MODELING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DRUG RESISTANCES UNDER CHINA'S "FOUR-FREE-ONE-CARE POLICY"

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250032 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE LOU ◽  
LINGCHEN BU ◽  
ESTHER HAN ◽  
YUHUA RUAN ◽  
HUI XING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Primary Drug

We propose a mathematical model to evaluate the effect of China's "Four-Free-One-Care Policy" in MSM population in Beijing. We divided the drug resistant HIV patients into two sub-populations: primary drug resistance and secondary drug resistance. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) were used for these thresholds of our model. We find that drug-resistant HIV will spread fast in MSM population under China's current treatment policy. Especially, primary-resistant strain is very likely to dominate the HIV positive MSM individuals after 10 years. The conclusions hint that, China's outlook on HIV infections is not optimistic if sufficient kinds free second-line drugs in China cannot be put into use in the near future.

Primary drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Bondarenko ◽  
Irina Buynevich ◽  
Andrey Holyavkin ◽  
Svetlana Goponyako ◽  
Nkolaj Burinsky
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Primary Drug

Burden of the primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Panova ◽  
Vadim Testov ◽  
Grigory Kaminskiy ◽  
Anastasia Samoilova ◽  
Elena Veselova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Primary Drug

scholarly journals The effect of primary drug resistance on CD4+ cell decline and the viral load set-point in HIV-positive individuals before the start of antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Anna Schultze ◽  
Carlo Torti ◽  
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme ◽  
Maurizio Zazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Viral Load Set Point ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Primary Drug

HIV primary drug resistance and associated HIV risk factors among HIV positive blood donors in Brazil from 2007 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira ◽  
Tassila Salomon ◽  
Cecília S. Alencar ◽  
Thelma T. Gonçalez ◽  
Ester C. Sabino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Primary Drug ◽  
Hiv Risk Factors

Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 CRF55_01B in Guangdong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Guolong Yu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xuhe Huang ◽  
Pingping Zhou ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Primary Drug

Background: HIV-1 CRF55_01B was first reported in 2013. At present, no report is available regarding this new clade’s polymorphisms in its functionally critical regions protease and reverse transcriptase. Objective: To identify the diversity difference in protease and reverse transcriptase between CRF55_01B and its parental clades CRF01_AE and subtype B; and to investigate CRF55_01B’s drug resistance mutations associated with the protease inhibition and reverse transcriptase inhibition. Methods: HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma derived from a MSM population. The reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification were performed following our in-house PCR procedure. Genotyping and drug resistant-associated mutations and polymorphisms were identified based on polygenetic analyses and the usage of the HIV Drug Resistance Database, respectively. Results: A total of 9.24 % of the identified CRF55_01B sequences bear the primary drug resistance. CRF55_01B contains polymorphisms I13I/V, G16E and E35D that differ from those in CRF01_AE. Among the 11 polymorphisms in the RT region, seven were statistically different from CRF01_AE’s. Another three polymorphisms, R211K (98.3%), F214L (98.3%), and V245A/E (98.3 %.), were identified in the RT region and they all were statistically different with that of the subtype B. The V179E/D mutation, responsible for 100% potential low-level drug resistance, was found in all CRF55_01B sequences. Lastly, the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated 18 distinct clusters that account for 35% of the samples. Conclusions: CRF55_01B’s pol has different genetic diversity comparing to its counterpart in CRF55_01B’s parental clades. CRF55_01B has a high primary drug resistance presence and the V179E/D mutation may confer more vulnerability to drug resistance.

scholarly journals Primary drug resistance in antiretroviral-naïve injection drug users

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harout K. Tossonian ◽  
Jesse D. Raffa ◽  
Jason Grebely ◽  
Mark Viljoen ◽  
Annabel Mead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Primary Drug

TREATMENT OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE URINARY TRACT INFECTION WITH COMBINATION OF AMIKACIN AND MEROPENEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Jayesh Kalbhande ◽  
Vicky Kuldeep
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Near Future

Drug resistance of bacteria is biggest challenge humanity is going to face in near future. Bacteria are rapidly developing resistant to multiple drugs and there are not many new drugs in pipeline. Infection because of drug resistant organism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit. If acquisition of drug resistance by microorganism progresses at this rate, that time is not very far when we will be pushed in to preantibiotic era. We need to develop new strategies to combat drug resistant by microorganism. We report a case of highly drug resistant urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella. This strain was resistant to both Inj. Meropenem and Inj. Amikacin. This case was successfully treated by combination of Inj. Meropenem and Inj. Amikacin and complete resolution of infection was observed.

scholarly journals Primary HIV drug resistance among newly HIV type-1 diagnosed patients in St. Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Thierry Ingabire ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
E. V. Esaulenko ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
A. N. Schemelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Virus ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1

There is concern that the widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to treat human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection may result in the emergence of transmission of drug-resistant virus among persons newly infected with HIV-1. Russia is one of a growing number of countries in the world where drug-resistant HIV is becoming a serious health problem because it has the potential to compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the population level.Materials and methods. We performed a genetic analysis of the HIV-1 plasma derived pol gene among the newly diagnosed ART-naïve HIV-1 infected patients during the period from November 2018 to October 2019 in the St. Petersburg Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by direct sequencing of PCR products to determine the prevalence of primary drug resistance (PDR) conferring mutations. HIV-1 genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis.Results. The predominant HIV-1 subtype was A1 (87.2%), followed by B (11.8%) and CRF06_cpx (1%). The overall prevalence of PDR was 11%. Virus with known resistance-conferring mutations to any nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was found in 8 individuals, to any non NRTIs in 5 subjects, and to any protease inhibitors in 1 case. Multidrug-resistant virus was identified in 2 individuals (2%).Conclusion. The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in St. Petersburg, Russia is diverse. The emerging prevalence of PDR in ART-naïve patients demonstrates the significance of constant monitoring due to the challenges it presents towards treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document