Geochemical Appraisal of the Mamu Shales Exposed around Igodor in the Benin Flank of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria

The Auchi area of Edo state which lies within the Benin flank of the Anambra Basin host shaly sediment exposures that have been classified by previous researches as units of the Mamu Formation. This study evaluated samples of this sediment from Igodor near Auchi for its geochemical and mineralogical properties, and intereted its, depositional environment and geotectonic setting. In order to achieve this, field studies were carried out and representative samples obtained for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses of major oxides, trace and rare earth elements. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the mineralogical composition. Some of the minerals determined were Aragonite and galena. Binary plots, triplots and elemental ratio plots including SiO2/, Al2O3, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc , Th-Sc-Zr, and the abundance of Cr, Ni were employed to determine the provenance. The concentration of detrital indicators such as SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2, with averages of 51.95, 25.34 and 1.39 respectively, indicate high detrital influx into the Benin Flank of the Anambra basin. SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 1.80-2.20, indicate that the shales were made up of pure kaolinite. The Ni and Cr abundance indicated a mafic and felsic provenance for the sediments, however, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc ratios show that the provenance was predominantly felsic, while the Th-Sc-Zr triplot shows that the depositional setting was passive.

Download Full-text

Technological study on the Gravity Processing of Manganese Ore

Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences ◽

10.5564/bicct.v0i7.1268 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Zagarzusem Ts ◽

Baasanjav D ◽

Sugir-Erdene N ◽

Orgilbayar B ◽

Sukhbat S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Shaking Table ◽

Petrographic Analysis ◽

Manganese Ore ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Manganese Minerals ◽

Technological Study

This study investigated the effectiveness of the gravity beneficiation method based on gravitation and centrifugal forces for manganese ore. Manganese ores from Unagad deposit, samples powders were analyzed for their element and mineralogical composition using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Mineralogy and petrographic analysis are presented the mineralogical compositions are hydro goethite, manganese minerals and magnetite, the gangue minerals are quartz, albite, orthoclase, microcline in manganese ore. Manganese mineral occurs white, improper shape particles, weak grained-aggregates associated in gangue minerals. The most important minerals consist of manganese minerals are hausmannite, pyrolusite, rhodochrosite, and manganosite. The composite of feed containing 17.31 % Mn and 36.3 % SiO2 was produced by a centrifugal concentrator in combination with the shaking table. In the experiment, a concentrate assaying 41.37% Mn was obtained from this composite with 11.9 % yields. In the next experiment, f80=0.074mm particle size feed ore was used in the MGS concentration test. A concentrate containing 38.33 % Mn with 26.57 % yields was produced in this experiment. The results showed that it is possible to obtain concentrate on the gravity processing of manganese ore that economically significant and meet standard requirements. Манганы хүдрийг гравитацийн аргаар баяжуулах технологийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар манганы хүдрийг хүндийн хүч болон төвөөс зугтах хүчний үйлчлэл дээр үндэслэн гравитацийн аргаар баяжуулах туршилт явуулав. Унагад ордын манганы хүдрийн дээжийн элементийн найрлагыг индукцийн холбоост плазмын масс спектрометр (ICP-MS), эрдсийн найрлагыг рентген дифрактометрийн аргаар тодорхойлсон. Минералоги, петрографийн шинжилгээгээр чулуулагт гидрогётит, манганы эрдсүүд, магнетит гэсэн хүдрийн эрдсүүд, кварц, альбит, ортоклаз, микроклин зэрэг хүдрийн бус эрдсүүд тодорхойлогдлоо. Хүдрийн бус эрдэс дотор манганы эрдэс нь цагаан өнгөтэй, зөв бус хэлбэртэй мөхлөгүүд мөн сул шигтгээлэг байдлаар тааралдаж байна. Манганы эрдсүүд нь гаусманит, пиролюзит, родохрозит, манганизит хэлбэрээр агуулагдсан байна. Манганы 17.31%, цахиурын ислийн 36.3% агуулгатай анхдагч хүдрийг төвөөс зугтах хүчний сепаратор болон ширээний хосолсон аргаар баяжуулахад баяжмалын агуулга Mn-41.37%, гарц 11.9% байв. Харин -0.074 мм фракцийн агуулга 80%-тай анхдагч хүдрийг хүндийн хүчний сепаратор (MGS)–аар баяжуулж, 38.33% -ийн манган агуулсан, 26.57% -ийн гарцтай баяжмал гарган авсан. Иймд манганы хүдрийг гравитацийн аргаар баяжуулахад стандартын шаардлага хангасан эдийн засгийн ач холбогдолтой бүтээгдэхүүн гарган авах боломжтойг тогтоов. Түлхүүр үг: Манганы хүдэр, хүндийн хүчний сепаратор, төвөөс зугтах хүчний сепаратор, рентген - дифрактометр.

