Quantification of solubility trapping in natural and engineered CO2 reservoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-120
Author(s):  
Rory Leslie ◽  
Andrew J. Cavanagh ◽  
R. Stuart Haszeldine ◽  
Gareth Johnson ◽  
Stuart M. V. Gilfillan
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Solubility Trapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Supplementary Material

Secure retention of CO2 in geological reservoirs is essential for effective storage. Solubility trapping, the dissolution of CO2 into formation water, is a major sink on geological timescales in natural CO2 reservoirs. Observations during CO2 injection, combined with models of CO2 reservoirs, indicate the immediate onset of solubility trapping. There is uncertainty regarding the evolution of dissolution rates between the observable engineered timescale of years and decades, to the >10 kyr state represented by natural CO2 reservoirs. A small number of studies have constrained dissolution rates within natural analogues. The studies show that solubility trapping is the principal storage mechanism after structural trapping, removing 10–50% of CO2 across whole reservoirs. Natural analogues, engineered reservoirs and model studies produce a wide range of estimates on the fraction of CO2 dissolved and the dissolution rate. Analogue and engineered reservoirs do not show the high fractions of dissolved CO2 seen in several models. Evidence from natural analogues supports a model of most dissolution occurring during emplacement and migration, before the establishment of a stable gas-water contact. A rapid decline in CO2 dissolution rate over time suggests that analogue reservoirs are in dissolution equilibrium for most of the CO2 residence time.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5476199Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

scholarly journals Pore scale assessment of subsurface carbon storage potential: implications for the UK Geoenergy Observatories project

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-092
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Payton ◽  
Mark Fellgett ◽  
Brett L. Clark ◽  
Domenico Chiarella ◽  
Andrew Kingdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Rock Physics ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Uk

The growing importance of subsurface carbon storage for tackling anthropogenic carbon emissions requires new ideas to improve the rate and cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) project development and implementation. We assess sandstones from the UK Geoenergy Observatories (UKGEOS) site in Glasgow, UK and the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation (WSF) in Cumbria, UK at the pore scale to indicate suitability for further assessment as CCS reservoirs. We measure porosity, permeability and other pore geometry characteristics using digital rock physics techniques on micro computed tomographic images of core material from each site. We find the Glasgow material to be unsuitable for CCS due to very little porosity—up to 1.65%—whereas the WSF material showed connected porosity up to 26.3% and permeabilities up to 6040 mD. Our results support the presence of a percolation threshold at 10% total porosity, introducing near full connectivity. We find total porosity varies with permeability with an exponent of 3.19. This provides reason to assume near full connectivity in sedimentary samples showing porosities above this threshold without the need for expensive and time consuming analyses.Supplementary material: Information about the boreholes sampled in this study, additional well logs of both boreholes and a summary of the supporting data plotted throughout this article from literature is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5260074.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

CO2 mineral trapping comparison in different regions: predicted geochemical reactivity of the Precipice Sandstone reservoir and overlying Evergreen Formation

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-106
Author(s):  
J. K. Pearce ◽  
A. D. La Croix ◽  
F. J. Brink ◽  
P. J. Hayes ◽  
J. R. Underschultz
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Geochemical Reactivity ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir ◽  
Mineral Trapping ◽  
Good Agreement

Injected CO2 streams may have geochemical reactivity to different rock types in a CO2 storage complex depending on solubility and formation water chemistry. The Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation are a low-salinity reservoir-seal pair in the Surat Basin, Australia, targeted for potential CO2 storage. The kinetic geochemical CO2 reactivity of different rock Facies from three regions were predicted over 30 and 1000 year time periods. No material CO2 mineral trapping in the quartz-rich Precipice Sandstone reservoir was predicted, owing to the low rock reactivity. Predicted CO2 mineral trapping in the Evergreen Formation was more variable due to different amounts of more reactive feldspars, clays, calcite and siderite. Predicted mineral trapping as siderite and ankerite was between 0.03 and 8.4 kg/m3 CO2 and mainly depends on chlorite and plagioclase content. Predicted pH was between 5 and 7.5 after 1000 years. Pyrite precipitation was also predicted with SO2 present in the injectate. QEMSCAN and SEM-EDS spot imaging of samples from the seal containing natural fractures filled by siderite, pyrite, clays, ankerite, calcite, barite and apatite represent a natural analogue for natural mineral trapping. These are in good agreement with our model predictions. This study suggests that, from a geochemical perspective, the Precipice Sandstone is a suitable storage reservoir where mineral trapping would occur in the overlying Evergreen Formation.Supplementary material: [additional model input, characterisation and model images, and an excel file of QEMSCAN mineral and porosity components] is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5395393Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

