The modification of natural pyrite and its electrochemical properties in Li/FeS2 batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang Zhao ◽  
Shengping Wang ◽  
Liren Fan ◽  
Jinping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Galvanostatic Discharge ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Natural Pyrite ◽  
Synthesized Materials

The crystal structure and electrochemical properties of modified pyrite are introduced in this study. The structural properties, morphology and thermal stability of synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Impurities in the modified pyrite were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In addition, the electrochemical performance of the modified pyrite in Li / FeS 2 primary batteries was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a galvanostatic discharge test. The results show that the capacity density of modified FeS 2(717.45 mAh g-1) is 1.77 times greater compared with natural FeS 2(570.4 mAh g-1). Therefore, modified natural pyrite has potentially useful significance.

scholarly journals Genesis of Pyrite Concretions: Constraints from Mineral and Geochemical Features of Longtan Formation in Anhui Province, Eastern China

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Yanfei An ◽  
Fangji Sun ◽  
Chunkit Lai
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Intense Evaporation ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Shift

The occurrence of pyrite concretions in the Permian Longtan Formation sheds light on the paragenesis, formation conditions and regional paleoenvironment. We analyzed the mineral and geochemical characteristics of pyrite concretions using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) from the Longtan Formation shales in Anhui, Eastern China. These pyrite concretions consist of two types, each with a distinct nucleus and outer layer: The former is mainly made up of quartz, bivalve fragments and minor gypsum, ankerite, siderite and pyrite, the latter consists of pyrite (FeS2) in the voids of quartz. Based on the correlation matrix and geochemical/mineralogical affinity, trace elements in the pyrite concretions fall into three groups, that is, I (Sr, Ba, Rb and K) in calcic minerals from bivalve-bearing nucleus, II (Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf) in certain heavy minerals and III (V, Cr, Co and Ni) in pyrites. Mineral assemblage and paragenetic analysis show that the formation of pyrite concretions can be divided into three stages: (1) deposition of bivalve-bearing nucleus, (2) lithification of diatoms and (3) diagenesis of pyrite. Mineral and geochemical indicators suggest that the formation environment of pyrite concretions has undergone a major shift from lagoon with intense evaporation, to strong reducing marsh.

scholarly journals Geochemical Appraisal of the Mamu Shales Exposed around Igodor in the Benin Flank of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
M.E. Okiotor ◽  
E.J. Ighodaro
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Anambra Basin ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Depositional Setting ◽  
Representative Samples

The Auchi area of Edo state which lies within the Benin flank of the Anambra Basin host shaly sediment exposures that have been classified by  previous researches as units of the Mamu Formation. This study evaluated samples of this sediment from Igodor near Auchi for its geochemical and  mineralogical properties, and intereted its, depositional environment and geotectonic setting. In order to achieve this, field studies were  carried out and representative samples obtained for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses of major oxides, trace and rare earth elements. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the mineralogical composition. Some of the minerals determined were Aragonite and galena. Binary plots, triplots and elemental ratio plots including SiO2/, Al2O3, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc , Th-Sc-Zr, and the abundance of Cr, Ni were employed to determine the provenance. The concentration of detrital indicators such as SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2, with averages of 51.95, 25.34 and 1.39 respectively, indicate high detrital influx into the Benin Flank of the Anambra basin. SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 1.80-2.20, indicate that the shales were made up of pure kaolinite. The Ni and Cr abundance indicated a mafic and felsic provenance for the sediments, however, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc ratios show that the provenance was predominantly felsic, while the Th-Sc-Zr triplot shows that the depositional setting was passive.

scholarly journals P2O5-Free Cerium Containing Glasses: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Evaluation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3267
Author(s):  
Gigliola Lusvardi ◽  
Francesca Sgarbi Stabellini ◽  
Roberta Salvatori
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Doped Glasses ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sbf Solution ◽  
Xrd Techniques

(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of P2O5-free and CeO2 doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.2, K3.6 and K5.3 contain 1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol% of CeO2. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and murine osteocyte (MLO-Y4) cell lines, respectively. Leaching of ions concentration in SBF was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface of the glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. (3) Results: P2O5-free cerium doped glasses are proactive according to European directives. Cerium increases durability and retards, but does not inhibit, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) formation at higher cerium amounts (K3.6 and K5.3); however, cell proliferation increases with the amount of cerium especially evident for K5.3. (4) Conclusions: These results enforce the use of P2O5-free cerium doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials.

scholarly journals Element Segregation and Electrical Properties of PMN-32PT Grown Using the Bridgman Method

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Wang ◽  
Zengzhe Xi ◽  
Pinyang Fang ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Wei Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Element Segregation

A single crystal with nominal composition Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-32PbTiO3 (PMN-32PT) was grown by the Bridgman technique. Crystal orientation was determined using the rotating orientation X-ray diffraction (RO-XRD). Element distribution was measured along different directions using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The effect of the element segregation along axial and radial directions on the electrical properties of the PMN-32PT crystal was investigated. It is indicated that the electrical properties of the samples along the axial direction were strongly dependent on the PT (PbTiO3) content. With the increase of the PT content, the piezoelectric coefficient and remnant polarization were improved. Differently, the electrical properties of the samples along the radial direction were mainly determined by the ratio of the Nb and Mg. The reasons for the element segregation and electrical properties varied with the composition were discussed.