Download Full-text

P2O5-Free Cerium Containing Glasses: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Evaluation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12193267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3267

Author(s):

Gigliola Lusvardi ◽

Francesca Sgarbi Stabellini ◽

Roberta Salvatori

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Doped Glasses ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sbf Solution ◽

Xrd Techniques

(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of P2O5-free and CeO2 doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.2, K3.6 and K5.3 contain 1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol% of CeO2. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and murine osteocyte (MLO-Y4) cell lines, respectively. Leaching of ions concentration in SBF was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface of the glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. (3) Results: P2O5-free cerium doped glasses are proactive according to European directives. Cerium increases durability and retards, but does not inhibit, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) formation at higher cerium amounts (K3.6 and K5.3); however, cell proliferation increases with the amount of cerium especially evident for K5.3. (4) Conclusions: These results enforce the use of P2O5-free cerium doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials.

Download Full-text

Genesis of Pyrite Concretions: Constraints from Mineral and Geochemical Features of Longtan Formation in Anhui Province, Eastern China

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9080467 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 467

Author(s):

Qing He ◽

Yanfei An ◽

Fangji Sun ◽

Chunkit Lai

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Eastern China ◽

Heavy Minerals ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Intense Evaporation ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Major Shift

The occurrence of pyrite concretions in the Permian Longtan Formation sheds light on the paragenesis, formation conditions and regional paleoenvironment. We analyzed the mineral and geochemical characteristics of pyrite concretions using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) from the Longtan Formation shales in Anhui, Eastern China. These pyrite concretions consist of two types, each with a distinct nucleus and outer layer: The former is mainly made up of quartz, bivalve fragments and minor gypsum, ankerite, siderite and pyrite, the latter consists of pyrite (FeS2) in the voids of quartz. Based on the correlation matrix and geochemical/mineralogical affinity, trace elements in the pyrite concretions fall into three groups, that is, I (Sr, Ba, Rb and K) in calcic minerals from bivalve-bearing nucleus, II (Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf) in certain heavy minerals and III (V, Cr, Co and Ni) in pyrites. Mineral assemblage and paragenetic analysis show that the formation of pyrite concretions can be divided into three stages: (1) deposition of bivalve-bearing nucleus, (2) lithification of diatoms and (3) diagenesis of pyrite. Mineral and geochemical indicators suggest that the formation environment of pyrite concretions has undergone a major shift from lagoon with intense evaporation, to strong reducing marsh.

Download Full-text

Element Segregation and Electrical Properties of PMN-32PT Grown Using the Bridgman Method

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst9020098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sijia Wang ◽

Zengzhe Xi ◽

Pinyang Fang ◽

Xiaojuan Li ◽

Wei Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Axial Direction ◽

Element Distribution ◽

Nominal Composition ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Element Segregation

A single crystal with nominal composition Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-32PbTiO3 (PMN-32PT) was grown by the Bridgman technique. Crystal orientation was determined using the rotating orientation X-ray diffraction (RO-XRD). Element distribution was measured along different directions using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The effect of the element segregation along axial and radial directions on the electrical properties of the PMN-32PT crystal was investigated. It is indicated that the electrical properties of the samples along the axial direction were strongly dependent on the PT (PbTiO3) content. With the increase of the PT content, the piezoelectric coefficient and remnant polarization were improved. Differently, the electrical properties of the samples along the radial direction were mainly determined by the ratio of the Nb and Mg. The reasons for the element segregation and electrical properties varied with the composition were discussed.

Download Full-text

IN VITRO OSTEO-INDUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-GRADE PEARL POWDERS

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237211002487 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (02) ◽

pp. 135-140

Author(s):

Mei-Ju Hou ◽

Chi-Jen Shih

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Body Fluid ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Hydroxyl Apatite ◽

Inductive Behavior

The main objective of this study is to characterize the in vitro osteo inductive behavior of pearl nano crystallites. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS) analysis demonstrate that the pearls can induce the formation of a hydroxyl apatite (HA) layer on their surface in simulated body fluid (SBF), even after only short soaking periods. Further, MC3T3-E1 cells can easily attach and spread on the pearl powders after 1 h of cultivation.

Download Full-text

KARAKTERISTIK DAN GENESA PENGAYAAN UNSUR-UNSUR TANAH JARANG PADA BATUBARA LAPANGAN BATUBARA MUARA TIGA BESAR UTARA, TANJUNG ENIM, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN

Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi ◽

10.47599/bsdg.v14i3.288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 198-212

Author(s):

Ferian Anggara ◽

Mutiara Cikasimi ◽

Basuki Rahmat ◽

Sigit Arso Wibisono ◽

Rita Susilawati

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Emission Spectroscopy ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Heavy Rare Earth ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Heavy Rare Earth Elements

Batubara telah menjadi salah satu sumber alternatif unsur-unsur tanah jarang (UTJ) seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan terhadap kebutuhan unsur-unsur tersebut. Kondisi geologis spesifik menyebabkan pengayaan konsentrasi UTJ pada batubara. Keterdapatan lapisan tipis material vulkanik (tonstein) pada Lapangan Batubara Muara Tiga Besar Utara, Formasi Muara Enim, Cekungan Sumatera Selatan menjadi salah satu indikasi terdapatnya pengayaan UTJ. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode petrografi sayatan poles, analisis-analisis X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), proksimat, dan geokimia; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass/Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/AES). Analisis geokimia menunjukkan pola distribusi UTJ didominasi oleh tipe UTJ Berat (Heavy Rare Earth Elements, HREE). Plot diagram nilai Coutl dan REOash menunjukkan prospek pengayaan UTJ termasuk ke dalam daerah prospek. Pola distribusi UTJ dan anomali redox sensitive dan redox non-sensitive menunjukkan tipe genetik pengayaan UTJ adalah tufaan. Pengayaan UTJ terjadi oleh proses pencucian alkaline tonstein yang terendapkan pada fase penggambutan dalam pembentukan batubara.

