scholarly journals The New Global City Hypothesis: Theoretical Connotation and Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NI Pengfei ◽  
SHEN Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Global City ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
San Jose ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
New Perspective

Based on the logic of how the connotation of globalization has changed in different stages, we review the development process of practices and theories about global cities, extract a more general theoretical framework for global cities, and then propose a hypothesis about new global cities in accordance with the theory and historical logic. From the theoretical and empirical perspectives, we analyze the formation and characteristics of new global cities, evaluate them from a new perspective, and come to the following conclusions: Information technology (IT) and finance are becoming the leading forces of economic globalization; the superposition of cities’ functions as an IT center and a financial center has become the core feature of the new global cities; and new global cities can be divided into four levels, among which New York, Beijing, London and San Jose are at the top level.

scholarly journals SHANGHAI IN THE NEW ECONOMY OF GLOBAL FLOWS SHAPING URBAN FORM AND CONNECTEDNESS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Salat
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Global City ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Global Networks

This paper is a contribution to the significant research program having developed around the concept of the global city over the last four decades in urban sociology and in political geography. Global cities can be defined both as places and as locations in a network of flows. We use a network and complexity theory perspective to contribute to the debate about global cities and we apply this approach to a rising global city: Shanghai. Cities are networks from which locations emerge, and global cities are the places that emerge as interconnected command centres in the most dynamic and connected nodes in the global network of flows. As places, global cities present a highly unequal landscape of economic growth at intra-urban scale, with peaks of extreme concentration of wealth creation in specific locations within their urban space. To acquire a similar intensity of agglomeration economies in high-end services and in finance as global cities such as London, New York, Tokyo, Seoul, Singapore, and Hong Kong, Shanghai spatial structure needs more concentration and a more complex articulation of its economic densities. Pareto distributions, which are the “signature” of complexity, are the hidden order of the spiky spatial economic landscapes of global cities, for the distribution of people, jobs, and economic densities, office space density, accessibility to jobs, rents, subway network centralities. Within the dynamics of global networks, Shanghai challenge is to become a hub across five flows of goods, services, finance, people, and data and communication, in which Singapore and Hong Kong have acquired dominant positions as waypoints. The transformation of the global landscape of flows with an increasing growth of knowledge-based flows, cross-border flows, and digital flows puts Shanghai business model, dominated today by goods flows, at risk. Shanghai would benefit developing stronger air and Internet connectivity and building collaborative bridges with global cities.

scholarly journals Interlocking Corporate Directorates and the Global City Hierarchy

2011 ◽  
pp. 498-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kentor ◽  
Adam Sobek ◽  
Michael Timberlake
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Global City ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
City Rankings ◽  
Economic Linkages

This paper examines the direct and indirect economic linkages of the most prominent cities in the world, those commonly referred to as “global cities”, in terms of the direct and indirect linkages of the boards of directors of Fortune Global 500 firms headquartered in a given city with boards of directors of other firms. Specifically, we identify the interlocks of corporate boards located within these major cities with other Fortune 500 boards of directors by degrees of separation, and present a new ranking for selected global cities based upon these direct and indirect ties. We find that New York clearly dominates these economic linkages, followed by London and Paris. This is most pronounced for financial companies. Contrary to other global city rankings, we locate Tokyo below Frankfurt and Chicago on this dimension. We argue that these multiple levels of indirect relationships reflect a significant, and until now unexplored, dimension of what it means to be a “global” city.

Workers’ Power in the Global City? Lessons from Three New York Transit Strikes

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ikeler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Global City ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Three Strikes ◽  
Capitalist World

Drawing on the influential global cities paradigm, this article derives three hypotheses about the future of organized labor in major urban centers of the advanced capitalist world. Hypotheses are structured around Erik Olin Wright’s concepts of structural and associational power, plus that of employer power, and explored through comparative analyses of the last three strikes by New York City transit workers in 2005, 1980, and 1966. Examination of these conflicts supports two global cities predictions about the evolution of workers’ power in major urban centers while contradicting doomsday arguments about a supposed one-way decline of workers’ power.