Volcano-sedimentary processes at Las Derrumbadas rhyolitic twin domes, Serdán-Oriental basin, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2021-144
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud ◽  
Corentin Chédeville ◽  
Ángel Nahir Molina-Guadarrama ◽  
Julio Cesar Pineda-Serrano ◽  
Claus Siebe
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eruptive Episode ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

AbstractThe eruption of the ∼10 km3 rhyolitic Las Derrumbadas twin domes about 2000 yrs ago has generated a wide range of volcano-sedimentary deposits in the Serdán-Oriental lacustrine basin, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Some of these deposits have been quarried, creating excellent exposures. In this paper we describe the domes and related products and interpret their mode of formation, reconstructing the main phases of the eruption as well as syn-and-post eruptive erosional processes. After an initial phreatomagmatic phase that built a tuff ring, the domes grew as an upheaved plug lifting a thick sedimentary pile from the basin floor. During uplift, the domes collapsed repeatedly to form a first-generation of hetero-lithologic hummocky debris avalanche deposits. Subsequent dome growth produced a thick talus and pyroclastic density currents. Later, the hydrothermally-altered over-steepened dome peaks fell to generate 2nd generation, mono-lithologic avalanches. Subsequently, small domes grew in the collapse scars. From the end of the main eruptive episode onwards, heavy rains remobilized parts of the dome carapaces and talus, depositing lahar aprons. Las Derrumbadas domes are still an important source of sediments in the basin, and ongoing mass-wasting processes are associated with hazards that should be assessed, given their potential impact on nearby populations.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5752296

scholarly journals Environmental variability in response to abrupt climatic change during the Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition (16–8 cal ka BP): evidence from Mainland, Orkney

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Abrook ◽  
Ian P. Matthews ◽  
Alice M. Milner ◽  
Ian Candy ◽  
Adrian P. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Career ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Principal Curve ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Career Research ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Millennial Scale

The Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition (LGIT) is a period of climatic complexity where millennial-scale climatic reorganization led to changes in ecosystems. Alongside millennial-scale changes, centennial-scale climatic events have been observed within records from Greenland and continental Europe. The effects of these abrupt events on landscapes and environments are difficult to discern at present. This, in part, relates to low temporal resolutions attained by many studies and the sensitivity of palaeoenvironmental proxies to abrupt change. We present a high-resolution palynological and charcoal study of Quoyloo Meadow, Orkney and use the Principal Curve statistical method to assist in revealing biostratigraphic change. The LGIT vegetation succession on Orkney is presented as open grassland and Empetrum heath during the Windermere Interstadial and early Holocene, and open grassland with Artemisia during the Loch Lomond Stadial. However, a further three phases of ecological change, characterized by expansions of open ground flora, are dated to 14.05–13.63, 10.94–10.8 and 10.2 cal ka BP. The timing of these changes is constrained by cryptotephra of known age. The paper concludes by comparing Quoyloo Meadow with Crudale Meadow, Orkney, and suggests that both Windermere Interstadial records are incomplete and that fire is an important landscape control during the early Holocene.Supplementary material: All raw data associated with this publication: raw pollen counts, charcoal data, Principal Curve and Rate of Change outputs and the age-model output are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4725269Thematic collection: This article is part of the ‘Early Career Research’ available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research

scholarly journals The naming of the Permian System

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-037
Author(s):  
Michael J. Benton ◽  
Andrey G. Sennikov
Keyword(s):  
System Level ◽  
Naming Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Permian System ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Great Leader ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Access To Documents