Download Full-text

The modification of natural pyrite and its electrochemical properties in Li/FeS2 batteries

Functional Materials Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793604713500690 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 1350069 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Honggang Zhao ◽

Shengping Wang ◽

Liren Fan ◽

Jinping Wu

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Galvanostatic Discharge ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Natural Pyrite ◽

Synthesized Materials

The crystal structure and electrochemical properties of modified pyrite are introduced in this study. The structural properties, morphology and thermal stability of synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Impurities in the modified pyrite were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In addition, the electrochemical performance of the modified pyrite in Li / FeS 2 primary batteries was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a galvanostatic discharge test. The results show that the capacity density of modified FeS 2(717.45 mAh g-1) is 1.77 times greater compared with natural FeS 2(570.4 mAh g-1). Therefore, modified natural pyrite has potentially useful significance.

Download Full-text

Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11070766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 766

Author(s):

Uxue Sanchez-Garmendia ◽

Javier G. Iñañez ◽

Gorka Arana

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Mineralogical Compositions

Ancient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition will not be the same as they originally were. Therefore, it is known that the alteration and contamination processes, and the discrimination of some elements, should be considered when studying the ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their provenance, technology and the use of the artefact, as well as its proper preservation. In the present work, the authors performed an experimental approach in order to study the alterations and contaminations that occurred in 60 ceramic cylinders buried in two different underwater environments. Once the pieces were taken out from the water environments, they were characterized by a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used. Newly formed minerals of different forms have been identified, with different crystallization grades. Some examples are the needles, flakes, sponges and long and short prisms composed of several elements such as Ca, F, S and O.

Download Full-text

Chemical and Phase Reactions on the Contact between Refractory Materials and Slags, a Case from the 19th Century Zn-Pb Smelter in Ruda Śląska, Poland

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10111006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Kupczak ◽

Rafał Warchulski ◽

Mateusz Dulski ◽

Dorota Środek

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Refractory Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Amorphous Phases ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical And Phase Compositions ◽

The 19Th Century

Slags from the historic metallurgy of Zn-Pb ores are known for unique chemical and phase compositions. The oxides, silicates, aluminosilicates, and amorphous phases present therein often contain in the structure elements that are rare in natural conditions, such as Zn, Pb, As. The study focuses on processes occurring on the contact of the melted batch and the refractory materials that build the furnace, which lead to the formation of these phases. To describe them, chemical (X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and petrological ((X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyses (EPMA), Raman spectroscopy) analyses were performed on refractory material, slag, and contact of both. Two main types of reactions have been distinguished: gas/fluid- refractories and liquid- refractories. The first of them enrich the refractories with elements that migrate with the gas (Pb, K, Na, As, Zn) and transport the components building it (Fe, Mg, Ca) inward. Reactions between melted batch and refractory materials through gravitational differentiation and the melting of refractories lead to the formation of an aluminosilicate liquid with a high content of heavy elements. Cooling of this melt causes crystallization of minerals characteristic for slag, but with a modified composition, such as Fe-rich pyroxenes, Pb-rich K-feldspar, or PbO-As2O3-SiO2 glass.

Download Full-text

Dissolution experiments of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite in groundwater simulants under anaerobic conditions

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2013.048.2.11 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 295-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Myllykylä ◽

M. Tanhua-Tyrkkö ◽

A. Bouchet ◽

M. Tiljander

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Dissolution Time ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Interlayer Cation ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Layer Stacking ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

AbstractThe effects of simulant groundwater composition, pH and temperature on the dissolution and alteration of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite have been studied. Prior to the experiments, Wyoming type Na-montmorillonite, Swy-2, was purified to decrease the amount of accessory minerals. For Ca-montmorillonite experiments, the interlayer cation Na+ of purified Swy-2 was exchanged with Ca2+. The batch experiments were conducted with the purified montmorillonites in simulated fresh and saline waters at 25°C and 60°C under anaerobic conditions in an Ar atmosphere. The concentrations of Si, Al, Fe and Mg were analysed from ultra-filtered solution samples with High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) as a function of dissolution time. The pH evolution was also measured. The solid smectite phases were analysed with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD analyses indicated that the nature of the smectite mineral did not change over 140 days. However, the experimental conditions, more or less, modified the structure (e.g. the layer stacking of montmorilllonite; the partial dissolution of the smectite), which cannot be detected by XRD but was evidenced by chemical data, and can be considered as a possible contributor to the stacking faults of the montmorillonite. The log rates (mol g–1 s–1), based on the dissolved amount of Si, varied between –10.64 and –12.13 depending on the experimental conditions.

Download Full-text