IN VITRO OSTEO-INDUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-GRADE PEARL POWDERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Mei-Ju Hou ◽  
Chi-Jen Shih
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Hydroxyl Apatite ◽  
Inductive Behavior

The main objective of this study is to characterize the in vitro osteo inductive behavior of pearl nano crystallites. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS) analysis demonstrate that the pearls can induce the formation of a hydroxyl apatite (HA) layer on their surface in simulated body fluid (SBF), even after only short soaking periods. Further, MC3T3-E1 cells can easily attach and spread on the pearl powders after 1 h of cultivation.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DAN GENESA PENGAYAAN UNSUR-UNSUR TANAH JARANG PADA BATUBARA LAPANGAN BATUBARA MUARA TIGA BESAR UTARA, TANJUNG ENIM, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-212
Author(s):  
Ferian Anggara ◽  
Mutiara Cikasimi ◽  
Basuki Rahmat ◽  
Sigit Arso Wibisono ◽  
Rita Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements

Batubara telah menjadi salah satu sumber alternatif unsur-unsur tanah jarang (UTJ) seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan terhadap kebutuhan unsur-unsur tersebut. Kondisi geologis spesifik menyebabkan pengayaan konsentrasi UTJ pada batubara. Keterdapatan lapisan tipis material vulkanik (tonstein) pada Lapangan Batubara Muara Tiga Besar Utara, Formasi Muara Enim, Cekungan Sumatera Selatan menjadi salah satu indikasi terdapatnya pengayaan UTJ. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode petrografi sayatan poles, analisis-analisis X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), proksimat, dan geokimia; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass/Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/AES). Analisis geokimia menunjukkan pola distribusi UTJ didominasi oleh tipe UTJ Berat (Heavy Rare Earth Elements, HREE). Plot diagram nilai Coutl dan REOash menunjukkan prospek pengayaan UTJ termasuk ke dalam daerah prospek. Pola distribusi UTJ dan anomali redox sensitive dan redox non-sensitive menunjukkan tipe genetik pengayaan UTJ adalah tufaan. Pengayaan UTJ terjadi oleh proses pencucian alkaline tonstein yang terendapkan pada fase penggambutan dalam pembentukan batubara.

PREPARATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED Li0.8CoO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONGHUA LENG ◽  
XINGGUO LI ◽  
HUAQUAN YANG ◽  
HENGHUI ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lower Discharge

Submicron Li 0.8 CoO 2 particles were prepared by sol–gel method, and then ball-mill grinding method was adopted to make nanosized Li 0.8 CoO 2 powders. The two kinds of powders were then examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP (inductively coupled plasma), the multi-point BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) and transmission electron micrographs (TEM). It appeared that the Li 0.8 CoO 2 nanoparticles exhibited quite different electrochemical properties, such as higher open-circuit voltage and lower discharge capacity, compared to submicron Li 0.8 CoO 2 particles.

scholarly journals Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Uxue Sanchez-Garmendia ◽  
Javier G. Iñañez ◽  
Gorka Arana
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

Ancient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition will not be the same as they originally were. Therefore, it is known that the alteration and contamination processes, and the discrimination of some elements, should be considered when studying the ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their provenance, technology and the use of the artefact, as well as its proper preservation. In the present work, the authors performed an experimental approach in order to study the alterations and contaminations that occurred in 60 ceramic cylinders buried in two different underwater environments. Once the pieces were taken out from the water environments, they were characterized by a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used. Newly formed minerals of different forms have been identified, with different crystallization grades. Some examples are the needles, flakes, sponges and long and short prisms composed of several elements such as Ca, F, S and O.

Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of a LaMgAlMnCoNi Based Alloy for Ni/MH Batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliner Affonso Ferreira ◽  
J.M. Serra ◽  
Julio César Serafim Casini ◽  
Hidetoshi Takiishi ◽  
Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Type Test

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of a La0.7Mg0.3Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.5Ni3.8 hydrogen storage alloy have been studied. The anode was prepared using a mixture of the ingot alloy in the as-cast state with carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a binder. A Ni (OH)2 electrode was used as the cathode of the square-type test cell. A separator was used together with a 6M KOH electrolyte. Microstructure and phase composition of the alloy have been investigated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). A niobium-containing alloy has also been included for a comparison.

scholarly journals Chemical and Phase Reactions on the Contact between Refractory Materials and Slags, a Case from the 19th Century Zn-Pb Smelter in Ruda Śląska, Poland

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kupczak ◽  
Rafał Warchulski ◽  
Mateusz Dulski ◽  
Dorota Środek
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical And Phase Compositions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Slags from the historic metallurgy of Zn-Pb ores are known for unique chemical and phase compositions. The oxides, silicates, aluminosilicates, and amorphous phases present therein often contain in the structure elements that are rare in natural conditions, such as Zn, Pb, As. The study focuses on processes occurring on the contact of the melted batch and the refractory materials that build the furnace, which lead to the formation of these phases. To describe them, chemical (X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and petrological ((X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyses (EPMA), Raman spectroscopy) analyses were performed on refractory material, slag, and contact of both. Two main types of reactions have been distinguished: gas/fluid- refractories and liquid- refractories. The first of them enrich the refractories with elements that migrate with the gas (Pb, K, Na, As, Zn) and transport the components building it (Fe, Mg, Ca) inward. Reactions between melted batch and refractory materials through gravitational differentiation and the melting of refractories lead to the formation of an aluminosilicate liquid with a high content of heavy elements. Cooling of this melt causes crystallization of minerals characteristic for slag, but with a modified composition, such as Fe-rich pyroxenes, Pb-rich K-feldspar, or PbO-As2O3-SiO2 glass.

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