The naming of the Permian by Roderick Murchison in 1841 is well known. This is partly because he ‘completed’ the stratigraphic column at system level, but also because of the exotic aspects of his extended fieldwork in remote parts of Russia and Murchison's reputed character. Here, we explore several debated and controversial aspects of this act, benefiting from access to documents and reports notably from Russian sources. Murchison or Sedgwick could have provided a name for the unnamed lower New Red Sandstone in 1835 based on British successions or those in Germany, so perhaps the Imperial aim of naming time from British geology was not the urgent task some have assumed. Murchison has been painted as arrogant and Imperialistic, which was doubtless true, but at the time many saw him as a great leader, even an attractive individual. Others suggest he succeeded because he stood on the shoulders of local geologists; however, his abilities at brilliant and rapid geological synthesis are undoubted. Two unexpected consequences of his work are that this arch conservative is revered in Russia as a hero of geological endeavours, and, for all his bombast, his ‘Permian’ was not widely accepted until 100 years after its naming.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5412079

scholarly journals Dating protracted fault activities: microstructures, microchemistry and geochronology of the Vaikrita Thrust, Main Central Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, NW India

2018 ◽  
Vol 481 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Montemagni ◽  
Chiara Montomoli ◽  
Salvatore Iaccarino ◽  
Rodolfo Carosi ◽  
Arvind K. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Main Central Thrust ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mylonitic Foliation ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Thrust Zone ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Structural Boundary

AbstractThe timing of shearing along the Vaikrita Thrust, the upper structural boundary of the Main Central Thrust Zone in the Garhwal Himalaya, was constrained by combined microstructural, microchemical and geochronological investigations. Three different biotite–muscovite growth and recrystallization episodes were observed: a relict mica-1; mica-2 along the main mylonitic foliation; and mica-3 in coronitic structures around garnet during its breakdown. Electron microprobe analyses of biotite showed chloritization and a bimodal composition of biotite-2 in one sample. Muscovite-2 and muscovite-3 differed in composition from each other. Biotite and muscovite 39Ar–40Ar age spectra from all samples showed both inter- and intra-sample discrepancies. Biotite step-ages ranged between 8.6 and 16 Ma and muscovite step-ages between 3.6 and 7.8 Ma. These ages cannot be interpreted as ‘cooling ages’ because samples from the same outcrop cooled simultaneously. Instead, the Ar systematics reflect sample-specific recrystallization markers. Intergrown impurities were diagnosed by the Ca/K ratios. The age data of biotite were interpreted as a mixture of true biotite-2 (9.00 ± 0.10 Ma) and two alteration products. The negative Cl/K–age correlation identified a Cl-poor muscovite-2 (>7 Ma) and a Cl-rich, post-deformational, coronitic muscovite-3 grown at ≤5.88 ± 0.03 Ma. The Vaikrita Thrust was active at least from 9 to 6 Ma at c. 600°C; its movement had ended by 6 Ma.Supplementary material: Thermometric and 39Ar–40Ar data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4069076

Usitatibacter rugosus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov., novel members of Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Nitrosomonadales isolated from soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Vieira ◽  
Katharina J. Huber ◽  
Meina Neumann-Schaal ◽  
Alicia Geppert ◽  
Manja Luckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Wide Range

Members of the metabolically diverse order Nitrosomonadales inhabit a wide range of environments. Two strains affiliated with this order were isolated from soils in Germany and characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strains 0125_3T and Swamp67T are Gram-negative rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated and divide by binary fission. They tested catalase-negative, but positive for cytochrome c-oxidase. Both strains form small white colonies on agar plates and grow aerobically and chemoorganotrophically on SSE/HD 1 : 10 medium, preferably utilizing organic acids and proteinaceous substrates. Strains 0125_3T and Swamp67T are mesophilic and grow optimally without NaCl addition at slightly alkaline conditions. Major fatty acids are C16 : 1  ω7c, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-8. The G+C content for 0125_3T and Swamp67T was 67 and 66.1 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that the closest relatives (<91 % sequence similarity) of strain 0125_3T were Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196T, Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5T and Denitratisoma oestradiolicum AcBE2-1T, while Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196T, Nitrosospira tenuis Nv1T and Nitrosospira lacus APG3T were closest to strain Swamp67T. The two novel strains shared 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with one another and show low average nucleotide identity of their genomes (83.8 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the two novel species Usitatibacter rugosus sp. nov (type strain 0125_3T=DSM 104443T=LMG 29998T=CECT 9241T) and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov. (type strain Swamp67T=DSM 104440T=LMG 29997T=CECT 9242T) of the novel genus Usitatibacter gen. nov., within the novel family Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov.