Garden-Variety Formalist

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Colin Lang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Bret Easton Ellis ◽  
Literary Achievement ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Media Spectacle ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Complex Relationships

Recently, the effort to counter Fake News faced a counter attack: academic »postmodernism « and »social constructivism« it was said—because they say that facts are soaked in prior interpretations—are either purveyors of Fake News or set the cultural context in which it flourishes. They do so by undermining confidence in inquiry governed by simple facts. That is erroneous, argues William E. Connolly, because postmodernism never said that facts or objectivity are ghostly, subjective or »fake«. However, that what was objective at one time may become less so at a later date through the combination of a paradigm shift in theory, new powers of perception, new tests with refined instruments, and changes in natural processes such as species evolution. But the emergence of new theories and tests does not reduce objectivity to subjective opinion. Facts are real. Objectivity is important. But as you move up the scale of complexity with respect to facts and objectivity, it becomes clear that what was objective at one time may become subjective at another. Not because of Fake News or postmodernism. But because the complex relationships between theory, evidence and conduct periodically open up new thresholds. Colin Lang in turn rhetorically asks if »fake news« or »alternative facts« are a new carnival and Trump its dog and pony show? The idea of »fake news« and »alternative facts« as a carnival could not only help to see the constructedness of the media spectacle, but also provides a new perspective on Trump as an actor who is playing a particular role in this carnival, and that role is not one that any of us would describe as presidential. Many in the popular press have assumed it is just what it looks like, an infantilized narcissist, a parody of some Regan-era New York real estate tycoon straight out of a Bret Easton Ellis novel. The problem is that this description is all too obvious, and misses something fundamental about alternative facts, and the part that Trump is playing. A central assumption is, then, that the creation of alternative facts is one symptom of a more structural, paradigmatic shift in the persona of a president, one which has few correlates in the annals of political history. The closest analogy for his kind of performance is actually hinted at in the title of Trump’s greatest literary achievement: The Art of the Deal. Trump is playing the part of an artist, pilfering from the tactics of the avant-garde and putting them to very different ends.

scholarly journals Measuring the Feature of “The Global”: A Framework for Analyzing the Global City Ranking

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4084
Author(s):  
Ka Lin ◽  
Aisha Ayaz ◽  
Lizheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Global City ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
City Development ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
New Perspective

This study discusses the measurement of the global city with the primary aim to uncover the logical grounds to measure the features of “the global” in the study of ranking and comparing the cities. The study sets up a three-dimensional analysis framework with infrastructure (economy), fluidity (openness), and reputation (influence) for the basic dimensions of measurement for the global cities. Using this framework, the studies of top-10 Chinese cities in the global city comparison have been conducted with the data of cities’ scores from various ranking systems. The resources used include the index of Globalization and World Cities, global urban economic competitiveness index, Economic daily and United Nations global urban sustainable competitiveness rankings. The study tests the effectiveness of this framework by illustrating the coherence and dissimilarity of this analysis with other city ranking systems, and further discloses the advantage of this indicator system. This study exposes the existing problems in the logic and rationale of the urban studies and establishes the basis of global city ranking, thus offering policymakers new perspective on the strategy of city development.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Disorders’ Classification Proposal for Application in Occupational Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8223
Author(s):  
Pablo Monteiro Pereira ◽  
João Amaro ◽  
Bruno Tillmann Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Paulo De De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Clinical Questions ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Tissue Alterations

Occupational-specific classifications of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are scarce and do not answer specific clinical questions. Thus, a specific classification was developed and proposed, covering criteria applicable to daily clinical activity. It was considered that the disorder development process is the same across all work-related MSDs (WRMSDs). Concepts of clinical pathology were applied to the characteristics of WRMSDs pathophysiology, cellular and tissue alterations. Then, the correlation of the inflammatory mechanisms with the injury onset mode was graded into four levels (MSDs 0–3). Criteria of legal, occupational and internal medicine, semiology, physiology and orthopaedics, image medicine and diagnostics were applied. Next, the classification was analysed by experts, two occupational physicians, two physiatrists and occupational physicians and one orthopaedist. This approach will allow WRMSD prevention and improve therapeutic management, preventing injuries from becoming chronic and facilitating communication between occupational health physicians and the other specialities. The four levels tool relate aetiopathogenic, clinical, occupational and radiological concepts into a single classification. This allows for improving the ability to determine a WRMSD and understanding what preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken, avoiding chronicity. The developed tool is straightforward, easy to understand and suitable for WRMSDs, facilitating communication between occupational physicians and physicians from other specialities.

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