistent contrastive divergence. A suitable feature representation from the raw ECG data can therefore be extracted in an unsupervised way. In order to enhance the performance of DBN, a fine-tuning process is carried out, which uses backpropagation by adding a softmax regression layer on the top of the resulting hidden representation layer to perform multiclass classification. The method is then validated by experiments on the well-known MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Considering the real clinical application, the inter-patient heartbeat dataset is divided into two sets and grouped into four classes (N, S, V, F) following the recommendations of AAMI. The experiment results show our approach achieves better performance with less feature learning time than traditional hand-designed methods on the classification of ECG arrhythmias.

scholarly journals An Accurate Tool for Uncovering Cancer Subtypes by Fast Kernel Learning Method to Integrate Multiple Profile Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Limin Jiang ◽  
Jijun Tang ◽  
Yijie Ding
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Kernel Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Kernel Fusion

In recent years, cancer has become a severe threat to human health. If we can accurately identify the subtypes of cancer, it will be of great significance to the research of anti-cancer drugs, the development of personalized treatment methods, and finally conquer cancer. In this paper, we obtain three feature representation datasets (gene expression profile, isoform expression and DNA methylation data) on lung cancer and renal cancer from the Broad GDAC, which collects the standardized data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Since the feature dimension is too large, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the feature vector, thus eliminating the redundant features and speeding up the operation speed of the classification model. By multiple kernel learning (MKL), we use Kernel target alignment (KTA), fast kernel learning (FKL), Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), Mean to calculate the weight of kernel fusion. Finally, we put the combined kernel function into the support vector machine (SVM) and get excellent results. Among them, in the classification of renal cell carcinoma subtypes, the maximum accuracy can reach 0.978 by using the method of MKL (HSIC calculation weight), while in the classification of lung cancer subtypes, the accuracy can even reach 0.990 with the same method (FKL calculation weight).

scholarly journals Research on Automatic Classification Method of Ethnic Music Emotion Based on Machine Learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zijin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ethnic Music ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Speed Up

With the development of the country’s economy, there is a flourishing situation in the field of culture and art. However, the diversification of artistic expressions has not brought development to folk music. On the contrary, it brought a huge impact, and some national music even fell into the dilemma of being lost. This article is mainly aimed at the recognition and classification of folk music emotions and finds the model that can make the classification accuracy rate as high as possible. The classification model used in this article is mainly after determining the use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method, a variety of attempts have been made to feature extraction, and good results have been achieved. Explore the Deep Belief Network (DBN) pretraining and reverse fine-tuning process, using DBN to learn the fusion characteristics of music. According to the abstract characteristics learned by them, the recognition and classification of folk music emotions are carried out. The DBN is improved by adding “Dropout” to each Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and adjusting the increase standard of weight and bias. The improved network can avoid the overfitting problem and speed up the training of the network. Through experiments, it is found that using the fusion features proposed in this paper, through classification, the classification accuracy has been improved.

scholarly journals Automatic Deep Feature Learning via Patch-Based Deep Belief Network for Vertebrae Segmentation in CT Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Furqan Qadri ◽  
Danni Ai ◽  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Mubashir Ahmad ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Feature Reduction ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Deep Feature ◽  
Image Patches ◽  
Contrastive Divergence ◽  
Vertebrae Segmentation

Precise automatic vertebra segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images is important for the quantitative analysis of vertebrae-related diseases but remains a challenging task due to high variation in spinal anatomy among patients. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach for automatic CT vertebra segmentation named patch-based deep belief networks (PaDBNs). Our proposed PaDBN model automatically selects the features from image patches and then measures the differences between classes and investigates performance. The region of interest (ROI) is obtained from CT images. Unsupervised feature reduction contrastive divergence algorithm is applied for weight initialization, and the weights are optimized by layers in a supervised fine-tuning procedure. The discriminative learning features obtained from the steps above are used as input of a classifier to obtain the likelihood of the vertebrae. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PaDBN model can considerably reduce computational cost and produce an excellent performance in vertebra segmentation in terms of accuracy compared with state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Stacked Denoising and Autoencoder for ECG Heartbeat Classification

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurmaini ◽  
Annisa Darmawahyuni ◽  
Akhmad Noviar Sakti Mukti ◽  
Muhammad Naufal Rachmatullah ◽  
Firdaus Firdaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Noninvasive Test ◽  
Heartbeat Classification ◽  
Unseen Data

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used, noninvasive test for analyzing arrhythmia. However, the ECG signal is prone to contamination by different kinds of noise. Such noise may cause deformation on the ECG heartbeat waveform, leading to cardiologists’ mislabeling or misinterpreting heartbeats due to varying types of artifacts and interference. To address this problem, some previous studies propose a computerized technique based on machine learning (ML) to distinguish between normal and abnormal heartbeats. Unfortunately, ML works on a handcrafted, feature-based approach and lacks feature representation. To overcome such drawbacks, deep learning (DL) is proposed in the pre-training and fine-tuning phases to produce an automated feature representation for multi-class classification of arrhythmia conditions. In the pre-training phase, stacked denoising autoencoders (DAEs) and autoencoders (AEs) are used for feature learning; in the fine-tuning phase, deep neural networks (DNNs) are implemented as a classifier. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to implement stacked autoencoders by using DAEs and AEs for feature learning in DL. Physionet’s well-known MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, as well as the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database (NSTDB). Only four records are used from the NSTDB dataset: 118 24 dB, 118 −6 dB, 119 24 dB, and 119 −6 dB, with two levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) at 24 dB and −6 dB. In the validation process, six models are compared to select the best DL model. For all fine-tuned hyperparameters, the best model of ECG heartbeat classification achieves an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score of 99.34%, 93.83%, 99.57%, 89.81%, and 91.44%, respectively. As the results demonstrate, the proposed DL model can extract high-level features not only from the training data but also from unseen data. Such a model has good application prospects in clinical practice.

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