Palaeolatitudinal distribution of the Ediacaran macrobiota

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-030
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Boddy ◽  
Emily G. Mitchell ◽  
Andrew Merdith ◽  
Alexander G. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Cambrian Radiation ◽  
Supplementary Material

Macrofossils of the late Ediacaran Period (c. 579–539 Ma) document diverse, complex multicellular eukaryotes, including early animals, prior to the Cambrian radiation of metazoan phyla. To investigate the relationships between environmental perturbations, biotic responses and early metazoan evolutionary trajectories, it is vital to distinguish between evolutionary and ecological controls on the global distribution of Ediacaran macrofossils. The contributions of temporal, palaeoenvironmental and lithological factors in shaping the observed variations in assemblage taxonomic composition between Ediacaran macrofossil sites are widely discussed, but the role of palaeogeography remains ambiguous. Here we investigate the influence of palaeolatitude on the spatial distribution of Ediacaran macrobiota through the late Ediacaran Period using two leading palaeogeographical reconstructions. We find that overall generic diversity was distributed across all palaeolatitudes. Among specific groups, the distributions of candidate ‘Bilateral’ and Frondomorph taxa exhibit weakly statistically significant and statistically significant differences between low and high palaeolatitudes within our favoured palaeogeographical reconstruction, respectively, whereas Algal, Tubular, Soft-bodied and Biomineralizing taxa show no significant difference. The recognition of statistically significant palaeolatitudinal differences in the distribution of certain morphogroups highlights the importance of considering palaeolatitudinal influences when interrogating trends in Ediacaran taxon distributions.Supplementary material: Supplementary information, data and code are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5488945Thematic collection: This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/advances-cambrian-explosion

Diamondiferous lamproites of Ingashi field, Siberian craton

2021 ◽  
pp. SP513-2020-274
Author(s):  
S. I. Kostrovitsky ◽  
D. A. Yakovlev ◽  
I. S. Sharygin ◽  
D. P. Gladkochub ◽  
T. V. Donskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Siberian Craton ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Ultramafic Lamprophyre ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Supplementary Material

AbstractIngashi lamproite dykes are the only known primary sources of diamond in the Irkutsk district (Russia) and the only non-kimberlitic one in the Siberian craton. Ingashi lamproite field placed in Urik-Iya graben within Prisayan uplift of Siberian craton. Phlogopite-olivine lamproites contain olivine, talc, phlogopite, serpentine, chlorite, olivine, garnet, chromite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene as well as Sr-F-apatite, monazite, zircon, armolcolite, priderite, potassium Mg-arfvedsonite, Mn-ilmenite, Nb-rutile, and diamond. The only one ultramafic lamprophyre dyke is composed mainly of serpentinized olivine and phlogopite in the talc-carbonate groundmass and similar (to Ingashi lamproites) accessory assemblage with the same major elements compositions. Trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic relationships of the Ingashi lamproites are similar to classic lamproites. Different dating methods have provided the ages of lamproites: 1481 Ma (Ar-Ar phlogopite), 1268 Ma (Rb-Sr whole rock) and 300 Ma (U-Pb zircon). Ingashi lamproite ages are controversial and require additional study. Calculated pressure of 3.5 GPamax for clinopyroxenes indicating that lamproite magma originated deeper than 100 km. Cr-in-garnet barometer (Grutter et al., 2006) shows a 3.7-4.3 GPamin and derivation of Ingashi lamproites deeper than 120 km depth. Based on the range of typical cratonic geotherms and presence of diamonds, the Ingashi lamproite magma originated at a depth greater than 155 km.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5493128

Idification and structural characterisation of a catecholate-type siderophore produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hisatomi ◽  
Yuh Shiwa ◽  
Nobuyuki Fujita ◽  
Hiroyuki Koshino ◽  
Naoto Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
C Nmr

Siderophores are produced by several bacteria that utilise iron in various environments. Elucidating the structure of a specific siderophore may have valuable applications in drug development. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits a wide range of environments and can cause pneumonia, produces siderophores. However, the structure was unknown, and therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate it. We purified siderophores from cultures of S. maltophilia K279a using preparative reversed-phase HPLC. The structure was analysed through LC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. The results demonstrated that S. maltophilia K279a produces 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine (DHBS), a monomer unit of enterobactin. We suggested the uptake of Iron(III) by the DHBS complex. DHBS production by S. maltophilia K279a could be attributed to an incomplete enterobactin pathway. Drugs targeting DHBS synthesis could prevent S. maltophilia infection.

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